A machine learning system has been developed that can predict the development of Bipolar Disorder up to 4 years before onset in young people. The system identified risk factors such as suicidal tendencies and financial problems, allowing doctors to take preventative measures.
Researchers have developed a painless and biodegradable patch using microneedles to diagnose conditions like prediabetes. The patch combines porous microneedles with paper-based sensors for accurate glucose monitoring.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new material that can detect toxic gases with high sensitivity. The single-atom thin platinum layer interacts significantly with its chemical environment, making it suitable for ultra-sensitive detection.
Researchers developed a computational model to simulate the micromechanical behavior of dried plant cells, providing insight into improving design of industrial machinery for food drying processes. The study also highlights implications for moving beyond plant cells to biomedical and human cosmetic applications.
A new study found that DUI arrest rates in California increase as distance to the southern border decreases, likely due to greater availability of alcohol. The study also reveals sociodemographic factors contributing to higher DUI rates, including Hispanic population density and age groups.
Researchers found that true forecast track error increases exponentially with lead time, implying dynamics of TC motions are linear and model-induced errors in TC position forecasts are minimal. The team's 4-parameter error model indicates potential extension of predictability limit beyond 6/8 days in 10/30 years' time.
More than one quarter of asthma patients were prescribed excessive amounts of steroid tablets, posing a risk of serious side effects. Researchers recommend using preventer inhalers as the best way to avoid or minimize steroid use and its associated risks.
Researchers uncover the production of nitric oxide by methane-eating microbes when they co-metabolize ammonia, a process previously thought to be toxic. This finding has significant implications for understanding the survival and growth of methanotrophs in environments with increasing fertilizer input.
Researchers discovered that monitoring brainwaves during REM sleep can predict which patients will respond to antidepressants, allowing for earlier treatment changes and improved outcomes. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating depression, particularly for those at risk of suicide.
Researchers found that Nicotiana promotes tissue adhesion and maintains grafts with a broad range of species. The study successfully grafted a tomato scion onto a Florist's daisy rootstock, producing a small fruit.
Researchers found exposure to warmer temperatures improves bone strength, preventing bone density loss typical of osteoporosis. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in this phenomenon, adapting to heat by disrupting polyamine synthesis and degradation, which affects osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Dipanjan Pan and collaborators have developed a novel method to synthesize plasmonic gold nanoparticles within cancer cells, eliminating the need for traditional laboratory methods. The approach has potential applications in x-ray imaging and therapy, with possibilities for targeted drug delivery.
A study led by the University of Basel found that over 50% of global phosphorus loss in agriculture is due to soil erosion. The researchers mapped phosphorus content in soils and correlated it with local erosion rates, revealing the greatest losses in Africa and Eastern Europe.
Researchers have identified a uniform genetic mechanism controlling seed position in plant pods, regardless of environmental factors. The study found that a specific peptide pair coordinates ovule initiation patterns with seed number and fruit size, leading to even spacing and optimal growth.
Researchers at George Mason University are developing a senior-year capstone course and summer clinical immersion program to integrate nursing and health informatics students into Bioengineering Design teams. The program aims to apply the new curriculum in real-world clinical contexts, addressing newly identified clinical needs.
Researchers found climate change impacts parasitoid wasps and flies, altering ratios between warm- and cold-adapted species. This study provides insights into how global warming affects ecosystems, increasing understanding of ecology and potential solutions.
A new study published in Hepatology has identified a gene, Fas Associated Factor Family Member 2 (FAF2), that may reduce the risk of developing alcoholic cirrhosis. The researchers found that this gene is involved in lipid droplet organization pathway and is linked to other genes that increase the likelihood of liver disease.
A pilot study found that measuring 24-hour heart rate can reliably indicate whether someone is depressed, providing an early warning and rapid indication of treatment effectiveness. The study also identified a link between heart rate variability and response to ketamine treatment.
Researchers found genetic variation in DDX1 associated with increased expression and poor survival in neuroblastoma. The MAX protein binds to the DDX1 promoter, influencing MYCN-related variants' impact on neuroblastoma risk.
Warmer temperatures cause Arctic plants to compete for pollinators, with the most attractive species monopolizing services. Researchers found that Avens and Moss Campion experience altered flowering periods due to temperature changes, impacting competition and pollination success.
Researchers found that middle-aged individuals have different H3N2 flu virus antibody specificities, which can leave them more susceptible to infection. Early childhood infections can elicit strong, long-lasting memory immune responses, but these may not be effective against newer strains of the virus.
A study has discovered that unglazed ceramic cookware can retain the residue of not just the last meal cooked, but potentially earlier dishes, allowing for the reconstruction of ancient recipes. The research team analyzed chemical compounds adhering to and absorbed by the earthenware in which they were prepared.
A recent observational study found that US veterans who transitioned from active military service to civilian life were at a higher risk of suicide, with depression and PTSD being key factors. The study also identified other demographic and military service characteristics associated with increased suicide risk.
The 'Barcoding Galapagos' scheme trains naturalist guides to survey wildlife and plants using genetic techniques, providing an alternative income source for a population reliant on eco-tourism. The project aims to fill gaps in biological knowledge of the islands and lessen the impact of illegal harvesting.
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated public health-related inequities among people of color in the US, particularly in NYC. A tracking survey revealed disparities in access to healthcare, employment, housing, food, and education among Black and Latinx New Yorkers.
A team of researchers from Arizona State University and the University of Chicago found that carbon-rich exoplanets could convert to diamond and silicate under high heat and pressure. However, these planets are unlikely to be habitable due to their geological inactivity.
A central neural circuit in the forebrain to the hypothalamus mediates chronic stress-induced bone loss via the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Isolation significantly increases anxiety levels, inducing bone loss in human subjects.
The virtual ACS Clinical Congress 2020 features hundreds of new research findings, contemporary topics in surgery, and a digital approach with live and on-demand sessions. Journalists can apply for press credentials to cover the event from remote locations.
Cuttlebone's unique chambered 'wall-septa' design optimizes weight, stiffness, and damage tolerance, allowing for controlled failure and energy absorption. The structure's wavy walls induce fractures at the middle of walls, limiting external impact.
Between 2000 and 2017, the US experienced a significant increase in premature deaths due to drug poisonings, suicide, and alcohol-induced causes. The study found that geographic areas and demographic characteristics played a crucial role in understanding these changes.
Researchers develop novel approach for efficient generation of coherent vibrations using semiconductor structures. The phonon laser operates in the tens of GHz range and is based on Einstein's predictions for Bose-Einstein condensates of coupled light-matter particles.
A massive-scale genotyping and diversity analysis of wheat has identified untapped valuable variation for breeding high-yielding, resilient and nutritious varieties. The study found that relatively little of the genetic diversity available in landraces has been used in modern breeding.
Researchers from Osaka City University developed a microscope-based thermometer that uses quantum technology to detect temperature changes in live, microscopic animals. The thermometry algorithm successfully tracked temperature fluctuations in C. elegans nematode worms after inducing a fever by stimulating their mitochondria.
Scientists developed a novel colorimetric sensor using genetically engineered viruses to detect airborne chemicals, showing practical applicability. The sensor's high sensitivity and mass-producibility hold promise for various real-life applications, including detecting harmful industrial chemicals and assessing air quality.
A Harvard team has successfully cooled a six-atom molecule to just above absolute zero using laser light, marking the first time such a complex molecule has been achieved. The breakthrough opens up new avenues of study in quantum simulation and computation, particle physics, and quantum chemistry.
A UC study found that steelhead migration in California's Santa Clara River is triggered by the lengthening daylight of spring, not recent rains. The study recommends limiting water extraction during migration months to allow late migrating fish to return upstream.
A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that mothers' ability to cope with stress during pregnancy is positively correlated with their children's telomere length. This suggests that maternal psychological resilience may have a protective effect on child development and lifelong health.
Researchers at Yale have identified a possible treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by targeting the 'undruggable' enzyme MKP5. The team found that a compound blocking the enzyme's activity in muscle cells suggests a promising new therapeutic strategy for treating DMD.
Researchers found that Brat tumors in Drosophila are highly oxidative, with increased oxygen consumption rates compared to normal brains. Oxidative metabolism plays a key role in tumor cell immortalization, driven by mitochondrial fusion and increased efficiency in oxidative phosphorylation.
Researchers at Université catholique de Louvain have discovered a molecule that blocks immune responses in cancer patients, and are now developing an immunotherapy to neutralize it. The treatment combines anti-GARP antibodies with another proven approach to increase effectiveness in fighting cancer.
Wildfires have ravaged western states, with over 3.1 million acres burned in California alone. Climate experts blame drought, heat, and strong winds for the disaster.
Researchers at the University of Turku developed a rapid point-of-care diagnostic test to detect ovarian cancer from blood samples in 30 minutes. The new test shows improved sensitivity and accuracy compared to conventional CA125 diagnostics.
A study led by King's College London found that pregnant women with obesity who received a diet and exercise intervention showed improved cardiovascular function in their children at three years old. Mothers also maintained healthier diets three years after delivery.
A new study by Yale astrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan and colleagues found that the smaller dollops of dark matter associated with cluster galaxies are significantly more concentrated than predicted by theorists. The discovery implies a possible gap in scientists' understanding of dark matter.
A team of scientists has developed LAMDA, a compact lab-on-paper strip that can diagnose mosquito-borne diseases in under an hour. The device uses Loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect viral RNA and has great potential for resource-limited clinics and point-of-care diagnostics.
Tropical Storm Paulette's unique shape is attributed to the strong southwesterly wind shear affecting it and its companion storm, Rene. Infrared imagery reveals powerful thunderstorms with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
A Northwestern University study has identified the specific regions of brain tissue where a key gene named aromatase regulates male sexual behavior in mice. Aromatase converts testosterone to estrogen, driving male sexual activity. The discovery could lead to new treatments for disorders of low and compulsive sexual desire.
The Texas Heart Institute will develop the first fully implantable circulatory support device for pediatric patients, aiming to stop advanced heart failure progression. Led by Dr. O.H. Frazier, the team will conduct preclinical studies and collaborate with international consultants.
This observational study investigated psychological symptoms, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation among Chinese primary school students before the COVID-19 outbreak and two weeks after school reopening. The results showed significant changes in mental health outcomes during this period.
A team led by Michigan State University is developing diamond devices to monitor brain biochemistry for early warning signs of Parkinson's disease. The devices aim to detect low levels of dopamine, a chemical neurons use to communicate, and could potentially treat the disease earlier.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered that HIF-1α is linked to aggressive tumors, metastasis, and poor patient survival, while HIF-2α is associated with less aggressive tumors and better outcomes. The study suggests a potential new paradigm for understanding kidney cancer.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed an antibody test for COVID-19 that is highly accurate and can handle a large number of donor samples. The test measures antibodies against specific proteins on the virus's spike protein and has been shown to be comparable to the gold standard of antibody testing.
The rapid expansion of COVID-19 research has led to an infodemic in scientific literature, underscoring the need for more accessible and transparent research publication. Experts propose combining human expertise with AI to summarize and collect research, while curating findings to ensure relevant and reliable information.
Tropical cyclones affected by wind shear can appear less than round, with outside winds pushing clouds and rain to one side. Infrared data reveals cold cloud top temperatures indicating heavy rain potential
Researchers from Stanford University and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health propose a new method to accurately estimate COVID-19 mortality rates by measuring direct, indirect, and excess deaths. This approach could provide a more accurate picture of the pandemic's impact on human life.
A mother's high-fat diet during pregnancy may alter the taste buds of her offspring, leading to a greater attraction to unhealthy food and obesity in adulthood. The study found that adult progeny fed with such a diet had more sweet-taste receptors inside their taste buds.
A new study reveals that more than 90% of protected areas are isolated from each other due to human activities. This disconnects species from their habitats, making it difficult for them to migrate, escape danger, or track preferred microclimates under climate change.
Researchers found that a genetic mutation in SIDT1 protein reduces the absorption of MIR2911, a key component in SARS-CoV-2 treatment, leading to reduced antiviral effects. People carrying this mutation had lower serum levels and exosome levels of MIR2911 compared to those without the mutation.
Scientists at Cornell University's veterinary college have identified the genetic drivers of ovarian cancer, a deadly disease that kills more women than any other cancer. The study reveals that ovarian surface stem cells are more susceptible to mutations, while certain genes can inhibit cancer initiation.
Shengfeng Cheng aims to control the movement and distribution of substances dissolved into a solvent as a solution is dried. His research could lead to new methods of fabricating particulate materials, such as thin film coatings and drug-loaded particles.