Do I buy or not?
Pleasure-seekers tend to buy impulsively when in a positive state, but can suppress impulse with minimal note reminder. Security-oriented individuals need time and often look for 'no impulse buying' reminders to act.
Science News Archive 2021 - Page 220
Browse by Month - 2021
Page 220 of 510
Should we delay COVID-19 vaccination in children?
Experts debate whether COVID-19 vaccination should be delayed in children due to unclear benefits and risks. Vulnerable people worldwide should be prioritized instead, but some argue that children should not be disadvantaged.
Bringing chemical production and manufacturing together
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a small, flexible, and cost-effective acrylonitrile modular reactor that can produce feedstock near geographically distributed carbon fiber plants. This technology aims to improve access to affordable feedstock for carbon fiber producers by reducing energy costs.
Stroke treatment may backfire when kidneys don't work well
A new study found that intensive blood pressure-lowering therapy may harm patients with decreased kidney function after a stroke, whereas those with normal kidney function showed similar outcomes. The study suggests considering renal function when deciding optimal blood pressure ranges for each patient.
Study: How a large cat deity helps people to share space with leopards in India
A new study documents how Indigenous Warli people in India worship Waghoba, a leopard/tiger deity, to gain protection from leopards. The researchers identified over 150 shrines dedicated to the deity and found that such relationships facilitate coexistence between humans and leopards in their shared landscape.
ETRI solves the challenge in the next-generation display micro LED
The ETRI team developed the world's first next-generation display technology, combining transfer-bonding processes into one process. This innovation reduced equipment investment and process time to 1/10, as well as material and repair costs by 1/100.
People with ADHD and multiple psychiatric diagnoses stop their ADHD treatment more often
A research study from iPSYCH shows that people with ADHD and another psychiatric diagnosis are more likely to stop taking their ADHD medicine. Fifty percent of these individuals stop taking the medication within two years, primarily due to side effects or reduced effectiveness.
Dealing with global carbon debt
A new study proposes establishing carbon removal obligations to manage the growing global carbon debt, which could amount to 2-18 years of pre-COVID emissions. This approach aims to distribute financial flows and costs more equitably over time, ensuring a viable net-negative carbon economy.
UB team analyzes the impact of climate change in dry and hot periods in the Pyrenees
The study found that under an intermediate greenhouse emission scenario, temperatures will rise during dry episodes but long-lasting dry episodes will not increase. However, if emissions are not reduced, summer no-rain periods will last five more years and temperatures will rise by 6ºC.
Regular rapid testing detects COVID-19 soon enough to stop transmission in schools
Researchers found that proactive, frequent rapid testing is more effective at preventing large transmission clusters than delayed measures. Regular screening identified asymptomatic infections before symptoms developed, leading to a significant reduction in outbreaks.
Researchers overcome winking, napping pigs to prove brain test works
A team of scientists has successfully developed an eyeblink test for pigs, a model species for studying nutritional neuroscience in human infants. The test assesses cognitive processing in the cerebellum and demonstrates associative learning in pigs.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·DateJul 8, 2021
Newborn screening for epilepsy in sight through the discovery of novel disease biomarkers
Researchers at Radboud University have identified new biomarkers for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, enabling better and earlier treatment of the disease. The discovery could lead to optimized treatment and improved chances of preventing cognitive disability.
Hybrid enzyme catalysts synthesized by a de novo approach for expanding biocatalysis
Researchers developed hybrid enzyme catalysts using a de novo approach to expand biocatalysis, improving stability and activity. The method involves introducing defects into MOFs to alleviate diffusional restrictions and facilitating access of substrates to encapsulated enzymes.
SourceDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences·JournalChinese Journal of Catalysis·DateJul 8, 2021
Newborns to three months should be stimulated to hold and reach for objects, study says
A recent study suggests that newborns to three months old should be stimulated to hold and reach for objects. This stimulation helps their social, motor, and cognitive development. Researchers propose a novel approach to understanding imitation and manual activities, including exercises such as placing the baby's hands on different tex...
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalInfant Behavior and Development·DateJul 8, 2021
NIH researchers expand Families SHARE, an educational genomics workbook
The NIH has expanded its Families SHARE workbook, a tool that helps people use their family history to assess their risk for heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The study found that 70% of participants shared the workbook with family members and tried to assess their risk.
Ancient ostrich eggshell reveals new evidence of extreme climate change thousands of years ago
Researchers at the University of Exeter discovered that ancient ostrich eggshells from Bundu Farm site reveal evidence of extreme climate change in Southern Africa 250,000 to 350,000 years ago. The findings support other fossil animal bones and suggest a shift from wetland and grassland to arid environments after 200,000 years.
Stem cells can use same method as plants and insects to protect against viruses
Researchers have found a vital mechanism that helps mammalian stem cells protect themselves from RNA viruses. The scientists suggest this could one day be exploited in the development of new antiviral treatments.
Obscuring the truth can promote cooperation
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that overstating the level of cooperation in a society can increase cooperative behavior overall. The study used a mathematical model to simulate the creation and maintenance of a community, finding that a degree of deceit or obfuscation can promote the formation of a cooperative ...
STFC technology drives more efficient cryoEM imaging
The new Quantum C100 detector enables radical simplification of microscope design, making cryoEM widely available and accessible. This will benefit society by increasing the democratization of cryoEM technology.
More than half of university students surveyed have tried a meat alternative
A study found that over half of university students in the Midwest have tried plant-based meat alternatives, with key motivators including trying new foods and environmental concern. Students who were more environmentally conscious and had a positive attitude towards plant-based options were more likely to try them.
Study identifies gut microbes associated with toxicity to combined checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients
A study found specific gut microbiota signatures correlate with high-grade adverse events and response to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade treatment. The research identified a potential new strategy to treat toxicity while maintaining response through IL-1R inhibition or manipulation of the gut microbiota.
Early Earth was bombarded by series of city-sized asteroids
Scientists have reevaluated early Earth impacts, finding a possible x10 increase in bombardment frequency. This could have significantly altered the planet's near-surface chemistry and atmospheric evolution.
Populist anti-foreign aid rhetoric has an impact on the public - but only among fans of populist politicians, study shows
A new study by A. Burcu Bayram and Catarina Thomson found that international aid institutions should not be worried about the impact of populism on global development cooperation. Those wanting to convince the public about foreign aid should focus on transparent communication and local partnerships.
Researchers study anxiety differences between females and males
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine studied anxiety behaviors in male and female rodent models to understand sex differences in biological responses related to anxiety. They found that females experience intensified anxiety when faced with specific, life-relevant conditions, which is in line with previous studies.
Reporting of adverse effects in drug trials has only improved slightly in 17 years, new study shows
A new study analyzing 1,200 RCTs found that reporting of adverse effects has only improved slightly over the past 17 years. Researchers argue that many trials focus on benefits rather than harms, and selective reporting can misinform clinical decisions.
Seismic monitoring of permafrost uncovers trend likely related to warming
Researchers detected seasonal variations in seismic wave velocity due to changes in shallow permafrost ice content, attributed to temperature fluctuations. A linear decreasing trend in velocity was also found between 2009 and 2011, indicating an increasingly melted permafrost layer.
BU researcher receives prestigious Lucian Prize for contributions to cardiovascular science
Vasan Ramachandran, a renowned cardiovascular epidemiologist, has been awarded the Louis and Artur Lucian Award for his groundbreaking work on hypertension. His research has significantly impacted clinical practice and cardiovascular health by shedding light on high blood pressure progression and screening guidelines.
Remotely-piloted sailboats monitor 'cold pools' in tropical environments
Researchers from the University of Washington and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory gather data on cold air pools using Saildrones, which alter surface temperature, wind, and moisture over the ocean. The study provides detailed measurements of these events, shedding light on their role in tropical climate cycles.
Model predicts when rivers that cross faults will change course
Researchers created a model to predict when rivers crossing faults will abandon their channels, revealing a complex coupling between fault movement and river flow. The model can also estimate the rate of fault slip and sediment transport efficiency.
Can whale poo help save the planet?
A recent workshop report emphasizes the significant ecological importance of whales in maintaining healthy oceans. Whales help mitigate climate change through nutrient transport and carbon sequestration, while also enhancing marine productivity and promoting biodiversity.
Mapping biodiversity in South Africa's Greater Cape Floristic Region
Researchers will document species distribution, function of ecosystems and physical environment impact on biodiversity. The project aims to provide detailed biodiversity maps and improve monitoring from space globally.
Better pregnancy outcomes linked to reduction of armed conflict in Colombia
A new study has found that a ceasefire in Colombia led to better pregnancy outcomes for women who conceived after the conflict began. The analysis of over 3 million pregnancies found lower risks of stillbirths and perinatal mortality in areas with reduced conflict violence, highlighting the need for countries with long-running armed co...
Artificial intelligence provides faster diagnosis for debilitating blistering disease
A new AI system has been developed to recognize the specific pattern of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, a debilitating blistering disease that can cause scarring and blindness. The system achieved an accuracy of 89.3% in recognizing the disease, outperforming human doctors.
An early sensory shift from savory to sweet shaped the sensory biology of songbirds
A new study reveals that songbirds' ability to detect sugars emerged from a single shift in umami receptor perception early in their evolutionary history. This change likely played a critical role in the diversification of this lineage, which now comprises over half of all bird species.
Potential marker for success of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer
Researchers identified a potential biomarker, A20 protein, that can predict the success of immunotherapy in treating lung cancer. Patients with low A20 expression are less likely to respond to treatment and have poorer survival rates.
Partnership contributes toward sharp eyes for MOLLER experiment
The MOLLER experiment has received new grants totaling $9 million to support its precision measurement of the electron's weak charge. The grants come from the National Science Foundation and Canadian Foundation for Innovation, with matching awards from Research Manitoba, enabling higher-statistics results.
Brain mapping method illuminates targets for treating neuropsychiatric symptoms
Researchers developed a new approach that integrates brain lesion datasets with data on deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation to identify promising therapeutic targets. This method may help clarify the cause of neuropsychiatric conditions and relieve symptoms.
Study shows that antibodies generated by CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine are less effective against the P.1 Brazil variant
A new study reveals CoronaVac vaccine antibodies are less effective against the P.1 Brazil variant, raising concerns about vaccination program effectiveness and potential reinfection of previously infected individuals.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·JournalThe Lancet Microbe·DateJul 8, 2021
CoronaVac vaccine provides 83.5% protection against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% protection against hospitalization, interim analysis reveals
The CoronaVac vaccine demonstrated 83.5% protection against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% effectiveness against hospitalization in a phase 3 trial. The study involved adults aged 18-59 and showed high efficacy with a very good safety profile, but further data is needed on the vaccine's long-term effects and efficacy against new variants.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·JournalThe Lancet·DateJul 8, 2021
Protein supplements work for women and not men, during fasted carb-restricted training
Research by Tanja Oosthuyse and colleagues found that protein hydrolysate supplements improved training intensity in women, but not in men, during carbohydrate-restricted exercise. In contrast, the supplements made exercise feel harder for men due to increased breakdown of the supplement.
Novel study of high-potency cannabis shows some memory effects
A novel study of high-potency cannabis found memory impairments related to free recall, source memory, and false memories. However, vaping high-potency concentrates showed comparable performance to smoking low-potency flower, suggesting cautious optimism for the little-studied product.
Where does the shape of the Romanesco cauliflower come from?
Researchers discovered Romanescos are buds that never reach flowering state, resulting in stems producing new buds rapidly, creating pyramidal appearance and fractal structure.
A scalable multilayer metafabric provides passive daytime radiative cooling
Researchers developed a scalable multilayer metafabric with exceptional passive radiative cooling functionality and excellent mechanical properties. The fabric can be easily produced through industrial manufacturing routes and demonstrates promising potential for widespread application.
To splice or not to splice...
A study by Karan Bedi and colleagues found that RNA splicing is inefficient, leaving many intronic sequences unspliced. The team analyzed Bru-seq data from six cell lines and identified variable patterns of splicing across genes and cell types.
Yoga helps reduce work-related stress
A study published in the Journal of Occupational Health found that yoga is an effective method for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers. The analysis of 15 randomized clinical trials revealed that yoga and massage therapy were more effective than no intervention in alleviating work-related stress.
Wage inequality negatively impacts customer satisfaction and does not improve long-term firm performance
A new study finds that wage inequality boosts short-term profitability but harms customer satisfaction and long-term firm performance. High wages for top managers incentivize employees to exploit customers, weakening a firm's customer-oriented culture.
Multimodal analgesia: The new 'standard of care' for pain control after total joint replacement
Multimodal analgesia combines different techniques and medications to optimize pain management while minimizing opioid use and risks. Recent studies have shown that multimodal analgesia can improve pain scores and side effects compared to opioid-based regimens.
Study: Hospitalizations for eating disorders spike among adolescents during COVID
A new study suggests a significant increase in hospitalizations for eating disorders among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, with admissions more than doubling at one center. The study attributes this surge to disruptions in daily routines and social isolation, which may have triggered or worsened symptoms.
Study of indigenous language education in Russia leads to intercontinental collaboration
A study by Kazan Federal University explores the views of two Indigenous groups on language development and educational strategies. The findings show a decline in motivation among younger populations, attributed to assimilation, urban-rural differences, and globalization.
SourceKazan Federal University·JournalJournal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development·DateJul 8, 2021
Ecologists compare accuracy of lidar technologies for monitoring forest vegetation
Researchers found that mobile lidar scanning consistently provided accurate structural metrics and estimates of canopy cover and landscape metrics in various forest types and configurations. The technology has the potential to monitor a variety of forest attributes at a lower cost than other platforms.
Air pollution contributes to COVID-19 severity, suggests study in one of America's most polluted cities
A large study found that long-term exposure to high levels of air pollutants like PM2.5 increases the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Communities of color in Detroit are disproportionately affected due to systemic inequalities and higher exposure to industrial pollution.
An astounding find reveals a rare cause of epilepsy
Researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered a rare genetic mutation that can cause epilepsy. The study found that a specific receptor in brain cells behaves differently, leading to an imbalance in communication - a key factor in the development of disorders.
Large genomic analysis highlights COVID-19 risk factors
A comprehensive genome-wide association study identified 13 loci strongly associated with infection or severe COVID-19, including causal factors like smoking and high body mass index. The findings could provide targets for repurposed drugs and illustrate the power of genetic studies in infectious disease.
Total-body PET imaging exceeds industry standards
The uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner has been evaluated for its performance exceeding industry standards with ultra-high sensitivity and excellent spatial resolution. The study also proposed new phantom measurements to characterize long-AFOV scanners, enabling the testing of their performance in improving patient care.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateJul 8, 2021
New radio receiver opens wider window to radio universe
Researchers have developed a new radio receiver capable of capturing radio waves at frequencies several times wider than conventional ones. This allows for the detection of multiple types of molecules in space simultaneously, enabling significant progress in studying the evolution of the Universe and star formation.
SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·JournalPublications of the Astronomical Society of Japan·DateJul 8, 2021
Precision medicine helps identify "at-risk rapid decliners" in early-stage kidney disease
Researchers discovered 47 lipids significantly different between rapid and slow kidney function decliners, providing a platform for risk stratification. The study's findings also suggest the underlying mechanism of progressive kidney disease, which could be a future target for therapeutic intervention.
UCF study finds smaller turtles are nesting on Florida beaches
A University of Central Florida study found that smaller loggerhead and green sea turtles are nesting on Florida beaches than in the past. The researchers measured nearly 10,000 nesting female loggerheads and over 3,000 nesting female green turtles and discovered a decline in average size over the past 37 years.
How does endometriosis influence women's work life?
Research published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica finds endometriosis affects work ability and sick leave in mid-life women. A life course approach reveals poor work outcomes without association with unemployment or early retirement.
Study reports on experiences of LGB Vietnam-era veterans
A study of LGB Vietnam-era veterans found that those who identify as LGBTQ+ experience a higher burden of traumatic events, including childhood abuse and assault, which contribute to poor mental health outcomes. The study suggests that early life traumas may interact with military service experiences in complex ways.
Repurposed drugs present new strategy for treating COVID-19
A joint research group from KAIST and Institut Pasteur Korea has identified 38 potential repurposed drugs for COVID-19 treatment using a virtual screening strategy. Seven compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells, showing anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
SourceThe Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 8, 2021