A West Virginia University professor argues that effective communication is crucial for gaining the American public's trust in scientists. By considering four dimensions of trust and tailored communication objectives, science communicators can increase perceptions of competence, integrity, benevolence, and openness.
A study by Dr. Hugo Harrison found that connecting marine reserves through a 'portfolio' approach can provide reliable quantities of fish across an ecosystem. This approach supports more fish, which then produce even greater numbers of baby fish, ultimately stabilizing fish populations.
A new approach uses photoacoustic tomography to capture 3D images of finger veins, enabling levels of specificity and anti-spoofing previously not possible. The method achieves 99% accuracy in correctly accepting or rejecting identities.
Fetal estrogens, such as estetrol and estriol, show promising characteristics in reducing hot flashes and improving cardiovascular health. They may also provide added benefits that have yet to be fully explored, making them a promising new approach to hormone therapy.
Researchers have identified a fungal compound, cercosporamide, that inhibits BMP receptors, which are overactive in certain diseases. This finding offers new possibilities for treating conditions like Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
A study in Borneo found that degraded tropical forests have a high conservation value for 28 tropical mammal species. Mammals tend to avoid heavily degraded areas with open canopies and reduced vegetation density, highlighting the importance of maintaining good quality forest habitat.
Researchers pinpointed the date of the Ilopango volcano's Tierra Blanca Joven eruption, identifying its impacts on climate and society. The eruption is believed to have cooled the atmosphere by 0.5 °C for a few years, with effects largely limited to the local region.
The FDA has approved Nucala for use in treating patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome, a life-threatening group of blood disorders. The drug reduces disease flares and improves health without substantial side effects.
Researchers discovered neurons adjust neurotransmitter release via signal tone modulation, enabling rapid communication. This mechanism allows neurons to fine-tune their 'voice' in real-time.
Research reveals that two groups of marine organisms, sea butterflies and sea angels, have survived dramatic global climate change and Earth's most recent mass extinction event. The study found that these pteropods evolved in the early Cretaceous period and likely survived previous episodes of ocean acidification.
Research reveals coral reef ecosystems collapse under rapid fishing pressures due to positive feedback between fish behavior and ecosystem sensitivity. The study highlights the importance of understanding the social component of individual fish in managing coral reefs for sustainable harvest levels.
New research by British American Tobacco indicates that modern oral nicotine products (MOPs) are less biologically active than traditional cigarettes and snus, with some products failing to elicit a biological response. The study suggests MOPs may be a reduced-risk option for users who switch completely from smoking.
Researchers from Far Eastern Federal University studied the correlation between TES shape and efficiency, finding that straight walls are often preferred but can vary depending on specific criteria. The study also explored the potential of integrating TES with other energy accumulators, such as adiabatic compressed air storages.
Research suggests that volunteers who also receive government aid are often judged negatively for not using their time to find paid employment. Aid recipients are scrutinized more than working individuals, with biases towards believing they should prioritize job-seeking over volunteering and personal activities.
Researchers have discovered that mitochondrial RNA's are packaged into tiny liquid droplets that can fuse together and break apart, providing insight into the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genetics. This finding is crucial for understanding how cells produce energy and has implications for diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have discovered a way to selectively kill aggressive cancer cells by blocking the construction of nuclear pore complexes. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for deadly tumors such as melanoma, leukemia, and colorectal cancer.
A team of researchers from Osaka University has identified the crucial role of lipids, lysosomes, and autophagy in preventing kidney injury. By understanding how calcium, lipids, and lysosomal degradation interact, scientists can develop new treatments for kidney damage caused by crystal-induced injuries.
Researchers at Osaka City University have discovered metal ions as a key component to produce malic acid, a molecule with 4 carbon atoms, through artificial photosynthesis. This innovation enables the exploration of CO2 as a raw material for producing complex materials.
Researchers investigated luminescence caused by landslides and found different rocks emit light due to unique reasons, with granite exhibiting remarkable photoemission. The study uses ultra-sensitive cameras and spectroscopes to analyze the phenomenon, which could lead to advancements in earthquake prediction and disaster prevention.
Researchers use innovative microscopy method to analyze bird brain structure, finding similarities with mammalian neocortex. The study reveals horizontal and vertical layers, refuting long-held assumptions about avian brain organization.
A survey-based study examines the association between sexual orientation and migraine prevalence. The findings suggest that LGBTQ+ individuals are more likely to experience migraines than their heterosexual counterparts.
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial found antacid monotherapy to be the most palatable solution and had fewer side effects compared to antacid/lidocaine combinations. Antacid monotherapy was also found to be equally efficacious in relieving epigastric pain as lidocaine/antacid combination therapy.
Researchers found that the nature of the boundary at which an antiferromagnet transitions to disorder depends on its lattice arrangement. Calculations showed subtle differences in transition points between honeycomb and square lattices.
A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that introducing high doses of gluten from four months of age may prevent coeliac disease in children. The Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) Study showed no cases of coeliac disease among infants who introduced gluten early, but further studies are needed for confirmation.
A new study published by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that extraneous images on reading pages can draw attention away from text, reducing comprehension in beginning readers. Streamlined illustrations improved reading comprehension scores in first- and second-grade students.
Penn researchers found that epigenetic changes disable protective pathways and enable pro-disease pathways in older brain cells with Alzheimer's Disease. These changes can be targeted by drugs, suggesting a new approach to treating early-stage disease.
Researchers developed an AI-based deep learning platform, DystoniaNet, to diagnose dystonia from brain MRIs with high accuracy. The platform detected cases of dystonia with 98.8 percent accuracy and identified a new microstructural neural network biological marker.
Researchers found micrometer-sized and nanometer-sized diamonds, along with metallic iron and graphite, in ureilite meteorites. The discovery suggests that diamond formation does not require a Mars-sized parent body, contradicting previous theories.
Randomized clinical trials for COVID-19 treatments and vaccines often exclude older adults, according to a new study. The study found that the likelihood of excluding older persons is significant in these trials, raising concerns about equity and inclusivity.
As the atmosphere warms, ocean stability increases, leading to reduced carbon burial and decreased productivity. Cooler water layers not mixing due to stable conditions prevents oxygen and nutrient delivery.
Cells utilize long-distance traveling waves in a self-organized manner to close wounds, guided by intricate interplay of cell movement, sensing, and protein activation. This coupled system enables robust communication of direction over large distances, promoting coordinated behavior for healing and growth.
Research found increasing gaps in premature death rates between lower-income and higher-income individuals in Canada. Socioeconomic inequalities have worsened over the past 25 years, with lower-income groups experiencing significantly higher risks of premature death.
A NIH-funded study identified neuronal abnormalities in cortical cells from individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with mental illnesses and developmental delays. The study suggests that overexpression of the DGCR8 gene and exposure to certain antipsychotic drugs can restore normal cellular functioning.
The researchers will investigate how long-term care residents transmit and cope with the disease, aiming to identify asymptomatic cases and develop new therapeutic strategies for vulnerable populations. They also seek to understand the epidemiology, transmission, and immunology of COVID-19 in nursing homes.
Researchers developed a framework to study metabolic processes in cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. The technique identified fatty acid synthesis and mono-unsaturation as new metabolic susceptibilities in cancer cells.
The new extreme ultraviolet facility allows for investigation of time-dependent phenomena and reveals details of biological or physical samples with unprecedented clarity. It offers ultrashort pulses with high frequencies, useful for probing fast phenomena and investigating the structure and chemical properties of matter.
The global ocean has become more stratified due to global warming, reducing nutrients and oxygen. This increase in stratification affects climate, ecosystems, and the ocean's ability to store carbon, exacerbating global warming.
A new study finds that over half of women with menopause symptoms in Northern California are using cannabis to manage hot flashes, night sweats, and insomnia. The study also shows that more than a quarter of participants express interest in trying cannabis for menopause symptom management.
A new USC-led study identified a critical genetic modification that enabled the emergence of gill covers in early vertebrates, allowing them to become top predators. The study found that changes in a gene called Pou3f3 led to the development of gill covers in some fish and their absence in others.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals that older persons are highly likely to be excluded from COVID-19 clinical trials, despite accounting for 30-40% of cases and 80% of deaths globally. The exclusion poses a risk to the effectiveness and safety of treatments for older adults.
A team of researchers at MU, including an 8th grader and an undergraduate student, identified 3 specific mutations in the COVID-19 virus that may be contributing to its high infectivity in the US. The findings suggest a clearer picture of co-evolving mutations inside the virus.
Cryoablation, a less-invasive treatment technique, offers a promising alternative to surgery for prostate cancer control. According to the study, cryoablation provided a high rate of effective prostate cancer control in 82% of patients at 18-month follow-up.
A recent study found that COVID-19 can lead to lower testosterone levels in male patients, which may explain the better outcomes seen in female patients. The study also showed that hypogonadism, or low testosterone production, was present in over half of the male patients.
A new study finds that midlife women who endured childhood or adult trauma are more likely to suffer from persistently poor-quality sleep. The study involved 166 women aged 40-60 and used actigraphy to measure sleep patterns over five years.
Researchers found significant lung injury from e-cigarette devices with nickel-chromium alloy heating elements, even without nicotine or other additives. The switch in devices occurred when the team's original eC device went off market, revealing severe respiratory distress and lung lesions.
A research team from KIST has developed a new material that can reduce heat penetration through building walls. By applying phase change materials with bubble injections, the indoor temperature can be suppressed and the cooling load of the building can be lowered.
Researchers developed a new generation of microelectrode-array chips that can record electrical activity from up to 20,000 nerve cells simultaneously. The new chip enables comprehensive measurements of more than 1,000 cells at once, suitable for testing the effects of drugs and reducing animal experiments.
A new study estimates that droughts in Italy cause losses between 0.55 and 1.75 billion euros, mainly due to agricultural productivity decline. The economic impacts of droughts extend beyond agriculture, affecting the food industry and wholesale services.
A case series examines outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest among COVID-19 patients, highlighting the severity of the condition. The study reveals that in-hospital cardiac arrest is a rare but life-threatening complication of COVID-19, requiring prompt medical attention.
Researchers found that a network of marine reserves replenishes exploited fish stocks while minimizing risk to ocean ecosystems. This approach stabilizes reserve performance, providing a reliable source of larval offspring.
A new study published in Nature Climate Change estimates that meeting UN climate targets would require up to 90% of US passenger vehicles to be electric by 2050. The researchers found that a fleet of 350 million EVs would increase electricity demand by 41%, posing significant technological and infrastructure challenges.
Researchers have identified potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in treating severely ill patients with COVID-19. The study also revealed unique drug targeting sites on the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, which can help guide the design of novel antiviral agents.
Researchers have identified key genetic markers associated with heat and drought tolerance, inflammation resistance, and tick control in African cattle. The study reveals how Asian cattle breeds influenced the development of indigenous breeds through genetic 'time travel', enabling them to thrive across Africa.
The Australian Quantum Vortex team has been named a finalist in the Australian Museum Eureka Prizes for their groundbreaking study on turbulence. The team's use of laser technologies to observe quantum origins of turbulence has provided new insights into the behavior of vortices, which influence global weather and flight patterns.
Researchers observed Small-banded Kukri Snakes dissecting Asian Black-spotted Toads alive, removing organs to consume. The snakes may have evolved this tactic to avoid being poisoned by the toad's toxin.
A probabilistic model reveals three distinct regimes of particle motion on burned hillslopes, driven by changes in slope, particle size and surface roughness. Burned slopes are measurably smoother than vegetated slopes, affecting steepland erosion following wildfires.
Researchers from ICIQ's Llobet team developed a new oligomeric material as a catalyst for water oxidation, achieving unprecedented current densities. The hybrid material behaves as a rugged and powerful electro-anode, stable at neutral pH and outperforming existing materials.
Münster University researchers develop new software '2-n-way' to compare any genomes, identifying relationships among species or individuals. The tool can analyze genome evolutions, genetic diseases, and sequence any number of genomes.
Scientists have successfully reconnected damaged neuronal networks in spinal cord injuries using carbon nanotube sponges. The breakthrough enables functional results, with animals regaining mobility in affected limbs. Further research is needed to explore the material's properties and conditions for implantation.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have developed a new method to regulate cell plasticity by inhibiting the protein CDK8, strengthening gene expression for specific cell identities while reducing alternative identities. This approach holds promise for improving chemotherapy reactions and studying embryonic stem cells.