Researchers at the University of California San Diego have identified 20 cell types in teratomas, which could offer insights into human development and tissue engineering. The team also developed a method to 'molecularly sculpt' teratomas to be enriched in specific lineages.
The article discusses the benefits of combining intensive lab experiences with online learning for students studying ecology and evolution. A short but intensive field period can enhance student interpersonal skills, offer more flexibility, and provide a better testing experience.
A team of researchers has identified a mechanism to target amyloid-beta, a disordered protein involved in Alzheimer's disease. By designing drugs that bind to the protein in its disordered state, they hope to reduce toxic cluster formation and develop new treatments.
Centenary Institute scientists discovered that two key proteins involved in blood clotting and immunity exist in multiple disulphide-bonded states. This finding has significant implications for drug development and the fight against disease, as different states of a protein may bind more or less preferentially to drugs.
Researchers have developed an immunotherapy approach that specifically impedes the autoimmune response driving MS, while preserving the rest of the immune system. In mouse models, the therapy prevented disease onset and reduced severity after disease onset.
Researchers found that D. radiodurans produced outer membrane vesicles and initiated multifaceted protein responses to alleviate cell stress after 1 year of exposure to low Earth orbit. The bacteria also used polyamine putrescine as a reactive oxygen species scavenger during regeneration.
The $2.5 million DOE grant project will investigate a newly designed molten salt valve to improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs in concentrating solar power systems. The advanced valve design aims to withstand extreme temperatures and pressures, reducing material stress and fatigue.
Researchers at the University of Oldenburg generated turbulent flows in a wind tunnel, simulating conditions similar to those encountered in real storms. The team discovered that the wind tunnel flow combines two components into perfect, realistic storm turbulence.
Researchers found that culinary traditions, such as boiling or steaming grains, influenced the adoption of novel crops like wheat and barley in central China. The north-south dietary distinction emerged around 8,000 years ago, with millet being a staple grain in the north and rice and other foods in the south.
A new study published in Neurology found an association between working for pay and slower memory decline, regardless of marital or parenthood status. Engaging in paid work may offer some protection against memory loss due to cognitive stimulation, social engagement or financial security.
The study evaluated the efficacy of improvised dry and wet emergency decontamination protocols for chemical incidents. Combining these methods showed promise in reducing exposure to toxic chemicals.
The study uses Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to investigate lignite regions in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It finds significant land subsidence in open-cast mining areas, with rates of up to 50 centimeters per year.
Researchers from UOC reviewed scientific studies on COVID-19's impact on the central nervous system, finding evidence of neurocognitive alterations like headaches and delirium. The review suggests that delirium could be an early marker of COVID-19, especially in elderly patients.
A new form of computerized brain-training called Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) has been shown to reduce early relapse by 17% in individuals undergoing inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment. The CBM smartphone app SWiPE is designed to train the subconscious brain to avoid alcohol cues and promote healthier behaviors.
Researchers at Swansea University developed a new method to detect tiny signatures of 'charge traps' in organic semiconductors, which may improve the performance of solar cells, photodetectors, and OLEDs. The study found that charge traps can generate new charges rather than annihilate them completely.
A 9,000-year-old female hunter burial in the Andes Mountains overturns the long-held 'man-the-hunter' hypothesis, revealing that female participation in big-game hunting was nontrivial. Statistical analysis suggests that 30-50% of hunters in these populations were female, contradicting recent societal norms.
A supermagnetized stellar remnant, magnetar SGR 1935+2154 produced a mix of X-ray and radio signals, including the first fast radio burst (FRB) observed from within our Milky Way galaxy. The event suggests that magnetars in other galaxies may produce similar signals.
The new Stanford-SLAC CryoET Specimen Preparation Service Center complements existing NIH-funded facilities at SLAC, providing streamlined processes for preparing cryo-ET samples. Researchers can learn state-of-the-art techniques and access multiple instruments to visualize cellular components in 3D.
A genetic mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene may accelerate heart function decline in DMD patients, suggesting a potential benefit from more aggressive and earlier cardiac interventions. Researchers identified this specific mutation as exacerbating cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
Research finds smaller earthquakes (magnitude 5.5 and below) are the main source of strong shaking at a 60-kilometer distance. These 'little earthquakes with ambition' produce more shaking than expected, often causing significant damage.
A recent analysis suggests that California's CalEnviroScreen 3.0 index may identify only 25% of at-risk communities, while other indices reveal an additional 12.6% vulnerable to heat-related health impacts. This highlights the need for a more holistic approach to quantify vulnerability to extreme heat and other climate hazards.
New York University researchers have created a developmental atlas of gene expression in neurons using gene sequencing and machine learning. The study reveals new types of neurons, including a previously unknown type present only before flies hatch, and highlights the highest levels of molecular diversity during development.
A randomized controlled trial found that vitamin D supplementation improved clinical outcomes for children with severe atopic dermatitis. The study involved 86 patients who received either oral daily vitamin D or placebo for 12 weeks.
A large-scale study found Congolese fishermen face declining fish stocks, poor safety conditions, and lack of enforcement, prompting calls for improved regulations and security measures. The researchers conducted 1018 interviews with stakeholders, revealing the need for adapted fisheries management to ensure sustainability.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have found a promising therapeutic approach against COPD by blocking lung epithelial cell death and triggering tissue regeneration. The novel treatment targets the lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling pathway, leading to improved lung function and reduced comorbidities.
Mice fed a Western diet showed faster decline in odor detection and learning abilities compared to controls. The researchers suggest high dietary sugar content, rather than obesity or hyperglycemia, may be linked to this deterioration.
Researchers at FAU identify a molecular marker in Cuscuta parasites that triggers recognition by tomato receptors, leading to immune response. The discovery may improve crop resistance to parasitic plants.
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) detected a weak correlation between fast radio bursts and soft gamma-ray repeater J1935+2154, suggesting a magnetar origin for FRBs. The study provides crucial clues to the generation of FRBs.
Researchers found Ebola virus antibodies in 10% of patients seeking care in the year before the 2018 outbreak, highlighting potential for more frequent exposure. Women were significantly more likely to be exposed, consistent with other studies.
Researchers studied risk and protection factors for violence among children and adolescents, finding that victimization, morality, empathy, and social-emotional skills predict violent behavior. Reducing victimization in schools could decrease violence in different contexts.
A new strain of rhizobacteria has been shown to naturally promote rice growth and improve carbohydrate metabolism. This discovery offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and increasing production.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a novel approach for modular controller design, enabling decentralized system upgrades without compromising stability. The new design allows individual subsystem developers to design and implement controllers independently, improving overall system performance.
Researchers developed a synthetic mini-antibody called sybody 23 that can block SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect human cells. This breakthrough could lead to a potential way to treat COVID-19, with further analyses planned to confirm its effectiveness.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found associations between exposure to high temperatures in pregnancy and increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. The study analyzed data from 70 studies across 27 countries and found that the odds of preterm birth rose by 5% per 1°C increase in temperature.
Researchers found that direct-tie asymmetry has an inverted U-shaped effect on a firm's abnormal returns, while indirect-tie asymmetry has a U-shaped effect on its risk. The study highlights the importance of assessing a potential alliance partner's ties relative to the focal firm's own ties.
The study reveals that fertile female helper beetles reproduce alongside their mother, the colony foundress, while non-fertile females focus on caring for the brood and fungus. A specialized fungus in the genus Raffaelea is the primary food source for larvae.
A team of Canadian astronomers detected an intense radio burst from a nearby magnetar, lending weight to the theory that magnetars are behind at least some fast radio bursts. The findings suggest that magnetars could be responsible for some FRBs, but further research is needed to confirm this.
Scientists at University of Rochester and Cornell University have developed a nanoscale node made of magnetic and semiconducting materials that can interact with other nodes using laser light. The device uses entanglement, a phenomenon in quantum mechanics, to connect quantum nodes across a remote network.
A study in mice confirmed in human samples shows that the brain is protected against infection by immune cells from the gut. The meninges form an impermeable barrier preventing immune cells from entering the brain, but plasma cells secrete antibodies to defend the perimeter of the brain.
Researchers improve simulated precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau using convection-permitting models. These models better depict precipitation frequency and intensity, reducing the wet bias in traditional climate models. Higher resolution and more accurate parameterizations lead to improved simulations.
A team of researchers has developed a model for acid-tolerant yeast that can produce succinic acid, a precursor for industrial polymer production. The model uses gene editing and computational tools to identify the optimal genetic modifications required to maximize succinic acid production.
Researchers discovered a specific brain region monitors food preferences as they change across thirsty and quenched states. By artificially manipulating neurons in the ventral pallidum, researchers were able to shift food choice preferences from a desired treat to a plain staple.
A new study has uncovered DNA evidence of Bartonella quintana, the bacteria responsible for trench fever, in civilian remains dating back thousands of years. The discovery sheds light on the complex history of trench fever and provides insight into the lives of Christian citizens in Roman Syracuse.
A study on the eradication of black rats from Palmyra Atoll found a 14-fold increase in seedling biomass, mostly composed of juvenile coconut palms. The removal of rats allowed native species to thrive, but also led to an invasion of coconut palms, which can alter island ecology and deprive native birds of nutrients.
Researchers at Kanazawa University demonstrate the ability to reversibly control the emission of blue-green light from water-soluble tetraphenylethene molecules on artificial cell membrane surfaces. This controlled emission has potential applications in new biological sensors and smart drug delivery platforms.
Researchers have created a bio-based, water-resistant wood film that can emit and scatter light, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional lighting materials. The luminescent panel demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and can be used as cover panels for lamps, displays, and laser devices.
Researchers at Waseda University developed a novel technique to grow carbon nanotubes, overcoming the limitation of short forests. The breakthrough enables the creation of dense CNT forests up to 14 cm in length, with high purity and competitive strength.
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign implemented a campus-wide COVID-19 screening program called Shield, which processes over 10,000 saliva tests each day. The program's success led to the creation of a statewide Shield-Illinois and has inspired governments to establish similar programs.
Researchers found chikungunya can infect the central nervous system, impairing cognitive and motor functions. The study also showed that patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of death during the subacute phase, which is seven times greater than for non-diabetics.
Researchers found that coral larvae temporarily stop swimming due to reduced light intensity and then resume swimming at their initial speed. This behavior may play a role in determining where corals settle, with the larvae gathering in bright spaces.
A new report from UCSF links climate change to a significant increase in global cancer rates, particularly lung, skin, and gastrointestinal cancers. The study highlights the need for urgent action to mitigate climate change and reduce air pollution to prevent cancer cases and deaths.
The study reveals that Atg9 has phospholipid-translocation activity, which brings about autophagosome membrane expansion. This discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of autophagosome formation and holds promise for accelerating research into treating various diseases through artificial control of autophagy.
A small study of adults with major depression found that two doses of psilocybin, given with supportive psychotherapy, produced rapid and large reductions in depressive symptoms. Most participants showed improvement and half achieved remission after a four-week follow-up.
Researchers have discovered a highly developed social system in the sugarcane shot-hole borer beetle, where females can reproduce and help with caring for fungal cultures. The beetles' cooperative brood care is rare in nature and may provide insights into the evolution of sociality.
Brown carbon tarballs have been detected in the Himalayan atmosphere, potentially contributing to glacial melt. The presence of these particles was found to increase on days with elevated pollution levels.
A new study suggests that combining T cell activation with antibody production could lead to longer-term protection against Zika virus. Researchers found that inducing CD8+ T cells was key in preventing Zika infection in mice, offering a promising approach for developing effective vaccines.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science create a novel strategy to produce moth-eye nanostructures and transparent films, overcoming previous scalability issues. The resulting film exhibits remarkable optical properties, including low reflectance and increased transmittance.
The report assesses soil biodiversity across the globe, highlighting its decline and impact on ecosystem services such as water cycle regulation and carbon sequestration. The study provides a comprehensive framework for managing soil health, which is crucial for maintaining agricultural productivity and mitigating climate change.
A large-scale study found that LDCT scans can identify a significant number of adults with low bone mineral density, equating to 49 million and 22.8 million Chinese citizens, respectively. The study revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of osteoporosis in men, which may impact management strategies.
Researchers discovered that the anterior cingulate cortex is involved in using mental models to simulate the future and make decisions. The brain structure encodes multiple aspects of decision-making, including the likelihood of a specific outcome.