Research suggests that opening windows can reduce airborne particle exchange between a driver and passenger, lowering the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The best scenario is having all four windows open, but even one or two open windows are better than having them all closed.
The Borexino experiment has successfully detected low-energy neutrinos from the Sun's carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle, a process that produces about 1% of the Sun's energy output. This detection provides valuable insights into the CNO cycle and its role in the energy production of stars, including our own Sun.
A new clinical trial has found that donor stem cell transplantation nearly doubles the survival rate of older patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aged 50-75. The study suggests that transplant should be considered for all eligible patients, ideally referred early to increase chances of finding a suitable donor.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered a new pathway in Alzheimer's disease that could lead to earlier and more effective treatments. The Drp1-HK1-NLRP3 pathway plays a key role in disrupting normal brain cell function, leading to cognitive deficits and degeneration of white matter.
A promising fix to CRISPR-Cas9's problem with unwanted genetic changes has been found using a method that turns off gene-editing until it reaches key cell cycle phases where more accurate repairs are likely to happen.
A new study by UC Davis MIND Institute finds a connection between gestational age and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with Down syndrome. Earlier gestational age was linked to increased ADHD symptoms later in childhood.
Scientists have shown that abrupt climate change in the past was closely linked to rapid sea ice decline. The study documents how sudden warming of the climate occurred when sea ice cover changed from year-round to seasonal ice cover in Nordic seas.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that a Mediterranean diet improved endothelial function and reduced damage to the arteries in patients with coronary heart disease. The diet, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, was shown to reduce the risk of another heart attack by half.
A team of researchers has discovered a signaling system within the brainstem that activates almost immediately at birth to support early breathing. This finding may offer important insights into Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and other breathing problems.
A randomized control trial of 16 weeks showed that a low-fat, plant-based diet increased metabolism and reduced body weight in overweight participants regardless of their ABO blood type. The study found no association between blood type and the effects of the diet on body fat, plasma lipids, or glycemic control.
Researchers from Aarhus University modelled decarbonisation of the European energy system using high-resolution data. Solar energy emerges as a cost-optimised cornerstone for a fully decarbonised energy system by 2050.
Researchers synthesized indolizines with green fluorescence using pyridinium salts and enamiones. The resulting substances have potential applications in medical fields, including cancer treatment and diabetes management.
By analyzing crystal orientations from a 1959 Kilauea eruption, researchers inferred magma flow patterns prior to eruption, shedding light on past and potential future eruptions. The study's findings offer new insights into conduit dynamics, aiding in hazard prediction and monitoring.
A new study published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society found a significant decrease in pediatric asthma-related emergency department visits during the spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. The rate of ED visits dropped by 80% compared to previous years, indicating improved symptom control and reduced exacerbations.
Scientists study how tuning aspects of a powerful laser beam can affect the acceleration of electrons, finding that optimal values of laser beam waist increase maximum acceleration. They observe significant energy gains in full and half-pulse interactions, reaching up to 1 GeV.
Researchers developed an assay that detects SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs using a smartphone camera, providing quick results within 30 minutes. The test utilizes CRISPR-Cas technology, eliminating the need for amplification and enabling precise quantification of virus amounts.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 50% decrease in hospital-wide Hepatitis C (HCV) testing and a 60% reduction in new HCV diagnoses, according to new research. Telemedicine's impact on preventive care, including HCV screening, was a significant contributing factor.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities decreased to 29.1% in November 2020, while the labor force participation rate increased slightly to 33.6%. Despite this decline, people with disabilities remain engaged in the workforce and are entering or reentering the labor market.
Researchers have developed new computational tools to speed up molecular dynamics simulations, enabling novel studies on protein behavior. The tools are being used to predict the 3D shape of unknown proteins in COVID-19 viruses, which could lead to new drug developments.
A new study by Portland State University finds that mass incarceration is significantly associated with increases in industrial emissions. The construction and maintenance of prisons, as well as the production of goods and materials used inside prisons, contribute to these emissions.
The study assessed the rate of appendix perforations at a children's hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing it to 2019 data. The results show an increased rate of appendix perforations during the pandemic.
Researchers developed a real-time analysis platform to evaluate the thermal stability of EV battery cathode materials using transmission electron microscopy. The study identified the thermal degradation mechanism and created a safety protocol for high-performance cathode materials with increased nickel content.
Researchers have identified six biochemical biomarkers linked to COVID-19 infection using a blood test. The test can detect infected patients with high accuracy, allowing for rapid diagnosis and treatment prioritization.
A study found that virtual doctor visits are increasingly used, with different demographics accessing them at varying rates. Telephone visits were more likely among older patients, Black patients, and those with Medicaid or Medicare insurance.
A large long-term study found that women with PTSD and depression have an almost fourfold greater risk of early death from various causes than women without trauma exposure or depression. The study suggests that other factors, such as stress hormones, may account for the higher risk.
Firms with more frequent financial reporting experience a decrease in patent applications, citations, and patent value. This reduction in innovative output can lead to inertia and a culture of 'standing still' if organisations are unwilling to invest.
A recent UBC study reveals that individuals with lower socioeconomic statuses are more likely to distrust powerful decision-makers, viewing coercion as a viable path to gain power. In contrast, those with higher socioeconomic statuses are more trusting and associate power with collaboration and respect.
Researchers use human white blood cell membranes to carry drugs directly to infected lungs in mice, successfully treating bacterial growth and inflammation. The nano-sized drug delivery method shows promise for treating infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
A new study from the University of Illinois found that hiring foreign-educated registered nurses does not displace U.S.-educated nurses and may even boost wages for highly educated natives. The research analyzed data from 1980-2015 and covered every commuting zone in the US, including rural areas.
Research by Brazilian scientists reveals that as trees grow faster, their lives get shorter, offsetting carbon storage. This trade-off impacts forest carbon uptake and highlights the need for more effective climate change mitigation strategies.
A new study reveals that floating DNA bits in seawater can reveal the relative abundance of fish species, allowing for an inexpensive and harmless way to monitor fisheries and track shifting marine life. The technique, known as eDNA, has vast applications in ocean conservation and research.
Researchers from Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center have determined the 3D structure of a molecular machine responsible for correctly placing tail-anchored membrane proteins into biomembranes. This finding provides crucial insights into protein transport and insertion, shedding light on the final steps of the process.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-cigarette use increased significantly among those 24 years old and younger. According to a recent survey study, nearly 60% of this age group used e-cigarettes before the pandemic, with an additional 20% starting to use them during the pandemic.
A comprehensive review of existing literature suggests that wind turbine noise can affect sleep stages and deep sleep time. Researchers are calling for further well-controlled experimental studies to better understand the impact on sleep.
The final 2021 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule will result in a 10% reimbursement cut for neurointerventional procedures, putting patients at risk of losing access to life-saving care. The Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery warns that this measure could further exacerbate challenges faced by the field due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
A team of researchers has discovered that the titanium atom in crystal BaTiS3 is responsible for its poor thermal conductivity. The titanium atom exists in a double-well potential, allowing it to absorb and emit vibrations in a way that scatters energy rather than transferring it cleanly.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University have discovered that stimulating β-ARs can halt the progression of oral cancer. The study found that specific compounds, such as isoxsuprine, effectively interfered with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that enables cancer cells to spread and form secondary tumors.
A new study recommends strategies for generating polygenic risk scores that inspire confidence among consumers, reducing variability and improving the accuracy of these scores. By running algorithms multiple times and paying attention to variable elements, companies can improve the quality of scores delivered to customers.
New research suggests that US states adopting voucher and charter school choice laws witnessed declines in suicide rates among young people. Private schooling was also associated with better mental health in adulthood, even after controlling for important sociodemographic factors.
A new study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding competitive root behavior, revealing that plants adjust their root growth strategies according to the proximity of competing plants. The research reconciles conflicting hypotheses and demonstrates that roots are likely used to preempt resource capture by competitors in nea...
A recent study found a large number of potentially pathogenic bacteria on ticks infecting Bolson tortoises, highlighting the need for conservation strategies to protect these endangered species. Further research is needed to understand the tortoises' defense mechanisms against diseases transmitted by ticks.
Scientists have detected new types of solar electron bursts accelerated by shock waves from coronal mass ejections. The Voyager spacecraft, over 14 billion miles from the sun, recorded these bursts, which were linked to cosmic rays and provided valuable insights into interstellar physics.
The study suggests most animals remain stressed for longer than optimal after a stress-inducing incident, likely due to physiological limits. The researchers propose that environmental predictability and baseline stress levels play key roles in shaping stress responses.
Researchers developed high-resolution implants consisting of 1024 electrodes to generate artificial images, enabling the recognition of shapes, lines, and letters in sighted monkeys. The technology aims to restore vision in blind people with intact visual cortex, significantly improving their independence.
The new global surveillance system can dynamically track the virus's direction, speed and acceleration, enabling leaders to identify outbreaks earlier. It analyzes metrics such as speed, acceleration and jerk to predict potential explosive growth and inform policy responses.
Researchers have created a new method to reduce noise emissions from small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) without compromising their flight range or endurance. The method uses high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics codes to obtain information about airfoil boundary layers, enabling the development of quieter air vehicles.
Researchers at NIST have created a faster and safer method to train detection dogs using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) infused with vapors from explosives. This two-temperature method reduces the time needed to prepare training aids, allowing for quicker training of dogs to detect real substances.
A study suggests that COVID-19 guidance in Sweden led to reduced exposure to heart attack triggers such as stress and intense physical activity. The proportion of patients attending emergency cardiac angiography units dropped by 38% on days when people stayed close to home, indicating a potential reduction in heart attack risks.
A University of Houston study found that birth order has little-to-no effect on specific careers, contrary to previous research. Firstborns were actually more likely to pursue creative careers and attain higher job prestige and education.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an observed increase in overdose-related cardiac arrests treated by emergency medical services. The study analyzed data from a large national database and found that these cardiac arrests were more common during this time period.
Researchers have uncovered how plant immune receptors convert from inactive to active complexes that break down NAD+, initiating defense signaling. The study found that a tetramer composed of four receptor molecules creates a unique surface necessary for NAD+ cleavage, a critical step in plant immunity.
A study found that visual processing units are identical in size across primate species, from the world's smallest mouse lemur to humans. This preservation suggests an early evolution of primate vision and highlights the importance of conservation efforts for endangered species.
Half of patients with advanced CKD delay AVF creation, often starting with temporary vascular access despite education. Researchers found that beliefs about the value of vascular access predict intentions to prepare for hemodialysis and access outcomes.
A study published in Ecological Monographs reveals that sugar maple leaf microbiomes change along the transition from coniferous to deciduous forests. The findings show that southern sugar maples have similar microbiomes, while northern trees host bacterial communities resembling those of other dominant species.
A systematic review published in Annals of Internal Medicine confirms health disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among Black and Hispanic populations, attributing the disparity to increased risk of exposure and transmission. The study highlights the need for targeted efforts to reduce exposure to the virus in vulnerable populations.
A new 3D survey of the Milky Way has revealed a wide range of structures within the galaxy, from individual star-forming clumps to giant molecular clouds. The study provides unprecedented detail on the inner structure and dynamics of the galaxy, shedding light on its star formation processes.
A new study by UC Riverside and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has revealed how bacteria control metabolic intermediates, enabling more efficient biofuel production. By understanding this regulation, scientists can design cells that produce desired chemicals while preventing excessive buildup of unwanted products.
Researchers Marco Fielder and Arun Nair found that water and mineral content variations significantly impact collagen fibril behavior, leading to bio-composites with improved mechanical stability. Composites with 40% mineralization were twice as strong as those without minerals, regardless of water content.
A study by USC researchers found that working from home negatively impacts physical and mental health, increases distractions, and reduces productivity. Nearly 1,000 respondents reported experiencing one or more new physical health issues, with women and parents of toddlers and infants being disproportionately affected.
A randomized controlled trial found that patients who received genetic test results about statin side effects did not have worse outcomes after one year. The study's results provide reassurance that pharmacogenetic testing can be used to maximize benefits while minimizing harm.