Researchers reconstructed Oligocene sea surface temperatures and found a warm global climate despite low atmospheric CO2 levels. The findings challenge existing understanding of greenhouse climates in the past and shed light on Earth's surface temperature evolution.
A team at KAIST developed an E. coli strain that can grow up to 11-fold higher cell density using CO2 and formic acid as sole carbon sources. The engineered strain shows promise for producing chemicals from these carbon sources, a crucial step forward in biorefinery production.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in children's sleep schedules. Experts from the University of Florida College of Medicine have identified key strategies for parents to help their children adjust to new routines.
Research at University of Melbourne found that low doses of Imidacloprid trigger neurodegeneration, disrupting energy production, vision, movement, and immune function in vinegar flies. Even small exposure can lead to blindness and movement problems.
A new study found that the Affordable Care Act reduced burdensome out-of-pocket healthcare costs for low- and middle-income families with children, from 35.6% to 23.7% and 24.6% to 17.3%, respectively. Despite this improvement, these families still face significant financial burdens.
As temperatures rise, tree swallow populations are shifting their egg-laying dates forward by up to 13 days. This shift is linked to increased risk of mass chick mortality due to reduced aerial insect availability during cold snaps, highlighting the complex impacts of climate change on animal life cycles.
A team led by UC Riverside scientists determines that matter makes up 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe. The researchers used a novel method to measure the mass of galaxy clusters, finding a best combined value of 31.5±1.3%.
A new ATR inhibitor, BAY1895344, showed promising clinical benefits in a phase I trial for patients with advanced solid tumours and defects in genes that coordinate DNA repair. The drug was well-tolerated and stopped tumour growth in over half of patients.
Despite high hopes, the Amazon's regrowing forests have been found to absorb less than 10% of the carbon dioxide released from widespread deforestation. Secondary forests, which form a key part of climate policies, are also subject to repeated deforestation, limiting their effectiveness as carbon stores.
The desert locust's two internal compasses rely on the sun's position and sky polarization patterns. The protocerebral bridge in the central complex encodes 360 degrees of space, enabling navigation based on combined cues from the sky.
A recent study found that COVID-19-related interruptions in rehabilitation care for women with breast cancer led to increased emotional distress and reduced physical activity. The study, published in Rehabilitation Oncology, surveyed 15 breast cancer survivors who experienced cancelled appointments due to the pandemic.
A new study reveals that bees use a strategy of analyzing statistical properties to identify underlying structure, similar to deep learning in AI. This discovery suggests universality and efficiency in automatic statistical learning, inspiring improvements in AI.
An automated assessment approach using machine learning algorithms identifies over 4,300 potentially threatened orchid species, highlighting conservation priority areas such as Madagascar, East Africa, and South-east Asia.
For over two decades, the FDA has approved new opioids based on studies lacking critical safety and efficacy data. The agency's regulatory activities have been scrutinized due to the role prescription opioids played in driving the opioid epidemic.
A recent study found that preventing coronary heart disease could save nearly $15 billion in GDP due to increased productivity and reduced absenteeism. The study also estimated that preventing just 10% of future cases would result in $1.5 billion in monetary gains
Research reveals genetic differences in fat storage and formation affecting disease susceptibility in men and women. Six genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets for distinct outcomes in each sex.
A Canadian study of over 290,000 children found that those exposed to diabetes in the womb had a 50-200% higher risk of developing heart disease before age 35. The study also discovered that these children were more likely to develop high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed the Brain Age Index (BAI), a model that estimates brain aging through sleep data and electrical measurements during sleep. The BAI showed promise as a marker of dementia, correlating with neuropsychiatric scores from standard cognitive assessments.
A study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers has identified a cellular pathway that can be targeted with a naturally occurring drug to stimulate lung tissue regeneration. The findings could lead to better therapies for patients with lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19.
A new crystal model system accurately identifies catalytic active sites in electrocatalysis, revealing pyridine N as a suitable active site for CO2 reduction. The study provides significant insights into the reaction mechanism and catalyst performance.
Researchers identified novel targets and functions of PdhR, a pyruvate-sensing protein, in E. coli including regulation of bacterial movement and fatty acid degradation. The study expanded the role of PdhR beyond known pathways, providing insights into E. coli metabolism and potential applications for bioengineering.
Researchers found that burned organic matter in sediments ejected from the Chicxulub impact crater likely contributed to the mass extinction event. The analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) suggests a fossil source origin and rapid heating, consistent with rock material ejected during the asteroid impact.
Two important breakthroughs will be presented by Institute of Myology experts: a new genetic diagnosis for myopathy triggered by specific mutations, and an MRI study identifying spinal cord degeneration in ALS and FTD patients. The Muscle Atlas database will accelerate research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have discovered a large family of 2D ferroelectric metals using machine learning, finding 60 stable materials with unique properties. The discovery could lead to new applications in magnetoelectric and magnetostrictive devices.
A randomized clinical trial found that restricting daily eating to between 12 pm and 8 pm resulted in significant weight loss among participants. The study also showed improvements in metabolic markers, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity.
Researchers discovered a topological change in viscous fingering, driven by partially miscible liquids, which was not previously seen. This phenomenon has significant implications for understanding fluid displacement in porous media and processes such as oil recovery and CO2 sequestration.
Researchers found that countries with more agreeable and conscientious populations tend to be more compliant with mobility restrictions. In contrast, societies with higher openness and extraversion exhibit counter-compliant behavior, displaying increased mobility despite restrictions.
A case series report found that prone positioning can help normalize electrocardiogram (ECG) readings in patients with COVID-19. The study presented a woman with comorbidities and shortness of breath, whose ECG improved after being placed in the prone position.
Researchers discover that hair follicle stem cells can prolong their life by switching metabolic state in response to low oxygen concentration, preventing age-induced hair loss. The team identified Rictor signaling as crucial for this process, which involves a shift from glutamine metabolism to glycolysis.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed an AI tool that can efficiently recognize neurons in microscope images, significantly improving the accuracy of automated tracing and analysis. This breakthrough aims to untangle the mysteries of brain connectivity and enable humans to think about how brains work.
A machine learning-based strategy developed by Prof. LI Xianfeng's team can predict VFB stack performance and cost with high accuracy. The strategy improves efficiency, reduces research time, and provides guidance for VFB development.
Researchers found that people with a genetic deletion syndrome are more excitable and experience abnormalities in calcium signaling, leading to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. The study identified a single gene, DGCR8, as the main player in these cellular defects.
Domestication led to reduced genetic diversity and elimination of beneficial traits like robustness in drought stress and resistance to pathogens. The study identified key genes and metabolites influencing fruit quality, including health-promoting flavonoids and defensive compounds.
MarrowQuant, a new digital pathology software, can quantify bone marrow components in histological images without bias. The tool builds maps based on values to complement images, potentially re-examining historical sample collections and old clinical trials.
A new study from Boston University School of Medicine found that an alpha adrenoceptor blocker may treat salt-sensitive hypertension by reducing a kidney mechanism that reabsorbs salt. This approach shows promise in treating high blood pressure associated with dietary salt intake.
Researchers from Princeton will help lead a project to simulate the nation's natural groundwater system using artificial intelligence, improving hydrologic forecasting and water management. The project combines data science, machine learning, and hydrology to predict how much groundwater is available and its impact on extreme events.
Researchers have designed a multifunctional cell therapy system to treat ulcerative colitis, with encouraging results obtained in animal models. The system incorporates stem cells, biomaterials, and microparticles that release interferon, aiming to improve cell persistence and biosafety.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified four new species of parasitic, cockroach-killing ensign wasps that became trapped in tree resin and fossilized into amber 25 million years ago. The discovery reveals the wasps' long history of controlling cockroach populations and sheds light on their behavior.
Researchers found that tobacco companies use cash payments, holidays, and events to incentivize retailers to promote their products, reaching consumers indirectly. The study calls for strengthened laws to prohibit all marketing of tobacco products, with no contributions allowed.
The FoodLAND project is developing innovations for local agriculture and aquaculture development in six African countries, aiming to strengthen agro-biodiversity and healthy diets. The project will create a network of 14 local Food Hubs to mobilise actors in rural and urban communities, testing and introducing technological innovations.
Researchers at the University of Maryland discovered how Zika virus hijacks cellular machinery to break down KPNA2 protein, essential for neural development and communication. This process, known as autophagy, may lead to neurological or brain deficiencies in newborns born to infected pregnant women.
Scientists have deciphered two axes of brain organization, mainly determined by genetic factors, which reflect functional hierarchies from basic capabilities to complex skills. These findings provide insight into the evolution of brain structure and its relationship with genetic and environmental factors.
Scientists discovered a key transcription factor regulating T cell survival and immunological memory. Overexpressing this factor in CAR-T cells improved therapy efficiency for cancer treatments. Improved therapies could benefit patients with B cell lymphoma and other diseases.
A landmark discovery at New York University has developed a method to create colloids that crystallize into the diamond lattice, enabling cheap and reliable fabrication of 3D photonic crystals for optical circuits. This breakthrough could lead to lightweight high-efficiency lasers, precise light control, and new materials for managing ...
Researchers discovered the mechanism of an enzyme called F420-oxidase that converts oxygen into water, allowing methanogens to thrive in oxygen-free environments. The enzyme uses a gas channel and gating system to control the reaction, preventing oxygen from being transformed into superoxide.
Researchers have developed a wearable device that monitors sweat for key biomarkers associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which could indicate flare-ups. The device has the potential to empower patients to be actively engaged in monitoring their disease and managing it.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory develop nuclear physics model to study neutrino interactions, shedding light on why neutrinos change flavors during space or matter travel. The team's findings are crucial for understanding the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance and fundamental questions about its origins.
Genetic testing is cost-effective for newly diagnosed metastatic GIST patients, enabling clinicians to prescribe tumor-specific chemotherapy. This approach avoids ineffective treatment and reduces disease progression rates.
Two newer diabetes medications can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease, cardiovascular events, and end-stage kidney disease. They also lower blood pressure and slow chronic kidney disease progression.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University are developing a hand-held device that can non-invasively detect oral cancer by analyzing the ratios of two key proteins. The device aims to reduce the need for painful biopsies and provide an accurate diagnostic alternative, especially in resource-poor settings.
New research highlights the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health, including increased risk of substance abuse and chronic illness. The study found that those with pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities or disorders are more susceptible to these issues.
A new study by UC Davis researchers incorporates natural capital into climate change cost models, revealing large implications for climate policy. The authors found that the social cost of carbon is likely too low, and rapid mitigation of climate damage to natural systems is warranted.
Pterosaur experts refuted earlier claims of feathered pterosaurs, suggesting they were bald instead. The finding has huge implications for the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs and pterosaurs.
A new study confirms hormone therapy reduces biomarkers of inflammation in postmenopausal women, with greatest benefits seen in those nearing menopause. The study suggests hormone therapy may slow progression of atherosclerosis by targeting inflammatory processes.
Folate, magnesium, and dairy products have been found to be associated with a lower risk of bowel cancer. A diet high in fibre, fruit, and vegetables also shows promise, while garlic, onions, tea, coffee, fish, and meat may not have the same protective effect.
A study by Karolinska Institutet researchers found that MAIT cell activation is strongly linked to severe COVID-19 disease. The number of MAIT cells in the blood declines sharply in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19, while pro-inflammatory MAIT cells accumulate in the airways.
Researchers are developing a novel deep learning technique to identify relationships between brain networks and Alzheimer's disease using algorithms mimicking neural networks. The goal is to pinpoint specific areas in the brain to slow and treat disease progression.
Researchers found that honeybees use a simple counting-based model to learn from visual scenes, unlike humans who employ complex probabilistic learning to recognize patterns. This difference may contribute to human superiority in cognitive capacities.
Researchers have developed methods to calculate the QED correction of helium to the 7th power series, which are the most accurate results to date. Precision measurements of helium atoms also have a broad impact on various important studies, including determining the radius of helium nuclei and calculating polarizability.
A recent NIH-funded study confirms that about 14% of cerebral palsy cases may be linked to rare genetic mutations, which control brain circuit development during early childhood. The results led to recommended changes in treatment for at least three patients and provide new insights into the disorder.