Collaborative team awarded $12.5 million for new NSF Biology Integration Institute
A collaborative team of 28 professors from various biology fields will integrate recent discoveries about microbial symbiosis and its impact on evolution and ecology.
Science News for September 8, 2020
Oncotarget: GATA3 and APOBEC3B are prognostic markers in adrenocortical carcinoma
Researchers found GATA3 and APOBEC3B overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinoma, regulating cell proliferation and DNA damage. Their expression levels are linked to patient survival, providing novel insights into ACC prognosis.
Lightweight green supercapacitors could charge devices in a jiffy
Researchers at Texas A&M University have designed a new plant-based energy storage device that can store up to 900 times greater charge than state-of-the-art supercapacitors. The devices are also environmentally friendly, lightweight, and cost-effective, making them suitable for charging electric cars within minutes.
COVID-stress may be hard to beat even with exercise
Research from Washington State University found that COVID-19 stress and anxiety can persist despite increased physical activity. The study of twins revealed no significant impact of exercise on handling stress and anxiety in the short term, suggesting other factors may be at play.
Study of 'shrink-smart' towns expanding to include curriculum, big data
The research project aims to share information and strategies with communities showing stress or decline to improve quality of life. The team will develop a Community Information Ecosystem to collect data on residents' perceptions of quality of life, which has remained stable or improved in shrinking small towns.
Fossil growth reveals insights into the climate
Researchers analyzed fossil bones of Panthasaurus maleriensis, an ancestor of modern amphibians, and found phases of rapid and slow growth depending on the climate. The study provides valuable insight into the prehistoric past, with the Indian site showing evidence of both young and adult animals.
Delayed immune responses may drive COVID-19 mortality rates among men and the elderly
Researchers found that immune cell responses were delayed in males and the elderly, leading to a dysfunctional antiviral response. This study suggests that age and sex may contribute to disease severity in COVID-19 patients., Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 may vary widely among different patient demographics.
High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: First US study shows promising outcomes
A new US study finds that HIFU provides adequate control of prostate cancer while avoiding significant side effects, with nearly 90% of men able to avoid or delay radical treatment. The non-invasive therapy also preserves sexual function and urinary symptoms, with no serious complications reported.
US aid restrictions reduce delivery of key health services for PEPFAR beneficiaries
A 2018 survey found that 28% of organizations stopped or reduced at least one service in response to the policy, including reproductive health services. The current policy may negatively affect PEPFAR beneficiaries, particularly youth and pregnant women.
Boundaries no barrier for thermoelectricity
Researchers at Rice University found that electricity generated by temperature differences in gold nanowires is not affected by grain boundaries, contrary to previous assumptions. This discovery could enable the detection of crystalline defects using a novel optical detection system.
The Art of War: how bacteria gather intel for guiding their CRISPR-Cas systems
Researchers discovered that bacteria acquire spacers for their CRISPR 'database' by selecting snippets of bacteriophage's genetic information. This complex mechanism allows the bacteria to recognize and destroy invading viral genetic material.
SourceSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech)·JournalNucleic Acids Research·DateSep 8, 2020
New nanosystem from Tel Aviv university enhances treatment for melanoma in animal models
Researchers developed a novel drug delivery system that significantly enhances the effectiveness of treatment for melanoma. The system uses a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to deliver two proven medications simultaneously at the tumor site, resulting in longer-lasting therapeutic effects and lower dosages.
UCF researchers are developing models to predict storm surges
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have developed models to predict periods of relatively higher flood risk due to storm surges. The models link large-scale climate variability events like El Niño to storm surge activity, allowing for more accurate predictions and improved coastal preparedness.
NASA-NOAA satellite tracking record-breaking Tropical Storm Paulette
Tropical Storm Paulette set a new record for the earliest 16th named storm of any Atlantic season by 10 days. The storm's organization improved significantly since September 7, with forecasters noting improved convection and wind shear restrictions.
Brain stimulation reduces dyslexia deficits
A study published in PLOS Biology found that brain stimulation therapy can alleviate sound-processing deficits and improve reading accuracy in adults with dyslexia. The therapy, known as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), was shown to be particularly effective for individuals with poor reading skills.
Temporal-spatial order property of hollow multishelled structures enables sequential drug release
Researchers discovered that hollow multishelled structures can realize sequential drug release through unique temporal-spatial order property. This property enables burst, sustained, and stimulus-responsive release stages, providing a long sterility period in bacteria-rich environments.
As information flows through brain's heirarchy, higher regions use higher frequency waves
Researchers found that information encoding and inhibition are associated with a tug-of-war between specific brain wave frequency bands in three distinct regions. Higher regions use higher frequency waves, with the visual cortex beta band peaking at 11 Hz and prefrontal beta peaking at 19 Hz.
Detecting soil-surface ozone early can help prevent damage to grapes and apples
Materials chemists at UMass Amherst create a polymer tattoo on plant leaves to detect early ozone damage, which can reduce crop yields and threaten the food supply. The innovative method allows for frequent and long-term monitoring of cellular ozone damage in economically important crops.
Linking calorie restriction, body temperature and healthspan
A new study reveals that reducing calorie intake triggers significant health benefits by lowering body temperature. The research, led by Scripps Research Professors Bruno Conti and Gary Siuzdak, provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of temperature in metabolism during calorie restriction.
Terahertz receiver for 6G wireless communications
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed a novel concept for low-cost terahertz receivers that enable ultra-fast wireless communications at low cost. The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrated transmission at a data rate of 115 Gbit/s and a carrier frequency of 0.3 THz over a distance of 110 meters.
Climate change will decimate Palm Springs, Coachella Valley tourism
A new UC Riverside study finds that climate change will significantly decrease good weather days in the Palm Springs area, impacting tourism and outdoor attractions. The number of suitable snowbird days is projected to increase by up to 150% by the end of the century.
Study pinpoints process that might have led to first organic molecules
Researchers discover novel microfluidic reactor setup that mimics ancient underwater hydrothermal vents, allowing them to produce formic acid from CO2. The findings have implications for the search for extraterrestrial life and green chemistry applications.
SourceAmerican Museum of Natural History·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 8, 2020
A new method for directed networks could help multiple levels of science
A new method for analyzing hierarchical structures in directed networks has been developed, enabling the quantification of edge alignment and association with function. This approach has potential applications in ecology, economics, social science, and biochemistry, providing insights into complex systems and network properties.
In pursuit of the origin and role of ecDNA
The CancerCirculome project aims to improve understanding of ecDNA's mechanisms involved in cancer development and disease progression. Researchers will focus on DNA circularization, replication, and reintegration into chromosomes to identify new diagnostic and treatment targets for pediatric cancers.
Engineering speciation events in insects may be used to control harmful pests
Researchers have developed a way to induce speciation events in fruit flies, allowing scientists to create engineered strains that can reproduce normally but are sterile when mated with unmodified flies. This technology, called Engineered Genetic Incompatibility (EGI), has the potential to control populations of disease-carrying insect...
CNIO researchers develop an effective strategy against KRAS mutant lung tumors in mice
Researchers from CNIO achieved complete remission in 25% of lung tumors induced by KRAS oncogene in mice following genetic inactivation of CDK4 and RAF1. This strategy also prevented cancer cell growth in healthy mice and identified molecular mechanisms that triggered resistance, such as PI3K pathway activation.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 8, 2020
Lost frogs rediscovered with environmental DNA
Scientists have detected signs of a frog listed as extinct using environmental DNA in two regions of Brazil. The frog, Megaelosia bocainensis, was among seven total species detected, including four declining species and two that had disappeared locally for many years.
Cholesterol's effects on cellular membranes
A new study led by Assistant Professor Rana Ashkar of Virginia Tech Department of Physics finds that cholesterol actually does adhere to biophysical principles and causes membrane stiffening.
Theoretical prediction of reverse intersystem crossing for organic semiconductors
Researchers developed a prediction method for reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) in organic semiconductors, leading to improved light emission efficiency for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The method demonstrated accurate predictions for various TADF materials, with some presenting RISC rate constants of over 10^7 per second.
Research unravels what makes memories so detailed and enduring
Research at the University of Bristol discovers a new mechanism for learning in the brain that stabilises memories and reduces interference. This breakthrough provides insight into how humans form expectations and make accurate predictions about future events.
Lineshape-tailoring of coupled plasmonic systems based on first principle
A newly published paper introduces a formal theoretical framework from first principles, enabling researchers to predict the fascinating properties of coupled photonic systems before numerically simulating them. The theory allows for the design and prediction of line-shapes with desired near-field and far-field properties.
New role of arginine metabolism in plant morphogenesis identified
Researchers discovered a new link between arginine metabolism and plant shape formation, using the moss Physcomitrium patens as a model organism. The study identified a core pathway involving transcriptional co-activators ANGUSTIFOLIA3/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (AN3/GIF1) family signaling.
Gut microbes could allow space travelers to stay healthy on long voyages
A review highlights the potential of treating space travelers with treatments targeting the gut microbiome to protect against negative health effects. Promoting a healthy gut microbiome may be key to reaching Mars in one piece.
Young US adults hospitalized with COVID-19
A case series of 3,222 young US adults (18-34 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 reveals insights into the disease's impact on this demographic. The study highlights the importance of understanding COVID-19 in young adults to inform public health strategies and treatment guidelines.
Cellular-level interactions that lead to the cytokine storm in COVID-19
Macrophage activation syndrome plays a key role in COVID-19's cytokine storm, which causes systemic hyperinflammation. Researchers found that therapies targeting IL-6 and TNFα show promise in reducing severity of the disease.
Skeletal study suggests at least 11 fish species are capable of walking
Researchers analyzed nearly 30 hillstream loach species using CT scans and DNA analysis to identify three categories of pelvic shapes. The team found that 10 other species shared the cave angel fish's unusually hefty pelvic girdle, suggesting robust pelvic regions evolved independently across the family.
A new method may make tomatoes safer to eat
A new study shows promise in reducing foodborne pathogens on tomatoes by applying sanitizers in the field. The method uses FDA-approved additives, significantly reducing bacterial populations and saving labor costs for producers. This approach could become a practical solution for controlling foodborne pathogens.
Some children at higher risk of privacy violations from digital apps
A study found that children from families with lower education levels are more likely to have their personal information transferred to third parties, despite federal laws prohibiting the practice. The research suggests that social and economic factors influence which children are at greater risk for these violations.
Thermal imaging enhances engineers' understanding of breast tumors
UT Dallas researchers developed a proof-of-concept model that quantifies thermal characteristics of breast cancer, detecting temperature differences and increased blood flow. The study aims to improve digital infrared thermal imaging for monitoring breast cancer and its treatment.
New process boosts lignin bio-oil as a next-generation fuel
Researchers developed a new process to upgrade lignin bio-oil to hydrocarbons using dual catalysts, improving its usability as a fuel and source of chemical feedstocks. The process can be done at low temperature and ambient pressure, making it more practical and efficient.
NASA-NOAA satellite sees new Tropical Storm Rene drenching Cabo Verde islands
Tropical Storm Rene, formed on September 7 in the North Atlantic, brought strong winds and heavy rain to Cabo Verde Islands. The storm's center was located near latitude 16.5 degrees north and longitude 26.5 degrees west, with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph.
Deep Longevity to discuss research on aging clocks at the Kinexum meeting with NIH and FDA
Deep Longevity will present research on deep aging clocks at the Kinexum webinar, combining leading researchers and a preeminent expert at the FDA to accelerate the use of aging biomarkers in therapeutic interventions. The company has developed multimodal biomarkers of aging using deep learning techniques.
Cascades with carbon dioxide
Researchers develop a conceptually new process to produce cyclic carbonates from CO2 and basic building blocks, offering potential for biodegradable plastics and pharmaceutical intermediates. The process yields six-membered rings with great potential for creating new CO2-based polycarbonates.
The oldest Neanderthal DNA of Central-Eastern Europe
The study reveals the oldest mitochondrial genome of a Neanderthal found in Central-Eastern Europe, dating back ~80,000 years. Genetic analysis shows a strong connection between Poland and the Northern Caucasus, shedding light on Neanderthals' adaptability and biology.
Fighting cardiovascular disease with acne drug
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using an acne drug. A single mutation in the RBM20 gene was found to cause the disease, and increasing expression of this protein may overcome the insufficient expression seen in patients with DCM.
International study gets at the root of what makes deer migrate
A cross-continental team of researchers found that deer migration patterns are influenced by the progression of springtime plant growth, with slow and long green-ups correlating to resident strategies. The study suggests that conservation efforts should be tailored to local patterns of forage availability.
People with anorexia and body dysmorphic disorder show brain similarities, differences
Researchers found abnormalities in brain function related to symptom severity in both disorders, with more severe symptoms linked to distinct patterns of activity and connectivity. The study suggests that addressing these brain abnormalities through psychotherapy or psychiatric medications could be key to treating these conditions.
SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalBrain Imaging and Behavior·DateSep 8, 2020
State laws key to HIV prevention efforts
A new study finds that states with HIV criminalization laws have lower PrEP uptake rates, while those with nondiscrimination laws for sexual minorities have higher rates. The researchers call for state governments to repeal criminalization laws and improve access to HIV treatment and prevention.
Cashing in on marine byproducts
Flinders University researchers have found a way to convert marine waste into valuable dietary proteins and products. The study suggests that sea cucumbers and other marine animals can be used as a source of protein-rich nutrients.
NSAIDs not associated with more severe coronavirus disease, study finds
A Danish nationwide cohort study found no association between NSAID use and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The study suggests that the well-established risks of NSAIDs should be considered when using them during the pandemic.
UBC scientists find clues to queen bee failure
Researchers discovered elevated markers associated with heat stress and pesticide exposure in failed queens from B.C., suggesting temperature fluctuations during transportation and potential pesticide effects may contribute to queen bee failure. A diagnostic test is proposed to help beekeepers understand and prevent this issue.
OHSU discovers cell in zebrafish critical to brain assembly, function
Researchers from OHSU have identified astrocytes in zebrafish, a key cell type for brain development and function. This discovery will enable studies on neurodegenerative diseases like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
Scientists have discovered an environmentally friendly way to transform silicon into nanoparticles
Researchers at Skoltech have developed a simple and efficient method to convert silicon wafers into nanoparticles in an aqueous solution, providing a new source of sustainable materials. The process enables controlling particle sizes and has implications for optics, photonics, medicine, and other fields.
SourceSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech)·JournalACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering·DateSep 8, 2020
Star-cells "shine" to make sense of touch
Researchers discovered that astrocytes in the thalamus produce GABA to fine-tune the sense of touch. The production of GABA accelerates signal processing and sharpens sensitivity, allowing neurons to distinguish subtle changes in tactile stimuli.
How birth control, girls' education can slow population growth
A study by Daphne Liu and Adrian Raftery found that contraceptive prevalence has a significantly greater impact on fertility decline than unmet need. Education also affects fertility, particularly through girls' early educational attainment, which can discourage families from having more children.
In Brazil, homicides are decreasing in big cities, increasing in smaller towns: BU study
A new study maps changes in homicide rates across Brazil from 2000 to 2014, showing success in major urban areas but an explosion of homicides in northeastern regions. The research highlights the need for policies addressing spatial spillover and poverty rates as violence appears to move to neighboring areas.
Benefits likely outweigh costs for national monuments in the American west
A new study by Resources for the Future researcher Margaret Walls concludes that national monuments on US public lands have generated benefits exceeding costs and have not harmed local economies. In some cases, monument designations have increased nearby businesses and jobs.
SourceResources for the Future (RFF)·JournalReview of Environmental Economics and Policy·DateSep 8, 2020
Insomnia identified as a new risk factor for type 2 diabetes in new study which also confirms many other risk and protective factors
A new study confirms insomnia as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes, with individuals experiencing a 17% higher likelihood of developing the condition. The research also identifies 15 protective factors, including increased total cholesterol and testosterone levels, which can help inform public health policies to prevent the disease.
Physicists achieve tunable spin wave excitation
Researchers demonstrated new methods for controlling spin waves in nanostructured materials, enabling energy-efficient information transfer and quantum computing applications. They achieved this by exciting magnons with short laser pulses, allowing precise control over spin wave parameters.
Researchers make tiny, yet complex fiber optic force sensor
A new, tiny fiber optic force sensor has been developed by researchers, enabling precise measurements of small forces and opening up potential applications in medical systems and manufacturing. The sensor, made of silica glass, measures forces with a resolution better than a micronewton and has a broad measuring range.
Protein causes mutations that lead to breast cancer cell aggression
A new study found that a protein called BIK triggers failed apoptosis, leading to DNA damage and mutations in ER-positive breast cancer cells. This process makes the cancer cells more aggressive and evasive of therapy.
SourceUniversity of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry·JournalCell Death and Disease·DateSep 8, 2020
Opioid prescriptions for knee surgery vary widely from state to state
A study analyzing opioid prescriptions after outpatient knee surgeries found significant variation in prescription strength and number of tablets across the US. States like Oklahoma prescribed more opioids than necessary, while others like Vermont had lower rates.
Peel-apart surfaces drive transistors to the ledge
Researchers at KAUST developed a novel approach to grow single-crystal transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanoribbons using surface templates and ledge-directed growth. The resulting TMD nanoribbons exhibited defect-free structures and could be transferred onto new substrates without damage.
SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalNature Materials·DateSep 8, 2020
First virtual European Conference of Science Journalism attracted over 600 participants
The ECSJ2020 conference brought together 31 speakers and over 600 participants to discuss key issues in science journalism, including policy-making and high-uncertainty topics. The event featured award ceremonies for a Climate Investigation Grant and European Science Journalist of the Year.
California's creek fire creates its own pyrocumulonimbus cloud
A massive pyrocumulonimbus cloud formed over the Creek Fire in California's Sierra National Forest, with NASA's Suomi NPP satellite capturing its rapid spread. The fire has grown to over 135,000 acres, with hot and dry conditions fueling its expansion.
NASA satellites catch Typhoon Haishen before and after landfall
Typhoon Haishen made landfall in South Korea, bringing heavy rain, storm surge, and landslides. NASA's Aqua satellite captured infrared data showing the storm's temperature and rainfall potential, helping forecasters predict its path.
CEOs with uncommon names tend to implement unconventional strategies
CEOs with uncommon names tend to implement distinctive strategies, deviating from industry norms to achieve competitive advantage and superior performance. This study provides insight into the relationship between a CEO's name and their strategic decisions, highlighting potential benefits for firms seeking enhanced distinctiveness.
Trees living fast die young
A global analysis of over 200 thousand tree-ring records reveals that fast-growing trees have significantly shorter lifespans than slower-growing ones. This challenges predictions of increased carbon storage in forests over the long term, suggesting that growth-lifespan trade-offs may lead to a reduced forest carbon sink.
Association of mobile phone location data indications of travel, stay-at-home mandates with COVID-19 infection rates in US
A study using anonymous mobile phone location data found correlations between increased travel and higher COVID-19 infection rates in US states after stay-at-home mandates were enacted. The findings suggest that mobility patterns can be an indicator of the spread of the virus.
Study highlights ties between racism and activism in black youth
A new study from North Carolina State University finds that racism is associated with increased social consciousness and activism in Black youth. The research found that stress from individual racism is linked to higher levels of perceived inequality, critical agency, and action aimed at changing systems.
SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalJournal of Applied Developmental Psychology·DateSep 8, 2020
New glove-like device mimics sense of touch
Researchers at UNSW Sydney developed a new haptic device that recreates the sense of touch, enabling users to feel virtual or remote objects in a more realistic way. The device overcomes existing issues with haptic technology by introducing a novel method to recreate an effective haptic sensation via soft, miniature artificial muscles.
More than just genetic code
A team of scientists has made a breakthrough in understanding the complex process of photosynthesis by discovering that mRNAs transport proteins to thylakoid membranes. This finding opens up new avenues for research into photobiotechnology.
Small study shows convalescent plasma is safe to use in pediatric patients with COVID-19
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found convalescent plasma to be a safe treatment option for children with life-threatening COVID-19 cases. The study suggests that convalescent plasma may provide the greatest benefit for early-stage patients who have not yet generated endogenous antibodies.
Study finds surprisingly little difference in hospitalization rates between children with COVID-19
Researchers found no statistically significant differences in hospitalization, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilator use between the two groups. However, more patients with COVID-19 reported fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, body ache, chest pain, sore throat, congestion, and shortness of breath at diagnosis.
New subspecies of the rarest Palaearctic butterfly found in the Arctic Circle of Yakutia
A new subspecies of the rarest Palaearctic butterfly, Arctic Apollo, has been found in the Arctic Circle of Yakutia. The species, named Parnassius arcticus arbugaevi, exhibits distinct physical and DNA differences from other Arctic Apollo populations.
Tool transforms world landmark photos into 4D experiences
Researchers at Cornell University developed a method to create maneuverable 3D images showing changes in appearance over time using deep learning and tens of thousands of publicly available tourist photos. The tool, called Deep Multiplane Images, allows users to explore scenes from different viewpoints and time frames.
Changes in e-cigarette use among US adults
From 2016 to 2018, e-cigarette use decreased significantly among US adults, particularly among younger age groups. The study found that the prevalence of e-cigarette use declined from 13.7% in 2016 to 11.3% in 2018.
California offshore winds show promise as power source
A study from California Polytechnic State University finds that offshore winds in the Central Coast increase when demand is greatest, making them an ideal candidate to fill the gap left by solar and on-shore wind energy production. The study suggests that offshore wind energy could play a crucial role in meeting California's ambitious ...
SourceCalifornia Polytechnic State University·JournalEnvironmental Research Communications·DateSep 8, 2020
Deep channels link ocean to Antarctic glacier
Researchers have discovered deep seabed channels beneath Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica that may be the pathway for warm ocean water to melt the underside of the ice. The findings suggest that these channels could play a critical role in contributing to future global sea level rise.
COVID-19 story tip: Racism amid the COVID-19 pandemic -- a path forward
A commentary by Dr. Tina Cheng and her daughter Alison Conca-Cheng highlights the impact of racism on Chinese American parents and children during COVID-19. They advocate for learning about racial bias history, teaching children about it, and addressing clinician biases to achieve health equity.
Bio-based resin invented by Lithuanian researchers: A breakthrough in rapid prototyping
Researchers from Kaunas University of Technology and Vilnius University synthesized a bio-based resin for optical 3D printing that proved universal for both table-top and ultrafast laser printers. The novel material is made from renewable raw materials and can be used in industrial lines with minimal modifications.
Skin lightening products linked to altered steroid hormone levels
Research suggests that frequent use of high-strength corticosteroid creams for skin lightening can lead to impaired cortisol function and adrenal insufficiency. Women using these products may be at risk of developing severe health problems, including extreme fatigue and even death.
Data collection, sharing practices of apps played by young children
Researchers investigated data collection and sharing practices of mobile apps played by preschool-age children, finding that many apps share personal data with third-party companies. The study also identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with app usage, highlighting the need for better data protection for young children.
New fossil ape is discovered in India
A 13-million-year-old fossil unearthed in northern India belongs to a previously unknown genus and species, providing new evidence about the migration of great apes and lesser apes from Africa to Asia. The discovery pushes back the oldest known fossil record of gibbons by at least five million years.
A spillover effect: Medicaid expansion leads to healthier dietary choices
Researchers found that households in states with Medicaid expansion increased purchase of diet soda and bottled water but showed no change in regular soda consumption. The study suggests a spillover effect of the program promoting healthier dietary choices.
Health system clinicians perform better under medicare value-based reimbursement
A study found that clinicians affiliated with health systems achieved mean performance scores of 79 versus 60 for unaffiliated clinicians, receiving fewer payment penalties and more exceptional performance bonus payments. The study suggests that system-affiliation is associated with better performance under value-based payment programs.
Glial cells play an active role in the nervous system
Researchers at the University of Münster discovered glial cells' active role in controlling signal transduction speed and precision. The study found that glial cells form membrane processes between axons, preventing electrical coupling and ensuring accurate neuronal signaling.
New insights into evolution of gene expression
Researchers analyzed 1,903 RNA-seq datasets from 182 projects to reveal a complex history of gene family trees, allowing them to study the evolutionary dynamics of gene expression patterns. Gene duplication plays a key role in expression pattern shifts, and preadaptive propensities exist for genes to be utilized in other organs.
Targeted drug found effective in patients who have lung cancer with certain mutations
Capmatinib shows high response rate (68%) in first-line treatment for NSCLC patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Patients with lower MET amplification levels have limited effectiveness with the drug.
Lockdown did not reduce "most harmful" type of air pollution in Scotland
A study found that lockdowns in Scotland had little impact on outdoor air pollution, with no decline in toxic fine particles despite a 65% reduction in vehicles on the road. Instead, people may be at greater risk from air pollution in their own homes due to increased indoor exposure.
Innovative, minimally invasive treatment can help maintain prostate cancer patients' quality of life
A new study suggests that focal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is an effective alternative to surgery or radiation for treating prostate cancer. The procedure carries a low risk of complication and helps preserve quality of life, with no significant decrease in sexual function or urinary incontinence.
SourceUniversity of Southern California - Health Sciences·JournalThe Journal of Urology·DateSep 8, 2020
Recharging N95 masks for continued usage
Researchers have developed a method to recharge N95 masks, restoring their 95% filtration efficiency and enabling smart masks. The technique exploits electrostatics-based materials, allowing for easy charge replenishment using a battery or washing machine, making it suitable for various air filtration applications.
Dropping it in the mail: Best practices detailed for mail-in colon cancer screenings
A program using mail-in stool samples is shown to be an effective and cost-effective alternative to in-person colonoscopies for detecting colon cancer. The study identified nine best practices for implementing such programs, including patient navigation and high-quality testing kits.
Ghrelin may be an effective treatment for age-related muscle loss
A study found that administering ghrelin to older mice helped restore muscle mass and strength, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy. Unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) was shown to preserve muscle function and reduce the risk of age-related sarcopenia without causing weight gain.
Brain's immune cells promising cellular target for therapeutics
Researchers at Rutgers University are exploring the link between uncontrolled inflammation and microglial cells in the brain, aiming to develop new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. The team is designing nanomedicines that can target microglia to tamp down inflammation and protect neurons.
Older women with type 2 diabetes have different patterns of blood use in their brains
Research reveals that Type 2 diabetes affects brain function in older women, leading to sensory and motor deficits. A unique fNIRS technique detects decreased oxygenated blood use in the brain, suggesting underlying mechanisms such as muscle changes and cortical dysfunction.
COVID-19 deaths among black essential workers linked to racial disparities
A study by University of Utah Health researchers found that Black essential workers are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 due to their occupations, which increase their risk of exposure to the virus. This disparity is attributed to racial disparities in job classifications and access to healthcare resources.
Firearm ownership among LGBT adults
A study found that nearly 16% of LGBT adults in California own a gun or live with one, often for protection. This increases their likelihood of victimization, including suicide. The research highlights the need for unique gun violence prevention strategies targeting the LGBT community.
International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste at Association for Chemoreception Sciences
Researchers presented new findings on chemosensation, including understanding odors through synthetic smells, the evolutionary mechanism of olfaction, and decreased sense of smell leading to depression. The symposium aimed to foster research and understanding of the chemical senses in humans and animals.
Polycythaemia vera: Determination of individual DNA variants allows for more effective treatment
Researchers have found that specific DNA variants can affect the response to interferon-alpha-based treatments, leading to personalized therapy options. The discovery may improve treatment outcomes for patients with polycythaemia vera, a rare chronic malignant blood disease.
'One size fits all' medication approach doesn't work in pregnancy
Research suggests that growth-restricted fetuses metabolize drugs differently due to reduced enzyme efficiency, putting them at increased risk of long-term health consequences. The 'one size fits all' approach to medication dosing during pregnancy may not be effective for all women and their babies.
Glasgow Coma Scale: A simple tool to use when verbal component scores are missing
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been extended with a simple method to impute missing verbal component scores. Using a distribution of verbal scores for each combination of eye and motor scores, clinicians can now easily determine the GCS sum score when verbal data is missing, aiding in clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Ecology award for agroecologist
Professor Teja Tscharntke, a renowned agroecologist at the University of Göttingen, has received the prestigious Marsh Award for his groundbreaking research on biodiversity and ecosystem services. His work focuses on understanding how landscape structure affects local biodiversity and pollination processes.
Proximity of mass shootings to schools, places frequented by children
Researchers studied mass shootings near schools and child frequented locations, finding that these areas are disproportionately affected by gun violence. The study's results suggest that these areas may require additional safety measures to protect children.
People who were children when their parents divorced have less 'love hormone'
Research by Baylor University finds that people who experienced parental divorce during childhood have lower oxytocin levels and correlate with attachment style responses, suggesting a link between early experience and future emotional attachments.
Quantum light squeezes the noise out of microscopy signals
Researchers at ORNL developed a quantum microscope that measures signals with sensitivity better than classical limits, revealing fine details hidden by noise in microscopy signals. The approach uses squeezed light to reduce noise and achieve higher signal-to-noise ratios.
Medicaid expansion improved insurance stability for low-income pregnant women
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that Medicaid expansion reduces the percentage of low-income women going uninsured or changing insurance plans during pregnancy and postpartum. The findings suggest that expanding Medicaid can improve access to care and reduce adverse events for pregnant women.
Study highlights possible causes of racial disparities in prostate cancer deaths
A study published in Cancer highlights racial disparities in prostate cancer deaths, with Black men facing a higher risk of death compared to white men. The analysis found that socioeconomic factors, such as education and median household income, contributed significantly to these disparities.
Plant Science Research Network releases decadal vision 2020-2030
The Plant Science Decadal Vision 2020-2030 outlines innovative solutions to guide investments and research in plant science over the next 10 years. The vision emphasizes interdisciplinary research goals and promotes equity, justice, and inclusivity.
Chemotherapy drug more effective when combined with microbubbles
Researchers developed a combination treatment using gas embolization and chemotherapy, achieving tumor regression and reducing regrowth in hepatocellular carcinoma models. The method is less invasive and more precise than traditional treatments.
Comparison of clinical features of COVID-19 vs seasonal influenza in US children
This observational study examines COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in US children, revealing distinct clinical features including fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms. The study aims to improve diagnosis and treatment of both conditions in pediatric patients.
University of Huddersfield's GDRC wins Newton Fund award
The University of Huddersfield's Global Disaster Resilience Centre is helping Sri Lanka prepare for and deal with pandemics following a £166,000 award from the UK Research and Innovation. The project aims to improve COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness and response through a multi-hazard early warning system.
Investigational drug stops toxic proteins tied to neurodegenerative diseases
A pre-clinical study suggests that an investigational drug reduces the buildup of toxic poly(GR) proteins and TDP-43 clumps, which contribute to neurological decline in patients with ALS and FTD. The study found that treatment with a pipeline drug reduced neurodegeneration in mouse models.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateSep 8, 2020
A pain reliever that alters perceptions of risk
A new study suggests that acetaminophen makes risky activities seem less dangerous, leading to increased risk-taking. The study found that participants who took the pain reliever rated activities like bungee jumping and starting a new career as less risky than those who took a placebo.
Elevated clotting factor V levels linked to worse outcomes in severe COVID-19 infections
Patients with severe COVID-19 infections who have high levels of the blood clotting protein factor V are at risk for serious injury from blood clots. Critically ill patients with low levels of factor V appear to be at increased risk for death due to a coagulopathy resembling disseminated intravascular coagulation.
New research in JNCCN sheds light on multi-organ adverse events from immunotherapy
Researchers found that 27% of immune checkpoint inhibitor recipients experienced irAEs, with 5% developing multi-organ irAEs sequentially. Multi-organ irAEs were generally amenable to satisfactory management and associated with better overall survival rates.
SourceNational Comprehensive Cancer Network·JournalJournal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network·DateSep 8, 2020
Through enzyme testing, researchers sharpen CRISPR gene-editing tool
Researchers developed a new tool to guide scientists in choosing the best CRISPR enzyme for their high-stakes gene edits, making the technology safer, cheaper and more efficient. The tool helps identify where mistakes are most likely to occur for each enzyme, saving time and reducing risk.
SNMMI 2020-2022 Wagner-Torizuka Fellowship recipients announced
The SNMMI Wagner-Torizuka Fellowship provides extensive training and experience for Japanese physicians in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The program has graduated 30 fellows since its inception and supports the worldwide advancement of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.
UC Davis receives NSF funding for engineering, sciences, artificial intelligence for HSIs
The University of California, Davis, has received $1 million in National Science Foundation grants to support Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) and Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs). The grants focus on computing fields identified as national priorities by the U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Scientists probe the chemistry of a single battery electrode particle both inside and out
Researchers studied a single battery cathode particle's surface and interior to understand how chemical changes affect each other. They discovered variations in cracking and degradation across the particle, which can impact its ability to store and release energy.
Scientists develop low-cost chip to detect presence and quantity of COVID-19 antibodies
Researchers at OIST Graduate University developed a rapid, reliable, and low-cost antibody test using lab-on-a-chip technology. The device can detect the presence and quantity of COVID-19 antibodies in diluted blood plasma within 30 minutes, making it feasible for nationwide testing.
SourceOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University·JournalBiosensors and Bioelectronics·DateSep 8, 2020
Suicide on screen: Getting the message right can support better mental health outcomes
Research suggests that media portrayals of suicide can increase suicidal ideation and behavior if not done sensitively, but also highlight the potential for positive outcomes when portrayed in a supportive manner. Filmmakers have a significant responsibility to ensure their content does not harm viewers, particularly those with a histo...
UC study: Secondhand smoke sends more kids to the hospital
A new UC study found that children exposed to tobacco smoke have higher rates of hospital admissions and respiratory-related procedures, with increased risk of asthma treatments. The study suggests that emergency departments should screen for tobacco smoke exposure and provide resources to families.
New insights into why people with down syndrome are at higher risk for leukemia
Scientists have identified new genes that are overexpressed in endothelial cells of people with Down syndrome, increasing their risk for leukemia. The study suggests these genes could be therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments and prevention strategies.
SourceAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago·JournalOncoTargets and Therapy·DateSep 8, 2020
Meteorites show transport of material in early solar system
A new study of rare meteorites shows that material from close to the Sun reached the outer solar system even after Jupiter cleared a gap in the disk of dust and gas. This finding challenges the long-held consensus theory on planet formation and provides insights into how planets form around other stars.
SourceUniversity of California - Davis·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 8, 2020
A lack of oxygen in tumors promotes metastasis
A study by Professor Nicola Aceto's research group at the University of Basel found that a lack of oxygen in tumors triggers the formation of metastases. The team discovered that cancer cells with insufficient oxygen leave the primary tumor to migrate and form new tissues.
Gun owner perceptions about firearm dangers suggest opportunities for improving gun safety
A new study by UC Davis Health finds that gun owners and those living with gun owners are less worried about firearm injuries than non-gun owners. The researchers suggest that effective communications strategies can improve firearm safety in the same way as public health messaging has reduced disease and injury.
Russia's regions and their preferences for strong alcohol
Regional differences in Russia's alcohol consumption patterns reveal a complex relationship between government measures and unlicensed alcohol sales. Studies have shown that regions with stricter policies exhibit reduced registered alcohol consumption, but unregistered alcohol remains a significant issue.
SourceNational Research University Higher School of Economics·JournalInternational Journal of Drug Policy·DateSep 8, 2020
Study underscores value of down syndrome clinic to you program
A new software program, Down Syndrome Clinic to You (DSC2U), has been shown to be effective in improving adherence to US national Down syndrome guidelines. DSC2U aggregates the clinical experience of specialists and connects patients' families with customized information to augment local care providers.
Funding flows into liquid fuel strategy
Rice University engineer Haotian Wang has been awarded a four-year, $2 million collaborative grant by the National Science Foundation to explore converting waste carbon dioxide into pure liquid fuels. The project aims to develop a modular electrochemical system that can provide a sustainable and negative-carbon manufacturing path.
NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP captures fires and aerosols across America
The NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP satellite captured images of smoke obscuring the US landscape, indicating a significant area of deep red range suggesting hazardous aerosol concentrations. Aerosols from fires can affect climate, visibility, and human health, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Plastic can be sustainable
A research project at Friedrich Schiller University Jena aims to develop recyclable plastic materials that can be recycled and reused. The team, led by Prof. Ulrich S. Schubert, plans to study fibre-reinforced materials and nanocomposites with potential applications in aircraft, tennis rackets, and other industries.