Researchers are conducting a large-scale study to understand the biological factors driving tooth decay in preschool-aged children in Yuma, Ariz., and on the island of Hawai'i. The study aims to discover interventions to eliminate bacteria contributing to childhood tooth decay.
A new surgical technique developed by a Yale-led research team improves blood flow in surgically made blood vessels used in dialysis, resulting in longer-lasting and more robust fistulas. The RADAR procedure also reduces complications compared to the standard technique.
A study of Finnish parents reveals a link between vaccine scepticism, low trust in medical doctors, and defiance. The research also found that individuals who defy rules and recommendations are more likely to use alternative medicine.
Researchers have discovered a series of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein structures that are thought to be highly relevant to the onset of Parkinson's disease. These unique structures were found in the presence of phospholipids, which play an essential role in living cells, and take on a striking variety of shapes.
Researchers propose a fast and catalyst-free cross-linking strategy for constructing mechanically strengthened and biofunctional hydrogels. The new method uses o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and N-nucleophiles to form stable linkages, reducing toxicity issues associated with traditional methods.
A new THC Rapid Field Test Kit developed by Purdue University and Hemp Synergistics allows law enforcement to distinguish hemp from marijuana in under five minutes, accurately measuring THC levels. This tool is expected to lower forensic laboratory submissions of suspected marijuana cases by 50%.
Researchers discovered that small highly branched polymers can mimic modern biological protein enzyme function, potentially aiding in the origins of life. These simple catalytic structures may have played a key role in jumpstarting life on early Earth.
Dr Basil Masri was awarded the IOF Medal of Achievement in 2020 for his significant contributions to understanding and managing osteoporosis. He has also made notable achievements in developing registries and tools, such as the Jordanian Hip Fracture registry and FRAX tool.
A new study reveals that abrupt climate warming events in Greenland during the last glacial period were synchronous with other rapid climate changes across the globe. The findings suggest that Arctic warming events triggered rapid climate change on a global scale.
Scientists studied 23-million-year-old leaves from a New Zealand deposit and found that high CO2 levels spurred plant growth, mirroring modern climate change. The study sheds light on how plants may respond to rising CO2 levels, with implications for global ecosystems.
Three ancient Egyptian animals, a snake, bird, and cat, have been digitally unwrapped using high-resolution 3D scans. The scans revealed the animals' ages, possible causes of death, and conditions they were kept in, providing new insights into animal mummification, religion, and human-animal relationships in ancient Egypt.
A study published in The Lancet found that community health workers can significantly reduce maternal, fetal, and newborn deaths by improving access to care. Researchers recommend expanding the workforce and improving healthcare standards to reach more women.
The discovery of a fossilized ichthyosaur with a smaller marine reptile in its stomach provides direct evidence of megapredation during the Triassic period. The prey was likely a thalattosaur, a group of marine reptiles that were more lizard-like in appearance than ichthyosaurs.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that marriage to a spouse with a history of parental alcohol misuse increases the likelihood of developing alcohol use disorder. The research suggests that it's not the spouse's genetic makeup but rather their upbringing by an AUD-affected parent that influences this risk.
Scientists present research on negative side effects of opioids influenced by the immune system, a new type of immunotherapy extending survival in mouse models of breast cancer, detectable micro- and nanoplastics in human tissues, interactions between ocean microbes and pollution influencing climate, bio-based communication networks co...
A new AI system has been developed to detect cryptocurrency miners hijacking supercomputers for illicit mining. The system compares programs based on graphs, identifying malicious codes and preventing computing power theft.
Hurricane Genevieve's size and strength were revealed through NASA's wide-angle photos, showing a clear eye surrounded by powerful thunderstorms. The storm's wind field expanded, affecting the Baja California peninsula with strong winds, heavy rainfall, and large ocean swells.
Research from Edith Cowan University found that consuming higher amounts of cruciferous vegetables daily can lower the risk of extensive calcification on the aorta, a key marker for structural blood vessel disease. Vitamin K may play a role in inhibiting this calcification process.
The study introduces a novel method for synthesizing organophilic carbon nanodots using natural organic molecules in plant leaves, resulting in CNDs with multi-band emission. The CNDs were successfully dispersed in acetone and ethanol and used as a ratiometric and colorimetric sensor for curcumin detection.
Researchers found high levels of ACE2 receptors in sustentacular cells lining the nose, which may be a key entry point for SARS-CoV-2. This discovery could lead to targeted therapies and help explain why some people with COVID-19 lose their sense of smell.
Scientists at Scripps Research have discovered a molecule that can activate the STING protein to help patients fight cancer. The optimized STING-activator, SR-717, dramatically suppressed tumor growth and boosted immune cells in an animal model of aggressive melanoma.
The metabolic enzyme IL4I1 promotes tumor cell spread and suppresses the immune system, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. The study's findings may provide important information for the development of new immunotherapy concepts.
A University of Gothenburg study shows that units outside emergency healthcare are willing to assist in a crisis, including hotels, schools, and veterinary clinics. The 'flexible surge capacity' (FSC) system aims to scale up emergency care during surges in patient numbers.
Researchers discovered a four-meter-long thalattosaur fossil in the stomach of an ichthyosaur, providing direct evidence that these giant marine reptiles consumed large animals. The find suggests that megapredation was more common than previously thought, contradicting the idea that ichthyosaurs fed on small prey like cephalopods.
A study analyzing the February 2020 lockdown in China found a significant drop in nitrogen oxides, a gas associated with smog, of 50% compared to expected levels. However, aerosol particle amounts and cloud properties showed no dramatic changes, suggesting negligible climate-related impacts.
Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology have successfully produced stable, well-shaped microstructures from silica aerogel using a 3D printer. The printed structures exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties, making them ideal for thermally insulating small electronic components and shie...
Researchers found that air pollution contributed to a pre-diabetic state similar to eating an unhealthy diet, with effects reversible upon cessation. Living in densely polluted environments may be added as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
Lung cancer incidence rates have decreased in both Black and white men and women since the 1990s, with steeper declines in Black populations. Historically higher smoking rates in Black adults have disappeared, leading to a reversal of the racial gap in lung cancer incidence among young adults.
Researchers at Stanford University have created nanostructures that can slow down and redirect light, allowing for new technologies such as quantum computing, virtual reality, and biosensing. These 'high-Q' resonators have demonstrated quality factors up to 2,500, enabling applications like detecting COVID-19 antigens and antibodies.
A study by University of Melbourne researchers has confirmed that rapid warming events in the Arctic during the Last Glacial Period were synchronised with temperature increases across continental Europe and changes in rainfall regions. The findings, published in Science, provide important information for testing numerical models used t...
Scientists developed four serological assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and two for neutralizing antibodies, showing that antibody responses appear 5-6 days after symptoms, with neutralizing activity after 7-14 days. The assays were highly sensitive and specific, with varying levels of availability depending on equipment.
A study found that a specific genetic variation associated with communal behavior in non-human animals also affects human romantic relationship dynamics. Individuals with this variation reported higher levels of affection, fewer negative feelings, and improved relationship adjustment.
Researchers at the University of Bath found that generic public health messages are more effective than tailored advice in shifting dietary habits. Participants who received generic information selected food baskets with less total fat and spent 34% less on unhealthy items compared to those who received no information.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a graphene-based Hall-effect sensor that can operate over a greater temperature range than previous sensors. The device can detect miniscule changes in magnetic fields, even within a larger magnetic background, making it ideal for various technological applications.
A new study by ARUP Laboratories and University of Utah Health found that self-collected saliva and deep nasal swabs are equally effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. This discovery has important implications for patients and providers, offering a less invasive testing option.
A study by the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research recommends controlling indoor air humidity to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Low humidity can cause virus droplets to dry out faster, allowing them to travel further and be inhaled by healthy people.
Scientists have developed a new genetic approach to improve biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans by leveraging wild ancestors' genetic diversity. They found that specific genes interact with beneficial microbes to alter the number of nodules a root system forms.
Researchers have identified master regulator genes that causally regulate key biological processes underlying asthma. These genes provide a novel path forward for uncovering mechanisms and developing novel therapies for asthma. The study also identified nasal gene signatures for mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma.
A new study by UCL researchers found that contract tracing apps are unlikely to be effective without large-scale uptake and adherence to quarantine advice. The review analyzed 15 relevant studies and suggests that automated contact tracing methods would still need to be used within an integrated public health response.
Scientists have developed a new tool to precisely target cancer cells by distinguishing them from neighboring cells. The Co-LOCKR system uses synthetic proteins to detect specific combinations of cell surface markers, allowing for more precise targeting and improved safety for cancer-killing CAR T cells.
The researchers created a lightweight eye mask called Chesma with two kinds of fabric electrodes to track electro-oculography and cardiac signals. The mask can be integrated into various garments and tested for performance after multiple washings.
A new Oregon State University study suggests that firefighters are more likely to be exposed to potentially harmful chemicals while on duty compared to off duty. The researchers found 18 PAHs that have not been previously reported as firefighting exposures, and exposure levels increased with the number of fires responded to.
A new dementia education program has shown significant improvements in dementia knowledge and attitudes among primary school students. The intergenerational program brings together children and older adults, promoting empathy and understanding.
A new study reveals broad inconsistencies in COVID-19 data presentation across national public health institutes' websites, limiting its usefulness. Researchers recommend a standardized format and content sharing to improve data aggregation and inform future research, clinical decisions, and policy-making.
Researchers developed a new vaccine called 4X-SA-GP, which uses fungal β-glucan particles loaded with S. aureus proteins to stimulate antifungal immunity in mice. Vaccination induced protective T cell and antibody responses, protecting mice from staph infection.
Researchers from Tohoku University discovered a novel iron-based superelastic alloy capable of withstanding extreme temperatures. The new alloy can operate within a wider temperature range than conventional metal-based SEAs, making it suitable for outer-space exploration and other demanding applications.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new class of metalenses that can be reconfigured using liquid crystals, allowing for the creation of flexible and tunable lenses. This innovation holds promise for revolutionizing optics and enabling new scientific and technological endeavors.
Dr Stefania Maggi, a leading geriatrician and epidemiologist, has been awarded the ESCEO-IOF Herbert Fleisch Medal for her groundbreaking work in advancing the epidemiology of chronic conditions associated with aging. Her research focuses on healthy ageing and disease prevention programs.
Researchers have developed an efficient method to estimate camera movement, reducing the number of hypotheses generated from up to five to one. The new approach allows for real-time execution of pose estimation, with a complete algorithm taking only 29 milliseconds per frame.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 is causing significant dilation of the lung's blood vessels, contributing to low oxygen levels and unusual respiratory behavior. The dilation was detected using a non-invasive ultrasound technique, and its correlation with oxygen levels may help explain why some patients experience 'happy hypoxia.'
Researchers at University of Minnesota and University of Washington found a statistical association between COVID-19 hospital bed usage and reported mortality rates across 23 US states. The study used actual state-level data to examine this relationship, providing insights for hospitals on assessment and preparedness.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism highlights the impact of anorexia nervosa on young women's growth. The research found that girls with anorexia nervosa tend to have stunted growth, which may affect their overall health and well-being.
Researchers at Aarhus University have developed a new equation to describe the activity of enzyme cascades in cells. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of how enzymes control cellular signaling and potentially improve drug development for cancer treatment.
A study found that belief in negative vaccination misperceptions has a strong impact on policy views, with 20% of Americans holding negative views about vaccination. Strong support for mandatory childhood vaccinations was observed, but opposition to religious and personal belief exemptions remained significant.
Scientists create genetically engineered, off-the-shelf therapeutic T cells that can recognize and kill specific cancer cells without requiring personalized training. The 'off-the-shelf' approach solves limitations of original cell immunotherapy methods by avoiding time-consuming processes and resulting in more potent cells.
A study found that a bacteriophage infecting enterococcus bacteria stimulates an immune response improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. Administration of enterococcus containing the bacteriophage boosted T cell responses in mice, and its presence was associated with improved survival following PD-1 immunotherapy.
Scientists have discovered an ancient gene family in Chlamydomonas algae that produces glycerol to protect against salt and cold stress in Antarctica. The gene family is necessary and sufficient for glycerol synthesis, suggesting its ancient origin and importance for survival in extreme environments.
A new study discovered that GULP1 is a key regulator of the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling axis in urothelial carcinoma. GULP1 knockdown led to increased tumor growth and resistance to cisplatin treatment.
Researchers have discovered stable, synthetic STING agonists that induce anticancer immune responses in mice. These non-nucleotide small molecule STING agonists show robust anti-tumor activities and may represent an attractive approach for targeting the STING pathway.
Advanced X-ray imaging reveals details on ancient cat, bird and snake mummification, including possible causes of death and complex ritualistic behavior. The technique provides insights into conditions in which animals were kept and their relationships with humans.