A team of researchers from Tohoku University discovered a unique, purely two-dimensional Mott insulator phase that is extremely robust against various perturbations such as heating. This breakthrough has significant implications for realizing monolayer charge-density wave-Mott insulator-based devices operating at room temperatures.
Researchers developed a new mechanism of adsorption called mechanisorption, which can store significant amounts of energy by recruiting molecules onto surfaces at high concentrations. This breakthrough has implications for energy storage, controlled release, and environmental remediation.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significant growth potential across various medical applications, including cardiology and dermatology. Miniaturized OCT systems are expected to revolutionize healthcare with compact, mobile, and cost-effective devices.
Scientists successfully controlled photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) in three-dimensional space and time domain, opening up new possibilities for studying light-matter interactions and developing innovative photonic devices.
A new, bacteria-based system can detect cancer cells and release therapeutic drugs directly into them, leaving healthy cells intact. The technology has shown promising results in preclinical tests on mice, particularly for liver cancer.
A team of researchers from Japan has developed a platform using nanofibers to capture and control the migration of brain tumor cells, including glioblastoma multiforme. The study found that varying fiber densities can slow or speed up cell movement, leading to the creation of 'cell traps' that can restrict tumor cell growth.
Researchers developed an electrochemical strategy for hydrogenation of N-heterocycles over a bifunctional MoNi4 electrode, achieving high Faradaic efficiency and selectivity. The method uses water as a hydrogen source, avoiding flammable gases and toxic substances.
Researchers suggest that cognition is a group activity, not an individual one. Studies show brain regions activated in people communicating or cooperating on tasks, highlighting the need to look beyond individual brains.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) triggers cognitive and psychiatric symptoms through gut-brain axis response, study finds. The gut's vascular barrier closing may impair brain function and hinder communications between organs.
Researchers identified a new family of marine megaphages with genomes over 650 kb in length, which could impact biogeochemical cycling. These 'megaphages', found in the English Channel, are distantly related to human gut phages and represent a new family in the marine environment.
Scientists at Einstein College of Medicine have successfully suppressed HIV infections in mice using a novel treatment strategy that boosts the immune system's CD8+ T cells. The therapy, known as synTac, selectively targets HIV-infected T cells, eliminating them from the body and offering a potential path to a functional cure for HIV.
A modelling study suggests that COVID-19 could lead to the collapse of a population of mountain gorillas living in Volcanoes National Park. The risk is higher due to lower availability of treatments for gorillas, but measures like mask-wearing and vaccination can limit transmission.
Research reveals that intense ivory poaching during the Mozambican Civil War led to a rapid increase in tusklessness among female African elephants. The study found a sex-linked genetic origin for this trait, with whole-genome analysis identifying key candidate genes involved in mammalian tooth development.
A University of Michigan-led team discovered how mollusks build pearls with precise symmetry and layers, governed by the phenomenon of 1/f noise. The study found that pearls lack true long-range order but exhibit medium-range order, maintaining consistency and durability.
Scientists have designed a compact photonic circuit that uses sound waves to control light, outperforming previous alternatives and optimizing compatibility with atom-based sensors. The new device is simple in design, uses common optical materials, and can be adapted for different wavelengths of light.
Two studies confirm that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces both COVID-19 hospitalization rates and severe illnesses among adolescents aged 12-18. A CDC-supported study found two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to be 93% effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Toshiba has developed the world's first chip-based quantum key distribution (QKD) system, enabling mass manufacture of quantum security technology. This advancement will bring quantum cryptography to a wider range of scenarios, including IoT solutions.
Researchers at University of Cambridge have developed lab-grown mini brains that can mimic the development of motor neurone disease and frontotemporal dementia. The models, grown for up to 340 days, provide valuable insights into early stages of these devastating conditions.
Researchers found that blood flow simulation analysis can identify device-related thrombosis risks in left atrial appendage occluders. Personalized simulations before and after operation may improve patient outcomes.
A new study has shown that a commonly prescribed antidepressant for agitation in people with dementia is no more effective than a placebo and may even increase mortality. The research found no improvement in agitation symptoms among those taking mirtazapine, a drug previously thought to be beneficial.
Research from University of Pennsylvania team shows that vaccine mandates have positive effects on vaccination intentions, particularly for those who oppose forced behavior. Mandates strengthen vaccination intentions, regardless of racial or ethnic group, and for individuals with a disposition towards psychological reactance.
Research reviews show that back pain in space is often sciatica, a form of back pain radiating down the legs. Astronauts experience changes in spine curvature due to microgravity, leading to acute and chronic pain upon return to Earth.
Researchers discovered that bacteria exchange mobile genetic elements to defend against viruses, enabling rapid evolution of innate immunity and development of resistance. This finding has significant implications for designing phage-based therapies against bacterial infections.
Researchers demonstrated record-long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over a 605-kilometer fiber using twin-field QKD and new signal stabilization technique. This achievement enables the transmission of highly secure information between cities.
Researchers uncover two new species, a small lizard (Sciroseps pawhuskai) and a fish (Anomoeodus caddoi), from the Lower Cretaceous Holly Creek Formation in southwest Arkansas. The discovery provides valuable insights into the diversity of animals living during the Early Cretaceous Period.
Researchers from the TiPES project use algebraic topology to analyze climate models, revealing abrupt transitions and potential tipping points. This method may help predict when the climate system will shift due to global warming.
Researchers found fossilized embryos of the same species inside eggs, indicating a herd-like behavior. The site showed a well-organized herd structure, with dinosaur babies' fossils near the nests and juveniles grouped together.
A team led by NYU Langone's Robert Montgomery successfully transplanted a genetically engineered pig kidney into a human body, marking a major step forward in xenotransplantation. The procedure, performed on September 25, 2021, used a GalSafeTM pig with the alpha-gal biomolecule removed to avoid rejection.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine has found no correlation between COVID-19 vaccinations and risk of first-trimester miscarriages. Vaccination during pregnancy is safe and provides protection to the newborn infant against COVID-19 infection.
A team of scientists has discovered the oldest modern-looking crab, Cretapsara athanata, preserved in 100-million-year-old amber. The fossil is remarkably complete, including delicate tissues and well-developed gills, revealing an aquatic to semi-aquatic animal that defies explanation for its preservation in tree resin.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a novel method called Repair-seq to understand genome editing tools, revealing complex mechanisms of DNA repair. This work improves the CRISPR gene-editing method by identifying new pathways and optimizing systems.
A newly discovered ancient crab fossil, Cretapsara athanata, has shed new light on the evolution of crabs. The 100 million-year-old fossil, found in amber, provides evidence that crabs transitioned to land around 100 million years ago, bridging a previously unknown gap in their evolutionary history.
New research from the University of Arizona suggests that a slowdown in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will intensify extreme cold weather in the US. The study found that without the AMOC, extremely cold winter weather would become more frequent and severe.
A new study found that most people maintain their pre-retirement level of social support after retirement, with women and those with high social support experiencing an improvement in mental wellbeing. The research also shows an increase in life satisfaction for couples where either the man or woman retired.
Researchers analyze competition among high-profile Twitter users and suggest a revenue-sharing program to increase user engagement. The study found that sharing revenues with all tweeting players, not just top performers, is more effective and less expensive for the platform.
Researchers identify a twist-angle dependent exciton in WS2/WSe2 heterobilayers, characterized by an intralayer exciton with transition dipole moment parallel to the atomic plane. The exciton's orientation and energy are found to be independent of the twist angle.
Researchers at Yale Cancer Center are launching a new tissue mapping center to study the role of senescent immune cells in development, aging, and disease. The goal is to develop strategies to target senescent cells to battle aging and cancer.
Scientists develop injectable hydrogels to effectively prevent post-surgical adhesions, reducing complications and hospital costs. The hydrogel barriers demonstrate superior mechanical properties and effective prevention of cell adherence.
A team of international scientists has shown that skeletal muscle cells from people with type 2 diabetes have a different circadian rhythm, leading to altered mitochondrial metabolism. The study suggests that considering cellular rhythms when prescribing treatments for type 2 diabetes could optimize their effectiveness.
Researchers create maps of senescence in heart and lung cells, comparing different types of senescent cells across the lifespan. The goal is to understand how senescent cells contribute to age-related diseases and develop therapies called senolytics.
Researchers developed a biodegradable polymer called polylactide (PLA) with RNA-inspired breaking points, which can break down faster in seawater. The degradation rate of the polymer can be tailored depending on the amount of breaking points, offering a potential solution to marine pollution.
A Chinese research team reconstructed past 6,000-year history of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW) intrusion into the Ross Sea using ornithogenic sediments. The study found two periods of enhanced MCDW intrusion linked to changes in sea ice and ecological patterns.
The Lancet Countdown report highlights the urgent need for globally coordinated action to mitigate climate change and address health inequities. Countries are under-prepared for the health effects of climate change, with only 49% having a national plan or strategy.
A study of 9,739 adults found that those with stable overweight and obesity had elevated cardiac troponin I levels, a marker of subclinical heart injury. Long-standing obesity is associated with injurious effects on cardiac health before symptoms occur.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Emory University have developed an innovative method for delivering vaccines, including those for COVID-19, using a handheld electroporator. The device is powered by a BBQ lighter and uses microneedle technology to reduce the complexity and cost of vaccine delivery.
The new AI-CARING initiative aims to develop robotics and artificial-intelligence systems to help seniors manage daily activities, including medication schedules and meal preparation. The project also seeks to grow employment opportunities and educational programs in the field of AI-robotics, with UMass Lowell as a key partner.
A recent study published in Nature Machine Intelligence challenges the long-held assumption that accuracy and fairness are mutually exclusive in machine learning. Researchers found that optimizing models for accuracy does not necessarily compromise fairness, particularly when adjustments are made to data, labels, and scoring systems.
LGBTQ+ surgical residents in the US reported higher instances of prejudice, often perpetrated by attending surgeons, leading to a hostile environment. The study aims to shed light on this issue and inform strategies for improving inclusivity in medical training.
Researchers challenge long-held notion that humans are bad for ecosystems, finding no correlation between remoteness and coral reef resilience. Instead, areas with higher human influence may recover faster from disturbances due to shifts in coral population dynamics.
A new supplemental issue of The Journals of Gerontology, Series B investigates motivation's role in healthy aging. Motivation science examines desires, dislikes, and fears to understand goal pursuit and aging processes.
Researchers found that urban waste products applied to agricultural fields in France contained higher levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) than livestock manures. The study also detected a shift towards more persistent PFAS compounds over time, raising toxicity concerns.
The University of Ottawa has launched the Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health (ICBH), a leading research center examining biological, social, economic, and cultural determinants of Black health. The ICBH aims to identify priorities in research on physical and mental health disparities among Canada's Black communities.
Researchers at GIST create an optical technique called optical speckle image velocimetry that can image dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow, allowing for the diagnosis of brain health. The technique provides high-time resolution and measures both speed and direction of blood flow.
Scientists linked SOS data to grain prices in five African countries, increasing predictive power by up to 25% in some cases. The study's findings enable earlier forecasts of potential famine, with implications for humanitarian aid.
Severe vomiting during pregnancy, known as hyperemesis gravidarum, drives women to terminate wanted pregnancies. The condition also affects mental health, with 25.5% experiencing suicidal thoughts. Improving support systems is crucial for these women.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh and Prairie View A&M University developed an algorithm to repurpose cancer drugs for pulmonary hypertension, a devastating lung disease. Two compounds improved human cells and rodent markers, supporting broader drug-repurposing platform use.
Researchers found that somatostatin interneurons can cause seizures when they go haywire, disrupting the brain's balance. The study identified a rare epilepsy syndrome and developed mouse models to understand the neurological dysfunction, paving the way for new treatments.
A new study from MIT reveals that calorie-restricted diets slow tumor growth in mice by reducing fatty acid availability, while ketogenic diets have limited effect. The findings offer insight into how dietary interventions might be combined with existing or emerging drugs to help patients with cancer.
Scientists at Wuhan University have developed a novel method to synthesize 2D rare earth oxides (REOs) with specific facets. The technique uses a facet controlling assistor to control the growth mode and direction of crystals, leading to anisotropic growth of non-layered REOs materials.
A new study from the University of Southampton demonstrates a safe method to clean and reuse facemask respirators using advanced low-temperature plasma technology. This technique can remove 99.99% of coronavirus while maintaining filter performance, reducing plastic waste by approximately 70%.