A recent Northwestern University study reveals that receiving a second dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine significantly boosts immunity against COVID-19. The research found that even prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 does not guarantee high antibody levels or robust response to the first vaccine dose, contradicting common assumptions.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore have identified three new urinary biomarkers that can detect consumption of ADB-BUTINACA, an emerging synthetic cannabinoid. The discovery will help boost global surveillance of synthetic cannabinoid abuse and aid in tackling the increasing abuse of this substance.
A study published in the American Journal of Transplantation found that Covid-19 vaccines stimulate different immune responses in organ transplant patients. While antibody tests alone are insufficient, combining vaccines with T cell analyses provides better protection.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a set of compounds that target estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells in two different ways, potentially overcoming common drug-resistance issues. The compounds work by distorting the shape of the estrogen receptor and binding with two different molecular side chains, offering a n...
The European Society of Cardiology's new guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized risk estimation and tailored treatment approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease. The guidelines recommend a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation as key measures to reduce CVD risk.
Researchers found that early life irradiation-induced γH2AX foci persisted in adult mice, leading to brain aging and shortened lifespan. The study suggests a potential link between early life radiation exposure and later-stage neurodegenerative disorders.
A study of 100 adults with intermittent atrial fibrillation found that alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk for a near-term atrial fibrillation event. The association was more pronounced after one glass of alcohol and within a 4- to 6-hour time frame.
A Mayo Clinic study found that a combination of casirivimab and imdevimab reduced hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 by 60%–70%. The treatment allowed these patients to recover safely at home.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have found that innate lymphoid cells can specialize into killer cells that recognize and kill tumour cells. The study reveals a new transcription factor, Hobit, drives this specialization process.
Theoretical astrophysicist Kevin Heng has discovered an entire family of new mathematical solutions for calculating phase curves, enabling the analysis of data in seconds. These solutions have major implications for interpreting data, such as analyzing the Cassini spacecraft's Jupiter phase curves to infer a cloudy atmosphere.
A team of MIT engineers has developed a drug delivery capsule that can inject large quantities of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins into the stomach lining after being swallowed. The capsule overcomes a major challenge in delivering these drugs orally, which are usually administered via injections.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports reveals that over 50 long-term effects of COVID-19 have been identified, ranging from mild to debilitating symptoms. The research team analyzed data from 47,910 patients and found a substantial burden of Long COVID, with neurological symptoms and cardiovascular issues being notable findings.
A University of California, Davis study found that consuming sucrose and high fructose corn syrup can increase liver fat and decrease insulin sensitivity, highlighting the need for consumers to read labels carefully. The study also found no significant differences between the effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup.
A telephone-delivered nursing care strategy combining heart failure care management with depression treatment improved patients' clinical outcomes. Patients receiving 'blended' collaborative care showed better mental health-related quality of life, including improved mood and reduced limitations in social activities.
A prospective cohort study found that nearly 90% of immunocompromised patients developed an antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, suggesting potential protection against severe illness. The response was weaker than in healthy participants but still encouraging for immunocompromised individuals.
A multi-site, multi-disorder resting-state magnetic resonance image database was compiled to harmonize data from patients with various diseases, measured at 14 sites. The dataset comprises over 2,400 samples and includes 'traveling-subject' data to minimize inter-site differences.
A new global study found a significant decline in solid organ transplants performed during the first wave of Covid-19 in 2020, with over 48,000 years of patient life lost. Kidney transplantation showed the largest reduction across nearly all countries.
The study found that immediate coronary angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients without ST-segment elevation is not superior to a delayed/selective approach. The composite secondary endpoint of all-cause death or severe neurological deficit at 30 days occurred more frequently in the immediate angiography group.
A new species of wood lizard, Enyalioides feiruzae, has been described from the premontane forest of the Huallaga river basin in Peru. The lizard features stunning color variations and is believed to have established as a separate species due to geographical separation from a similar lizard.
A study by researchers at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III found that metoprolol significantly reduced lung infiltration and improved oxygenation in severely ill COVID-19 patients. The treatment also led to a shorter stay in the ICU and fewer days on mechanical ventilation.
Researchers at Pusan National University have developed a novel electrocatalyst that can effectively produce hydrogen and oxygen from water at low cost. The catalyst, composed of transition metal phosphates, achieves high surface area and fast charge transfer, making it suitable for commercial on-site production of hydrogen.
The APAF-CRT trial shows that ablation plus cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) significantly reduces all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure in severely symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with narrow QRS. The therapy is superior to pharmacological rate control, supporting it as a first-line t...
The Minnesota Sea Grant project aims to increase Yellow Perch production in indoor RAS systems, addressing supply chain limitations and improving fish growth rates. The project will also develop a guide for producers on best practices and cost estimates for RAS production.
Michael E. von Fricken, Assistant Professor at George Mason University, is supporting COVID-19 research efforts with CDC funding. The project, initiated in July 2021, aims to address the coronavirus public health emergency.
A new study found that recreational marijuana legalization may increase the risk of alcohol and marijuana co-use among adolescents in California. The study suggests that restricting access to retail outlets, hours of operation, advertising, and imposing higher taxes on products may help reduce this negative public health effect.
Researchers from Paderborn University create a simple integrated quantum network using thin layers of lithium niobate to demonstrate large-scale functionalities. The project aims to develop scalable quantum components with industrial application potential.
Researchers investigating amyloid-protein interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human neural cells may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Funding enables collaboration using protein isolation, structural modeling, and machine learning for molecular process characterization.
A new study found that patients with advanced Parkinson's disease are at higher risk of contracting and suffering from respiratory illnesses like influenza and pneumonia. Neurologists are advised to actively encourage vaccinations for these patients, particularly in the light of COVID-19.
Researchers have confirmed that galaxies emit a significant amount of polluted gas into space, contrary to previous assumptions. This 'outflow' is driven by the process of star formation and can include elements such as oxygen, carbon, and iron.
A multicenter study will evaluate the outcomes of 1,500 children with tracheostomy to provide clinical practice guidelines for preventing, diagnosing, and managing bacterial infections. The study aims to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and cost of care.
Researchers at McGill University have developed a new way to track genetically modified animals using artificial transgenes. The discovery provides a powerful tool for locating and managing escaped or released GM animals.
The University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science has received a $23.5 million award to support groundbreaking health care innovations in Kentucky. The center has successfully catalyzed clinical and translational discoveries, including COVID-19 vaccine trials, with continuous funding since 2011.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a method to produce synthetic muscle protein using microbes, which can be spun into fibers with exceptional toughness and strength. The resulting material has potential biomedical applications, such as sutures and tissue engineering.
Researchers from Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation develop methods to enhance mechanical properties of hydrogels, including toughness, stretchiness, and adhesive strength. By introducing dopamine and alkaline conditions, they create gel-like materials with improved biocompatibility and regenerative capabilities.
A new study from Uppsala University found that genetic tests are more accurate than traditional blood tests in determining the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The study analyzed data from 500,000 subjects and discovered a significant link between blood group genetics and coagulation proteins.
A new study from Oregon State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Wildlife Research Center found that beavers in the Coast Range of western Oregon exhibit relatively strong genetic differentiation, shaped by watershed boundaries and past relocations. The researchers recommend relocating beavers within watershed...
Belgian researchers have developed an all-in-one test to identify healthy embryos for transfer, reducing the risk of passing de novo genetic diseases. The test uses long read sequencing and can detect copy number variants and single nucleotide variants in a single workflow.
New study finds that rescue breathing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is preferable to compression-only CPR for infants, children, and adolescents in case of cardiac arrest. Rescue breathing CPR was associated with higher odds of favorable neurological outcomes and overall survival compared to compression-only CPR.
A study published in Nature Communications Earth & Environment reveals that ʻopihi age, growth, and longevity are influenced by the Hawaiian intertidal environment. The research team found that ʻopihi species grow rapidly, reaching maturity within 8-9 months, and can live up to 5 years old.
The ReNature project has launched an interactive online toolkit to help address societal challenges using nature-based solutions. The toolkit provides a range of color-coded options, indicating the level of evidence supporting each solution type to address specific challenges.
Researchers have developed a novel model of the aged lung epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating age-related lung disease. The model, which replicates IPF-like changes in mouse cells, holds promise for uncovering new biological mechanisms and testing novel pharmacological compounds to treat the disease.
Researchers offer standards for machine learning studies in life sciences to promote reproducibility and advance knowledge. The bronze standard requires data, code, and models to be publicly available, while the silver and gold standards add more information to facilitate duplication of training processes.
The ACST-2 trial found that carotid artery surgery and stenting have comparable long-term effects on fatal or disabling stroke in asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Both procedures are associated with a 1% risk of disabling stroke or death, with the annual risk decreasing to 0.5% after five years.
A new study maps the location and intensity of key threats to terrestrial amphibians, birds, and mammals, identifying priority areas across the world. Agriculture and logging are pervasive in the tropics, while hunting and trapping is the most geographically widespread threat to mammals and birds.
A simple stock assessment model applied to 500 years of catch data shows that northern Atlantic cod biomass is currently around 2% of its earlier level. Annual catches could have been sustained at around 200,000 tonnes if authorities had allowed rebuilding in the 1980s.
The conference, INGSA2021, aims to strengthen global coordination in science advice and promote open science. Key findings include the importance of digital technologies and AI in reshaping the profession and the need for partnerships to drive economic and social development.
A partnership between George Mason University and local schools aims to integrate computer science into grades PK-6 using a digital tool called DECPICT-CS. The project seeks to improve teachers' abilities to support students with disabilities in learning computer science.
A new study found that U.S. high-school athletes from higher-income families with well-educated parents were more likely to play sports in college. The research contradicts the traditional story of how sports often help underprivileged kids succeed in American society. Athletic merit was still a strong predictor of participating in col...
A new combination treatment has shown significant tumor shrinkage and prolonged survival in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. The treatment, which targets HDAC and PD-1 proteins, was found to work better in tumors with active BAP1 genes, a key discovery that may lead to improved survival rates.
A survey of 11,000 health care workers found significant racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, with Black workers experiencing a nearly 5-fold increase compared to white workers.
A new study reveals that public opposition to disaster spending is driven by a lack of knowledge about the benefits of preparedness rather than personal experience with natural disasters. The study found that investing in disaster preparedness yields significant cost savings compared to relief efforts, but many Americans remain unaware...
Researchers at University of Michigan and University of Tokyo developed a system to safely deliver electricity over the air, delivering 50 watts of power using magnetic fields. The technology can untether phones, laptops, and even implanted medical devices, opening new possibilities for mobile robotics.
Researchers from DTU develop Fano laser, harnessing bound-state-in-the-continuum to improve coherence. This advancement enables ultrafast and low-noise nanolasers for high-speed computing and integrated photonics.
A team of archaeologists led by Paola Villa has uncovered an unprecedented array of bone tools crafted from elephant bones at the Castel di Guido site in Italy, dating back to around 400,000 years ago. The discovery reveals a high level of cognitive intellect and technological sophistication among early humans during this period.
Researchers from Nara Institute of Science and Technology and Nanjing University discovered a small protein, KNUCKLES, that plays multiple roles in ensuring the correct timing of floral development. This discovery reveals a regulatory pathway where KNUCKLES supports the completion of floral meristem development within a short time window.
A new research project, FLOCKD, will allow smart digital units to autonomously share information with nearby units, enabling faster learning and more intelligent system behavior. The goal is to achieve synergetic problem-solving and improve overall performance.
Researchers from the University of South Australia are conducting a new study to understand what works well and what needs improvement in clinical trials for cancer patients. The study aims to identify barriers to trial participation and inform best practice, ultimately improving access to clinical trials and systems across Adelaide.
Experts propose a diagnostic criterion of sustained normal blood sugar levels for three months or more to diagnose type 2 diabetes remission. The long-term effects and relapse rates remain uncertain, highlighting the need for ongoing support and further research.
Researchers from Osaka University and NASA discovered that cold planets exist throughout the Milky Way, even in the Galactic bulge, a region previously thought to be inhospitable to planet formation. The study used gravitational microlensing to determine the distribution of planets across the galaxy.
A new study by Spinal Cord Injury Model System investigators found that remote wheelchair-skills training increases clinician confidence in teaching peers. The training program improved trainees' ability to navigate real-world spaces, empowering them to engage with their communities. This innovative approach has the potential to expand...