Researchers identified a time delay in the production of an inhibitory factor that triggers cell refractoriness to interferon treatments, suggesting strategies for enhanced therapeutic response rates.
Research by Hokkaido University scientists finds that warming waters and sea ice-free conditions in the Pacific Arctic will lead to significant changes in marine community compositions. Larger fish and invertebrates are expected to expand their ranges towards the pole, altering ecosystem structure and functions.
Lithium-rich oxides offer a promising solution for more sustainable and cost-effective batteries, made predominantly of Earth-abundant elements like manganese. The discovery reveals that the movement of elements other than oxygen is the primary cause of energy inefficiency in these materials.
A UC Riverside-led study found that the drug tofacitinib can repair permeability defects in the intestine caused by overactive immune cells. The study suggests that patients with a specific gene mutation may have a better response to this drug, improving targeting of treatments.
Key findings from TropMed20 include new research on climate-related health impacts, such as increased tick bites and fetal health risks. The conference also addresses racism in tropical medicine and explores the potential of monoclonal antibodies to combat diseases like COVID-19 and malaria.
Researchers found a connection between amino acid metabolism and joint hypermobility in autistic children, with increased levels of hydroxyproline linked to joint issues. The study suggests that amino acid balance may be an additional tool for ASD therapy.
A portable device has been created to mimic the placenta's oxygenation role for pre-term newborns in respiratory distress. The artificial lung uses a fine membrane to release carbon dioxide and uptake oxygen while protecting blood from infection, improving survival rates and reducing brain damage.
Scientists at Boston University's NEIDL and CReM developed living human lung cells from stem cells to study COVID-19's impact on the lungs. They found that NFkB pathway activation triggers deadly levels of lung inflammation, leading to a search for new therapeutics.
A new study sequenced the genomes of two millipede species, revealing vast differences in genome size due to unique gene structures. The research also identified genes involved in toxic secretion, supporting the idea that ozadene gland secretions protect against microbes and predators.
Researchers developed a novel method to generate variable low-noise microwaves using an optical microresonator frequency comb and a compact laser. The approach allows for significant frequency tunability and improved phase-noise levels compared to traditional methods.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed a prototype vascular graft that combines synthetic fibers and collagen filaments to aid in regeneration of the coronary artery lining. The design showed improved strength, flexibility, and biological response compared to previous models.
Researchers developed a machine learning technique that rapidly discovered rules governing catalysts, which took humans years of difficult calculations to reveal. The team believes this will enable faster progress in designing materials for various purposes.
The new membraneless fuel cell, developed by INRS researchers, powers an LED for four hours using only 234 microlitres of methanol. The device uses selective electrodes to minimize crossover and can be optimized to use ethanol, a greener fuel.
Researchers found that spreading volcanic ash from a ship to an area of ocean floor could sequester up to 2300 tonnes of CO2, significantly cheaper than other methods. The technique is less invasive and doesn't require expensive technology or land repurposing.
Researchers discovered that nasal administration of physiological salts can effectively eliminate airborne particles from airways, reducing exhaled aerosol particles by up to 99%. The study showed significant reductions in sub-micron aerosol particles, suggesting a potential addition to Covid-19 hygiene protocols.
West Virginia University engineers have developed a new low-cost process to convert natural gas flared at industrial sites into high-value solid carbon and hydrogen. The $3 million DOE award aims to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions from shale gas production, benefiting various industries and the economy.
The SPARC project has published seven research papers outlining the physics behind the ambitious reactor design, with calculations suggesting a Q ratio of 10 or more. The device aims to achieve a 'burning plasma,' a self-sustaining fusion reaction, which is crucial for developing practical power-generating plants.
Researchers developed a new model that describes driving behavior based on a 'human' principle: managing risk below a threshold level. The model can accurately predict human behavior in various driving tasks and may be used in intelligent cars to reduce their 'robotic' feel.
Researchers developed a deep-learning model that uses big data and artificial intelligence to predict future COVID-19 case growth. The model accounts for features such as mobility, population activities, and social demographics, achieving 64% accuracy in predicting cases.
A deep learning model can quickly identify large vessel occlusions, which account for a significant proportion of ischemic strokes. The algorithm's sensitivity was found to be 100%, outperforming single-phase CTA in detecting these critical blockages.
A new Canadian study found that girls who participate in school sports activities during middle childhood show improved behaviour and attentiveness in early adolescence. The study, led by Linda Pagani, suggests that extracurricular sports can be a positive approach to promote psychological well-being and reduce ADHD symptoms in girls.
A survey study explores public preferences for COVID-19 vaccine allocation. The results show that most people prioritize vaccine distribution to high-risk groups, including seniors and individuals with chronic health conditions. This preference is expected to influence healthcare policy decisions.
A new computer modelling study suggests that simple interactions between nerve cells contribute to the development of complex brain circuits, making a precise genetic blueprint unnecessary. The findings help answer how the brain wires itself during development and may inform new ways to treat conditions that disrupt brain circuits.
Scientists at University of Bath and UCB biopharma company produce miniaturized antibodies up to five times smaller than regular ones. These tiny antibodies may bind to sites on pathogens that larger antibodies can't, offering a potential new class of treatments.
A phase 3 clinical trial found that ipilimumab improved progression-free survival by two to three times in patients with metastasized, castration-resistant prostate cancer. The treatment also showed overall survival benefits compared to the placebo arm.
A team of researchers developed a cooperative adaptive cruise control model that uses streaming data to predict the driving states of preceding vehicles, reducing congestion and traffic accidents. The model can be tested using actual connected, autonomous vehicles and could create a safer future for everyone sharing the road.
A Rutgers-led study reveals that small water droplets on plant leaves are rich in carbohydrates and proteins, essential for insect survival. This discovery has profound implications for the conservation of beneficial insects and could reduce pest problems in various crops.
A study found that non-driving-related license suspensions are given to over 90% of drivers in New Jersey, affecting low-income neighborhoods and communities of color. These suspensions disproportionately limit access to employment and healthcare, with failure to pay fines being the most common reason.
Researchers at Colorado State University developed a decision support prototype to help fire managers tailor suppression responses to local conditions. The tool addresses complexities by organizing information on ecological, social, and policy factors.
Researchers discovered a link between gene mutations in SCN2B and SCN4B genes and cardiac arrhythmias. The study sheds light on the role of sodium V channels in maintaining heart function and may lead to new treatments for cardiac syndromes.
University students increased mobile phone use by 50% during lockdown, leading to decreased physical activity and worsened sleep quality. The study highlights the need for behavioural changes to reduce sedentary lifestyle and improve population health.
Researchers at Penn University found that autophagy, a cellular process, causes SIRT1 enzyme to degrade over time. Treating mice with an autophagy inhibitor restored SIRT1 levels, suggesting a new approach to treating age-related diseases.
Researchers from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University successfully created silver nanoparticles in an ion-exchanged glass using infrared nanosecond laser pulses. The nanoparticles demonstrate surface plasmon resonance, enabling signal enhancement of up to 10^6 times in Raman spectroscopy.
A new study published in Frontiers In Oncology found a negative association between beta-blocker use and survival outcomes in patients with HER2 positive advanced breast cancer. The research highlights a subgroup of patients whose survival outcomes are poorer and calls for further investigation to improve treatment outcomes.
A study found that FDA evaluations for new opioid drugs approved between 1997 and 2018 lacked systematic assessments of safety-related outcomes, particularly for chronic pain applications. The analysis revealed that trials often excluded patients who could not tolerate the drugs and failed to assess important adverse events.
Researchers at University of Würzburg developed a drug that can disarm Aurora-A kinase, a protein that causes extensive damage in cancers like leukemias and neuroblastomas. The new PROTAC substance completely degrades the Aurora protein in cancer cells, leading to cell death.
Researchers analyzed gene expression in liver, heart, and muscle tissues of aging mice to define an 'aging footprint.' This data helped identify genes and proteins controlling the aging process, which may also be relevant in human aging. The study's findings have implications for understanding age-related diseases.
Research reveals that older adults are less able to regulate body temperature and hydration during exercise in hot environments due to decreased sensitivity to elevated blood osmolality. This can lead to increased risk of heat-related injuries and adverse heart problems, highlighting the importance of staying hydrated.
Researchers found that dietary fiber-derived fatty acids activate macrophage activity against Salmonella infection by binding to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), triggering inflammasome activation. This new mechanism provides insights into the effects of dietary fiber on the immune system.
A study from the University of Queensland found that a gene controlling inflammation increases the risk of obesity. Researchers discovered that variations in this gene lead to excessive inflammation in fat tissue, contributing to weight gain. By turning off the gene in mice, they were able to prevent weight gain and reduce diabetes risk
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology developed a novel immunotherapy platform called imuGlue, which connects mussel adhesive proteins to antibodies used in immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A team of researchers has applied their model to the emergence of Southeast Asia, finding that volcanic rock provinces in the tropics are a major factor in determining CO2 levels. This discovery sheds light on our current climate crisis and provides insights into how geological processes can help mitigate its effects.
A new study suggests that high fructose intake exacerbates intestinal inflammation common to IBD, potentially worsening the condition for patients. Researchers found that a western diet, including fructose, is associated with increasing rates of obesity and diabetes, which may further increase IBD risk.
A team of scientists from Far Eastern Federal University and their colleagues developed a way to hydrogenate thin metallic glass layers at room temperature, which can expand the range of cheap, energy-efficient materials for hydrogen energy. Metallic glass has potential to replace expensive palladium in hydrogen systems.
A new study shows that clean air is achievable globally with policy interventions in multiple sectors, including environmental policies, energy and climate policies, and agricultural production system transformation. The required measures would also contribute to sustainable development and human development goals.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have made a groundbreaking discovery about organoids, stem cell-based tissue surrogates that mimic organs. The team found that organoids on the edges of an extracellular matrix dome respond differently to stimuli compared to those in the center, potentially leading to misleading results.
Researchers found that working memory is not confined to one brain area but requires synchronous activity of at least two regions. Gpr12 receptors in the thalamus are essential for establishing synchrony between the prefrontal cortex and other brain areas, leading to improved working memory performance.
Researchers from KAUST analyzed fonio millet genomes to identify genes that could lead to higher yields and larger grains. The study found two genes, DeGs5-3A and DeSh1-9A, which were artificially selected for their larger grain size.
A study found that tundra vegetation regenerated rapidly after a major landslide event, but took decades to recover. High-resolution satellite data revealed small changes in land cover and permafrost thawing.
Researchers at University of Missouri are developing an AI-powered detection system to identify and prevent deepfakes. The system will learn from a small number of examples and self-evolve to detect evolving techniques, providing real-time alerts to smartphone users.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology have found that surplus sugar from honeydew secretions by whiteflies is used to detoxify plant toxins. The discovery of a novel glucosylation pathway reveals how whiteflies prevent activation of mustard oil bomb in cruciferous plants.
A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer may be spared radiotherapy following surgery. The authors recommend closely following patients after surgery and offering radiotherapy only if the cancer recurs. This approach may spare many men from radiotherapy's associate...
A new study found 2085 excess deaths due to heart disease and stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. The excess deaths were largely caused by people not seeking emergency hospital treatment, either due to fear of infection or concern about overwhelming the NHS.
A research team led by Steven Emslie discovered an ancient Adélie penguin colony at Cape Irizar, Antarctica, which has been preserved for thousands of years under the ice. The study found three occupation periods of the cape, with the last one ending around 800 years ago.
Researchers reveal modern human presence in central Portugal at least 41,100 years ago, contradicting previous timing. The findings suggest a rapid spread into southern Europe after arrival in northern Iberia, with Neanderthal populations dwindling due to environmental factors.
A new study finds that regular use of acid reflux drugs is associated with a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The longer these drugs are taken, the greater the risk seems to be, prompting researchers to advise blood glucose check-ups for long-term users.
Scientists created a new type of fabric that can change shape and support loads, using heat-responsive alloy, stiff composite fibers, and conductive ink. The robotic fabric was used to make a tourniquet and napkin-sized sheet that can fold into a box supporting up to 50g of weight.
A recent study highlights the prevalence of malnutrition among overweight or obese individuals, which can lead to serious health conditions. Physicians are urging clinicians to recognize the importance of nutritional screening and counseling in patients with increased body mass index.
Researchers have designed a synthetic molecule that mimics the function of zaxinone, a natural growth-promoting plant metabolite, to improve root growth and limit Striga infestation in rice plants. The new molecule, MiZax3, has shown excellent activity and stability, with two mimics performing even better than zaxinone itself.
Recent advances in nonhormone therapy provide women with more options for managing hot flashes. The new treatments target the KNDy neuron complex, which is activated during menopause, resulting in hot flashes. These innovations include drugs developed for pain control and mood disorders acting via KNDy.