A new technique has been developed to improve donated liver preservation by super-cooling it to subzero temperatures, allowing for a significant extension of the time it can be stored outside the body. This breakthrough could greatly expand organ availability and reduce discard rates.
The LIBRETTO-001 trial showed that selpercatinib achieved high response rates of up to 68% in patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. The median duration of response was also notable at 20.3 months, with an intracranial objective response rate of 91%.
Researchers at Osaka University developed an oral device that effectively reduces motor and vocal tics in Tourette syndrome patients. The study found that the oral splint improved tic symptoms for both children and adults, with long-lasting effects.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a way to tackle the development of resistance in pancreatic cancer by targeting the ERBB signaling pathway. This approach has shown promise in shrinking pancreatic tumors in mice, providing a potential avenue for overcoming resistance and improving treatment outcomes.
A new tablet-based app offers a faster, easier, and more accurate way to assess the cognitive function of people with multiple sclerosis. The app, called iCAMS, reduced test time from about 23 minutes to 14 minutes while producing highly accurate results.
A national public opinion survey found strong support for over twenty gun violence prevention policies among Americans, including extreme risk protection orders and universal background checks. Gun owners and non-gun owners alike showed broad agreement on these measures.
Researchers have developed a molecular shuttle system to deliver precious metal catalysts directly to cancer cells, potentially reducing side effects of chemotherapy. The new method uses artificial exosomes to transport palladium catalysts straight to primary tumours and metastatic cells.
NASA used infrared data to analyze Tropical Storm Faxai, revealing powerful storms just offshore of Japan. The satellite found coldest cloud top temperatures as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit around Faxai's center.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that rural residents in the US are disproportionately affected by suicide, with socioeconomic deprivation being a significant factor. The researchers suggest that improving access to mental healthcare and reducing social isolation may help mitigate this issue.
A new study found that a special diet can alter the gut microbiome in dogs with Crohn's-like disease, mirroring changes seen in children with the condition. The diet-induced changes led to increased production of secondary bile acids, which alleviated disease symptoms.
Researchers found a significant connection between positive childhood experiences and adult respondents' mental and emotional health. Those reporting six to seven positive childhood experiences had 72% lower odds of depression or poor mental health days compared to those with zero to two.
Researchers discovered physically linked mating type loci in 24 Trichosporonales fungi species, with highly conserved gene sequences. This is unusual, as mating type chromosomes tend to degenerate during evolution, and the mechanisms stabilizing these loci will be analyzed in future studies.
A study by the University of Basel found that global warming can cause lakes to cool at the bottom despite warming at the surface, leading to increased carbon burial and reduced greenhouse gas production. The research suggests that this effect is most pronounced in small and shallow lakes worldwide.
Researchers measured VOC concentrations using unmanned aerial vehicles over central Amazonia's plateau and slope forests. Isoprene levels were found to be significantly higher in near-canopy atmosphere over plateau forests compared to slope forests.
A newly identified species of pterosaur, Cryodrakon boreas, has been found in Canada with a massive wingspan of up to 10 meters, making it comparable to the giant Quetzalcoatlus. The discovery provides valuable insights into the diversity and evolution of predatory pterosaurs in North America.
A Vermont study reveals a declining proportion of rural children receiving care in family medicine practices, shifting instead to pediatric clinics. The trend is attributed to national declines in prenatal care by family physicians and limited capacity for new patients.
Hurricane Dorian brought heavy rainfall totals of over 36 inches to the Bahamas and an area off northeastern Florida, with smaller amounts affecting the US East Coast. The storm also caused wind damage and power outages in eastern Canada.
A study in Wisconsin adults found a positive correlation between childhood experiences of belonging, protection, and self-expression with reduced rates of depression and improved mental health. The research suggests that these early life experiences can have lasting effects on mental and relational well-being.
A clinical study comparing liquid and tissue biopsies finds multiple resistance mechanisms in individual patients, which could explain why targeted therapies often fail. The results suggest possible molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance, pointing the way to new and more personalized therapeutics.
Scientists at EPFL have developed perfect soliton crystals in optical microresonators, allowing for the generation of pulse trains with high repetition rates and enhanced power. This breakthrough enables applications in spectroscopy, distance measurements, and low-noise terahertz radiation.
Researchers found that controlling inflammation can increase the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs by promoting neural plasticity. In mice studies, fluoxetine reduced inflammation when housed in a stressful environment, but not in a relaxing one.
Research reveals a 33% decadeal increase in Arctic dimethylsulfide emissions, primarily driven by reduced Arctic ice cover. The authors predict a possible doubling of emissions if the entire Arctic summer ice disappears.
A new study found that offering children a variety of vegetables increased their acceptance and consumption. Families who introduced multiple vegetables saw a significant increase in consumption, with parents reporting it as easy to follow the provided instructions.
The NLMT trial tests eight targeted therapies tailored to specific molecular changes in cancer cells. Researchers found promising responses with single-agent targeted therapy, particularly in oncogene-addicted NSCLC, and identified potential biomarkers for further research.
Women who started estrogen therapy before age 60 with their ovaries removed experienced reduced mortality over long-term follow-up. However, older women or those above 70 without ovaries did not derive this benefit and may have adverse effects of treatment.
A new study by researchers at Boston University and American University confirms the negative impact of food insecurity on child health, highlighting its unique and pervasive effects. The study suggests an urgent need for policies to address this issue, with potential solutions including increased federal SNAP benefits.
A study found that premature babies' gut microbiomes remain disrupted after antibiotic treatment, leading to an increased risk of disease and health problems later in life. The research suggests that minimizing antibiotic use in preemies may help prevent these issues.
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed tiny customizable nanocapsules to deliver gene-editing payloads, reducing the risk of unintended genetic edits. The nanocapsules are expected to improve the efficiency and safety of gene therapies, potentially treating inherited diseases and stubborn viral infections.
A team led by Northwestern University has captured the deepest optical image of a first neutron star collision using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The study sheds light on the nature and origin of neutron star collisions, including the jet created during the merger and its relation to shorter gamma ray bursts.
The Cambrian explosion saw dramatic ocean oxygenation fluctuations driven by seafloor animal life. Seafloor samples revealed two significant anoxic periods linked to declining atmospheric oxygen concentrations.
The US political sanctions on Iran are curtailing global scientific progress by denying Iranian scientists publishing opportunities, access to supplies, and attending meetings. This is hindering international collaboration and nations' ability to respond to health crises and narrow inequalities.
Physicists have discovered a new material that significantly increases the conversion rate of spin current to charge current, paving the way for future spintronic applications. The new material is more efficient than any previously investigated material, with potential to reduce energy loss and heat generation in devices.
Researchers identified two distinct sound elements in chestnut-crowned babbler calls that are shared across different arrangements and convey no specific meaning. The findings suggest that the capacity to generate meaning from meaningless building blocks is widespread in animals, similar to human language construction.
Scientists confirm scenario that dinosaurs died due to global cooling after asteroid impact, with rocks recording wildfires and sulfur absence within 24 hours. The research provides the most detailed look yet into the aftermath of the catastrophe.
Researchers used a canine model of Leber congenital amaurosis to study the effects of gene therapy on photoreceptor cells. They found that dogs treated before 63% of their cells were lost had lasting improvements, while those treated later experienced continued degeneration.
A new study by Evgeny Kagan and colleagues found that incentive clauses in contracts work best for high-performing team members, while those who may not be high performers do not benefit from incentives. The researchers suggest delaying contracting to learn about team member personalities and adjusting contract structures accordingly.
A new study finds that growing up as a minority in the US can increase the risk of depression and anxiety, even under similar conditions to those in Puerto Rico. Factors such as perceived discrimination, cultural identity, and social support play a significant role in shaping mental health outcomes.
The study reveals that complexin cannot be the fusion clamp in mammals, but syt-1 is, preventing errant signals across synapses. The discovery highlights the importance of fusion clamps in the nervous system's speed and accuracy, with implications for neurological diseases.
A study of 42 skeletons from the Kilkenny Union Workhouse identified corn and milk as primary sources of starch and protein in the victims' diets. This research provides insight into historical diet patterns and offers new methods for analyzing skeletal remains to reconstruct past nutritional habits.
Researchers presented innovative studies on head and neck cancer, cochlear implants, and treatment options for conditions like laryngotracheal stenosis and obstructive sleep apnea. The selected studies highlighted outstanding scientific merit and innovation in the field of otolaryngology.
Scientists genetically modified mycoparasites to express Green Fluorescent Protein, revealing they can live up to 21-days on host plant surfaces without harming the environment. The study showed that these mycoparasites cannot spread in sterile soil or decomposing leaves, addressing concerns about their impact.
A new salt-based propellant has been proven compatible with both combustion and electric propulsion systems in dual-mode rocket engines. The propellant, a mixture of hydroxylammonium nitrate and emim ethylsulfate, shows promising results in electrospray thrusters.
A world-first review of 10,951 people with mental health disorders found strong evidence for omega-3 supplements as an add-on treatment for major depression. Emerging evidence also supports N-acetylcysteine and certain folate supplements for mood disorders and schizophrenia.
Researchers develop new method to preserve human livers for transplantation, extending viability from 9 hours to up to 27 hours. The new protocol uses a combination of technologies to prevent ice nucleation and deliver protective solution uniformly throughout the organ.
Treating preterm infants with antibiotics for more than 20 months can lead to less diverse bacterial populations in their gut, containing more antibiotic resistance genes. The study suggests that early-life antibiotic use may promote allergies and other health issues later in life by reducing the diversity of microbial communities.
Dogs in Africa are susceptible to severe and often fatal disease if bitten by infected tsetse flies, characterized by symptoms such as corneal cloudiness. Researchers have developed molecular methods to accurately diagnose the disease, revealing a surprising link between canine and human cases.
A new trial found that video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) significantly reduces in-hospital complications and shortens hospital stays compared to open surgery for early-stage lung cancer patients. VATS, a minimally invasive technique, showed improved outcomes without compromising oncologic results.
Research from the University of Surrey and Deakin's Institute for Frontier Materials found that microplastics can break down further during water treatment processes, impacting on water quality. The study highlights the need for new detection strategies to limit nano and microplastics in water treatment systems.
The study found that online crowdfunding efforts can significantly increase access to cancer care, particularly for low-income individuals. By leveraging online platforms, patients with financial burdens can receive essential treatments and services.
Experts from NIAID urge biomedical research community to refocus on STI research, emphasizing the need for innovative diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The authors highlight the critical need to address antimicrobial resistance and cooperation among researchers, healthcare providers, and community clinics.
Durvalumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, with a median survival of 13 months compared to 10.3 months for the control group. The study found that 33.9% of patients receiving durvalumab were alive at 18 months.
A recent Yale study found that high-fat diets stimulate hypothalamic inflammation, leading to changes in microglial cells and regulating energy homeostasis. The research suggests a neurological mechanism controlling food intake, with potential implications for obesity and diseases like Alzheimer's.
A dietary supplement called sarcosine may help people with schizophrenia by improving glutamate receptor function. Researchers urge clinical trials to confirm its effectiveness and establish guidelines for its use.
Administering nanoparticles carrying messenger RNA for the arginase gene restored urea cycle function and prolonged lifespan in genetically deficient mice. This treatment approach holds promise for treating inherited metabolic disorders like arginase deficiency.
Researchers developed an interface to connect a leg prosthesis with residual nerves, providing sensory feedback that reduces effort during walking and phantom limb pain. The system also increased confidence in prosthetic use, enabling users to devote more attention to other tasks.
A study supports genetic testing for all metastatic breast cancer patients to identify additional patients with increased risk of certain mutations. This strategy may also help determine response to targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors for HER2/ERBB2 negative breast cancer.
Researchers identified 43 previously unknown forms of superhard carbon, including structures with fragments of diamond and lonsdaleite. The study uses computational techniques and machine learning to accelerate material development, predicting properties such as hardness.
Scientists have confirmed a new mass extinction event occurred 260 million years ago, affecting life on land and in the seas. The event is correlated with massive flood-basalt eruptions, similar to those causing other known severe mass extinctions.
University of Copenhagen researchers Asger Dag Törnquist and David Schrittesser solved the long-standing problem of an 'ever-winning lottery ticket.' They found that complete coincidence does not exist in lottery numbers, preventing the existence of a winning ticket. The team's solution confirms Mathias' 1969 hypothesis.
A North Carolina State University study found that being convicted of a crime is associated with a decline in physical health, even without jail time. The research also confirms previous work on the adverse mental health effects of arrests, regardless of charges or outcomes.