A novel optical switch enables precise control over the lifespan of genetic copies by attaching aptamers to molecular markers. This method can be used to specifically switch off practically every mRNA molecule in a cell in a controlled manner, opening up new avenues for investigating dynamic processes in living cells.
A study of 45,000 healthy adults found associations between 160 genes and brain shrinkage in the cortex, a dimply outer layer of the brain. The findings may lead to new targets for developing drugs to intervene before disease symptoms appear.
A new UK study found that having a pet helped people cope emotionally with the lockdown and stay fit. The human-animal bond was linked to improved mental health outcomes, regardless of animal species.
Researchers at Osaka City University have developed a quantum algorithm that removes pesky spin contaminants from chemical calculations on quantum computers. This breakthrough enables precise and accurate predictions of atomic and molecular behavior, which is crucial for applications such as pharmaceuticals and materials research.
Researchers aim to pinpoint specific areas with the highest risk of tick-borne disease transmission using GPS data loggers and interviews with people with tick-borne diseases. The study's findings will inform targeted interventions to address a major public health threat in the US.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing global mental health issues, fueled by worsening social determinants, job insecurity, and fear of infection. Millions are at risk of being pushed back into extreme poverty, a crisis that could reverse years of development in vulnerable countries.
Researchers at FSU have made new discoveries on the effects of temperature on sustainable polymers, which may help produce environmentally friendly plastics. The team found that certain polymers crystallize in unusual ways when cooled, leading to increased toughness and potential applications for sustainable plastic production.
University of Pittsburgh professors Nathan Youngblood and Feng Xiong receive $380,000 to study phase-change materials for high-speed computing and optical storage applications. The project aims to overcome the challenges in electrically-controlled optical memory devices.
Researchers have found two human skulls and a goat skeleton with unique features in Cueva de la Dehesilla, Spain. The site reveals new insights into the funerary rituals of Neolithic Iberian populations, challenging previous understanding of burials in the region.
Researchers discovered unique bacterial profiles associated with each patient's medical condition, suggesting a personalized approach to care and antibiotic treatment. The study challenged long-held beliefs that the urinary tract is sterile.
The team discovered two massive young stars shrouded by gaseous disks containing sodium chloride and heated water vapor. The disks are counter-rotating, indicating the pair may not be twins, but rather strangers formed in separate clouds.
A study found that patients with COVID-19 who presented within 3 days of symptom onset had more severe disease, including higher levels of organ failure, and were at increased risk for complications and death. Despite receiving antiviral therapy, mortality rates remained high in this group.
The University of Tokyo researchers employed a new computer model to simulate amorphous solids and their strength. They found that the internal network of force-bearing particles is responsible for giving glass its rigidity.
South Rampart Pharma, a New Orleans life science company, has been awarded a $1.9 million NIH STTR grant to develop a new class of non-opioid medicines for pain relief and fever reduction. The company aims to create a safer treatment option for acute and chronic pain, which affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
The Journal of Public Policy & Marketing explores key topics like elections, voting, corporate political advocacy, and consumer political identities. Articles discuss strategies for marketing and research, highlighting the impact on stakeholder behaviors and policy implications.
Researchers found a significant decline in cardiovascular disease prevalence among high-income individuals in the US from 1999 to 2016. The study also revealed disparities in cardiovascular disease burden by income level within the US population.
Researchers create micro-scaffolds that stretch cells, triggering a response to external forces. The cells counteract deformation with motor proteins, increasing their tensile forces and adapting to dynamic environments.
A new neuroimaging study has found links between brain regions and dissociative symptoms in women with a history of childhood abuse, shedding light on the 'invisible wounds' of trauma. The study may help tailor treatments for affected patients and increase awareness around dissociative disorders.
Researchers investigated COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in relation to race, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. The study highlights racial disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortality rates, suggesting unequal access to healthcare and resources.
A recent study published in Neuron reveals that the brain's signal transmission is regulated by the environment, with certain processes allowing for more open communication between neurons. The researchers found that astrocytes, specialized cells in the brain, play a crucial role in shielding communication to some extent.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with vitamin D sufficiency had a significant decreased risk for adverse clinical outcomes, including becoming unconscious, hypoxia, and death. Vitamin D also lower blood levels of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein and higher blood levels of lymphocytes.
A contact tracing study found that wearing masks all the time reduced COVID-19 infection risk by 77% compared to not wearing them. Consistent practice of handwashing and social distancing also significantly reduced the risk, with benefits observed when maintaining at least a 1-metre distance from patients.
Historical racial & ethnic health inequities significantly contribute to the disproportionate COVID-19 impact, particularly among African American, Latinx, and Navajo Nation communities. Baseline inequalities in healthcare are exacerbated by the pandemic.
NASA's Aqua satellite detected infrared data showing westerly vertical wind shear pushing strongest storms east of Tropical Storm Lowell's center, indicating wind shear. The storm's convection and distance from the center were on the margins of organized deep convection.
A new drug, vamorolone, has shown promise in reducing side effects associated with current steroid treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Interim results from a 24-month clinical trial suggest that vamorolone may retain or improve the therapeutic benefits of steroids while minimizing risks.
Post-Tropical Cyclone Beta is covered in clouds stretching from Mississippi to the Carolinas, according to NASA imagery. The storm was moving slowly northeast and had decreased in pressure and wind fields by September 25.
A research team from the German Primate Center found that lemurs' average cognitive performance in tests was not fundamentally different from other primate species. Despite smaller brains, lemurs showed domain-specific cognitive skills similar to those of monkeys and great apes.
A study by University of Copenhagen researchers reveals that large temperature differences between day and night can spawn powerful thunderstorms and cloud bursts. The study uses computer simulations to analyze mesoscale convection systems, which are powerful thunderstorms that spread over areas of 100 kilometers or more.
A new method for analyzing soil organic matter can help scientists predict how soils store carbon and how this affects climate change. The study analyzed data from over 40 soils across North America, revealing patterns in chemistry that hold true across climates.
Researchers at University of Minnesota Medical School have received seed funding for a clinical study investigating the use of metformin as a COVID-19 treatment and prevention method. The team aims to definitively study whether or not metformin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease, with potential benefits of reduci...
A nationwide US study of dialysis patients reveals fewer than 10% had COVID-19 antibodies by July 2020 and fewer than 10% were diagnosed. The study highlights the need for targeted public health efforts to prioritize minority communities and densely populated areas.
Researchers at LSU have developed a method to remove quantum backaction in gravitational wave detectors, improving sensitivity and enabling deeper astrophysical observations. The new technique uses a mirror the size of a human hair and shows promising results, with potential implications for LIGO and future GW detector upgrades.
Researchers at the Complutense University of Madrid found that childhood leukemia tumor cells hide in the choroid plexus of the brain, allowing them to escape chemotherapy and cause relapses. This discovery could lead to more effective treatment strategies to prevent these cells from colonizing the CNS.
Researchers found that male and female birds have different gene expressions due to alternative splicing, enabling the evolution of sex-specific traits. This process is crucial for generating biodiversity across the animal kingdom.
A team from the University of Pittsburgh is using a $1.1M grant to optimize small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular graft design and manufacturability. They aim to develop a feasible alternative to decades-old vessel harvesting methods, with the goal of reducing complications like stenosis.
Researchers created a biodegradable coating from natural polysaccharides that protects food from bacteria and toxins while decomposing harmlessly. The coating increased the shelf life of fruits by 2.5-8 times, and its use doesn't contaminate the environment.
Researchers have developed a novel single-atom Pt catalyst that can operate stably at high temperatures, increasing electrode reaction rates by up to 10 times. This breakthrough could accelerate the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells, next-generation eco-friendly power generation systems.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba and ETH Zurich found that marine bacteria switch between lifestyles to get the best resources, optimizing nutrient uptake in seascapes of organic particles. Bacteria spend more time on higher-quality patches, fine-tuning their foraging strategy according to patch quality.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison has officially confirmed the lowest recorded temperature in the Northern Hemisphere, a chilly -93.2 degrees Fahrenheit. This extreme reading was first detected in Greenland in 1991 and has been verified through rigorous review processes by the World Meteorological Organization.
A study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found that women receiving fertility-sparing surgery for treatment of borderline ovarian tumours were able to have children, with most preserving natural fertility. The study also showed similar survival rates as those who underwent radical surgical cancer treatment.
A Dartmouth-led study reveals that pediatric mental health boarding is a prevalent and understudied issue, affecting 40,000 to 66,000 youth admitted to hospitals each year. The research team found key risk factors for children, including age, suicidal thoughts, and seasonal hospital visits.
A new international study led by Stony Brook University explores the role of climate change and tectonics in shaping mammalian evolution in East Africa. The research team will investigate ancient climate and habitats through fossil analysis and modeling studies, shedding light on the emergence of humans and their primate ancestors.
A new app called Close2U has been developed to monitor the physical and mental health of cancer patients using gamification. The app rewards users with advice or songs for answering daily questions about their mood and pain levels, promoting motivation and continuous monitoring.
Research published by the American Psychological Association found that COVID-19 is affecting women's dreams more strongly than men's, with increased anxiety and negative emotions. The studies suggest that changes in dream frequency, tone, and content can help identify those at risk for mental health problems during the pandemic.
Researchers develop a nano-carrier for medications that can control release in diseased cells only. Synthetic DNA structures stabilize the particles and can be triggered by microRNA molecules found in cancer cells.
The TL1 program requires students to shadow physicians treating patients with diseases at the center of their research, bridging basic science and clinical cultures. This rotation provides a two-way street of education, where students learn about patient problems and bring basic science questions to address them.
Mahamadi Warma will study optimization problems and nonlocal transmission issues in fractional partial differential equations. Funding started in September 2020 and ended in May 2021.
A new study from Northwestern University found that individuals with higher conscientiousness tend to have greater cognitive resilience in older age. In contrast, those with higher neuroticism are more likely to experience worse cognitive function despite similar levels of neuropathology.
Researchers explore ascorbic acid's role in organic synthesis, revealing its potential as a catalyst for diverse reactions and its unique mechanistic pathways. This study contributes to green chemistry by demonstrating the versatility of ascorbic acid in environmentally benign processes.
Researcher Erin Lavik found that incorporating theater improvisation activities in a graduate-level thermodynamics course led to higher rates of engagement and participation. Students reported feeling more alert, engaged, and ready to participate during improv exercises.
A mobile health program has proven effective in bringing opioid addiction treatment services to marginalized individuals, particularly the homeless. The Community Care in Reach program uses a non-traditional combination of clinical care and harm reduction services, resulting in improved access to evidence-based services.
A new study found that the PLCG2-P522R genetic variant protects against Alzheimer's disease by enhancing immune cell functions, including phagocytic activity and immune response. The results highlight the importance of targeting this pathway for future therapy development.
Researchers are creating a data platform called NORPP Manager to provide public access to large-N organizational data on the nonprofit sector. The platform will fill significant data voids and enable social scientists to conduct large-scale, representative studies.
Researchers tested various mask types against expired particles, finding surgical and N95 masks block up to 90% of particles. Cloth masks, however, released a large amount of fibers into the air, emphasizing the importance of regular washing.
Berkeley Lab scientists develop a tool using machine learning algorithms to guide synthetic biology development systematically. The Automated Recommendation Tool (ART) predicts how changes in a cell's DNA or biochemistry will affect its behavior and recommends the next engineering cycle.
Tokyo Tech researchers have developed a heterogeneous ruthenium-based catalyst capable of driving direct amination of alcohols to produce primary amines without hydrogen gas. The system achieved higher yields and showed potential for reuse, making it a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method.
Scientists from Chinese and German institutions report on time-resolved measurements of lunar surface radiation, revealing an equivalent dose rate of about 60 microsieverts per hour. This poses considerable exposure for humans, highlighting the need for shielding during long-term moon stays.
A research team has cleared up 150 years of false assumptions about bird brains. The study found that avian brains are organized similarly to mammalian brains, with fibers arranged horizontally and vertically in columns.
Research finds that even low levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy can impact a child's brain development, leading to anxiety, depression, and poor attention. The study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, suggests that any alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with subtle yet significant behavioural and psyc...
Researchers at Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a new polymer electrolyte that improves the efficiency and heat-resistance of redox flow batteries. This breakthrough enables the use of renewable energy sources without significant losses or additional effort.
The National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel has expressed uncertainty about the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. The panel's analysis, published in Annals of Internal Medicine, highlights the need for more data before making recommendations on the treatment.
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba have developed a new tagging system for detecting and purifying proteins in plant cells, using a short sequence called RAP tag. The approach shows high affinity and specificity, making it a powerful tool for protein purification, particularly at low expression levels.
Researchers aim to understand online illicit sales of drugs and counterfeit pharmaceuticals by studying supply chains and payment systems. They will use rich corporate datasets to develop new models of illicit supply chains and suggest disruption strategies.
An observational study found that COVID-19 survival rates differ by race, ethnicity, and underlying health conditions among New York patients. The study accounted for other risk factors to compare case fatality rates among various ethnic groups.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a stem cell treatment that repairs Parkinson's-damaged brain circuits in mice. The treatment involves coaxing human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into dopamine-producing neurons, which then integrate into the correct regions of the brain and restore motor functions.
Research reveals two gene mutations in nicotinic receptors may confer 'protection' against cocaine addiction by modulating an early phase in the addiction cycle. The mutations reduce voluntary intake of cocaine and slow transition from first use to signs of addiction.
Researchers at George Mason University are using EUVM solar occultations to simulate Mars upper atmospheric processes. The project aims to identify the fundamental causes of observed variability driven by tides and gravity waves.
Researchers found existing CSC apps can only support five processes of a traditional exam, including establishing patient history and ordering tests. Users perceive these apps as lacking comprehensive medical history and flexible symptom input.
Researchers analyzed urine samples from 100 pregnant women to detect DINCH metabolites, finding concentrations in most samples but no evidence of hormone disruption. The study found higher concentrations in African American women compared to Caucasian women, highlighting the need for further research on potential disparities.
Materials scientists at UC San Diego create a 3D-printing method that allows for the creation of shapes with varying degrees of stiffness and actuation. The breakthrough enables the manufacture of soft robots, artificial muscles, and wearable devices with improved properties.
Researchers have created ultrapotent compounds to treat Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in the US. The compounds show significant advantages over current antibiotics, including minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 0.003 μg/mL and improved prevention of recurrence.
A study found that SARS-CoV-2 emergence was associated with a significant decrease in the circulation of other common respiratory viruses. Patients with COVID-19 had worse clinical outcomes and were more likely to develop pneumonia compared to those with co-infections.
Researchers at UNSW Science discovered a new molecular pathway that controls Shiga toxin production in E. coli, which could lead to the development of drugs suppressing toxin production during infections. The study's findings provide a potential breakthrough for treating severe E. coli infections.
Scientists at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified CDR1as, a circular RNA, as a key player in driving metastasis in lung squamous cell cancer. By targeting this molecule, researchers believe it may be possible to develop new treatments with fewer side effects.
A systematic review and meta-analysis compared the susceptibility to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children and adolescents. The study highlights differences in susceptibility between age groups, with varying levels of protection against severe illness.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports has found that Y chromosome genes may regulate cellular functions differently than previously thought, potentially explaining why men are more susceptible to certain diseases like Covid-19. The discovery could also provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of male health disparities.
Researchers developed a new technology called PLUS to produce high-resolution 3D images of defects in metallic structures. This innovation uses non-destructive techniques to study structural integrity and identify potential flaws.
A new international study found that ECMO significantly improves survival rates for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The study analyzed data from over 200 hospitals worldwide and showed that ECMO can be a life-saving option for those who are failing ventilators and other care.
This observational study examines survival rates and chemotherapy use before surgery in US women with advanced ovarian cancer between 2004-2016. The study found improvements in treatment and survival rates over time, with more patients receiving chemotherapy before surgery.
Researchers are advancing decadal predictions by applying a multivariate statistical framework to climate models. They aim to improve understanding of climate variability and predictability.
Non-COVID-19 hospital admissions fell by 43% in April 2020 and made only a partial rebound of 16% below pre-pandemic baseline volume by late June/July 2020. Patients from majority-Hispanic neighborhoods had lower non-COVID-19 admissions, with declines exceeding 32% below baseline for certain diseases.
The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture has been chosen to coordinate a regional effort to address farmer and rancher stress in the South. The three-year project aims to provide stress management assistance for people in farming, ranching, and other agriculture-related occupations as well as their families.
A team of researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and University of Texas Medical Branch has developed a method to disinfect N95 masks using moderate heat and high relative humidity. This process extends the ability to reuse masks, potentially reducing shortages, and can also be used to decontaminate other viruses.
A multidisciplinary research team led by Columbia University is developing a quantum simulator to tackle real-world challenges. The project, funded by a $1 million NSF Convergence Accelerator award, aims to create a device that can solve problems difficult for classical computers.
A study found that adherence to infection control processes, including proper wearing of PPE and cohorting strategies, was significantly associated with declines in weekly infection and mortality rates. The Massachusetts COVID-19 response in nursing homes helped stem the rate of infection among vulnerable residents through a state-wide...
A cocktail of powerful antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients locks down the infection machinery, preventing the virus from entering cells. The antibodies protect hamsters from infection when exposed to the coronavirus, also setting off the infection-fighting actions of other immune cells.
A study finds that criticism of COVID-19 models by Democratic elites undermines public support for the models and science more broadly. Republicans have little impact on public attitudes towards models. Scientists should acknowledge model uncertainty and convey what is known about the virus to build trust.
The study proposes a mathematical model to understand the interactions between microorganisms within hosts and their transmission ability. The framework allows for the prediction of infection trajectories in single hosts and transmission in host populations, even considering complex interactions and stochasticity.
Reusing tableware can significantly reduce plastic waste and emissions from online food deliveries. Silicone reusable tableware offers a promising solution, reducing waste by up to 92% and environmental emissions by more than two-thirds.
Marine heatwaves have increased significantly due to global warming, with major events becoming more frequent and prolonged. The probability of such events has risen massively, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems and their ability to recover.
A multisite clinical trial found that 3D printed nasal swabs work as well as commercial synthetic flocked nasal swabs for accurate detection of COVID-19 infection. The cost-effective devices were developed in record time and have been used in 22 countries.
Researchers develop prediction models for spinach quality and safety using portable NIRS sensors, offering a fast, accurate, environmentally friendly, affordable and non-destructive solution. This technology has the potential to revolutionize quality control systems in the food industry.
Researchers have advanced studies on galaxy formation, revealing the role of massive clumps in scattering stars and creating smooth galaxy disks. The models show that this process is robust and universal, applying to many types of galaxies.
A study of tree rings from Norilsk, Russia has shown that industrial pollution in the Arctic region has a far greater impact than previously thought. The research reveals widespread damage to the boreal forest, with declining tree growth affecting carbon sequestration and global climate.