Epidemiological studies confirm that transportation noise increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, leading to ischaemic heart disease. The authors review the effects of noise on vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and hypertension, highlighting the need for noise-mitigation efforts and legislation.
A study by LSU Health New Orleans identified how Zika virus disrupts neuronal development, leading to microcephaly and blindness. The research team found that a molecular motor called Kinesin-5 is targeted by the Zika protease, which causes cell division disruptions and loss of function.
A new study finds that starting your day with a quick morning reflection can make you a better leader, even if you're not in a leadership role. Researchers suggest taking just a few minutes to reflect on who you want to be as a leader and how you can help others.
Researchers aim to create implant surfaces with antibacterial features, inspired by natural materials like insect wings and lotus leaves. The goal is to reduce prosthetic infections, which cause significant costs to healthcare systems.
Research shows that social distancing is equally important as mask wearing when people are indoors, even without coughing or sneezing. The study also highlights the need for better mask design to reduce droplet leakage and adequate ventilation systems to minimize airborne transmission.
Researchers found that spatial constraints from the surrounding environment significantly affect tumor evolution, leading to diverse mutational patterns among patients. The study highlights the importance of tissue architecture in regulating tumor growth and behavior.
A new study confirms that children with Down syndrome have a substantially increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) before age 5. The research found that 2.8% of children with Down syndrome were diagnosed with leukemia, compared to 0.05% of other children.
A new study expands evaluation of gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. Treatment with onasemnogene abeparvovec is associated with an immune response, but showed no long-term adverse effects.
Researchers at POSTECH have designed a metasurface that can control acoustic and elastic waves, achieving underwater stealth capability untraceable by SONAR. The technology also enables drastic alteration of wave propagation through curved plates, such as vibrations.
Sea urchin larvae use light to control digestion by opening and closing the pylorus, a critical component of the digestive tract. This finding suggests that early brain functions may have included regulating digestion, providing insights into animal evolution.
The 'MiningImpact' project monitors the first in-situ test of a prototype collector vehicle, assessing environmental impacts of deep-sea mining on ecosystems. The study aims to inform improved standards for mining codes, focusing on ecosystem health and biodiversity loss.
Researchers discovered novel neurocircuitry in mice that links leptin to the brain's dopamine reward system, reducing food intake. The study suggests targeting specific neurons may help treat anorexia nervosa and support dieting in obese individuals.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed a revolutionary technology that could dramatically improve diabetes treatment through an oral delivery system. The system uses nano-particles to deliver insulin and has been shown to be biocompatible, stable, and glucose-responsive.
Researchers developed a low-cost 3D-printed microfluidic bioreactor for real-time observation of growing organoids. The device reduced cell death and improved tissue development, enabling seven-day observations of brain organoids.
Researchers found that fruit flies use decision-making, learning and memory to escape heat, a process that challenges traditional thinking on self-driving cars. The study's findings suggest that simple navigation can contain complex behavior, paving the way for future work in this area.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have identified a gene, Rpg7, responsible for high stem rust resistance in wild barley from Jordan. This discovery could provide valuable insights into breeding programs to combat this devastating disease affecting global cereal crops.
A University of Tsukuba study identifies a cost-effective way to promote dietitian-led patient education and lifestyle advice for chronic kidney disease management. By adjusting reimbursements and incentivizing general physicians, the intervention can slow CKD progression and extend patients' lives.
Researchers developed a low-cost technology that harnesses excess grid pressure to generate electricity, reducing diesel generator use and carbon footprint. Annual savings and CO2 emissions reductions reached €2,400 and up to 9 tons respectively, benefiting farmers in off-grid areas.
Research by the University of Granada found that women experiencing stress before conception are almost twice as likely to give birth to a girl. Higher cortisol levels in hair were also detected in mothers who gave birth to girls, suggesting a possible biological mechanism.
Researchers found that patients with medical risk factors or from underserved communities opted for telehealth appointments, which led to fewer diagnostic tests and medications. Despite the benefits of increased access to care, researchers note potential pitfalls and plan to examine patient outcomes.
A study found that young people with autism spectrum disorder adapted better than expected to lockdown conditions, improving their communication and relationships with families. Technological support and increased family time also played a role in their well-being.
Researchers determined the structure of Glycine Transporter 1, a protein responsible for glycine uptake in neurons. The discovery could lead to developing inhibitors targeting this protein to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
Satellite images reveal 35 years of changes in North Carolina's Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, showing 11% of tree cover taken over by ghost forests. Extreme weather events contribute to the spread of saltwater inland, poisoning soils and killing tree species.
Across most of the western US, dry periods between rainstorms have become longer and annual rainfall has become more erratic over the last 50 years. This is according to a new study that used actual rainfall data from 337 weather stations, revealing changes in drought length and rainfall patterns.
A study by McGill University found that Canadians exposed to US-based information on social media are more likely to consume and spread COVID-19 misinformation. The researchers analyzed the behaviors of 200,000 active Canadian Twitter users and found that exposure to US news outlets was associated with misperceptions about COVID-19.
Research reveals enhanced western Pacific MJO-related convection during the 2015/2016 super El Niô event. The warm SST anomaly was located more westward than previous events, leading to increased moisture and air temperature in the central-western Pacific.
An international study reveals that the MutS protein, known as the guardian of our genome, coordinates the essential DNA repair process from beginning to end. The researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the protein and describe its mechanism of action.
A study published in Radiology found that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) reduces the rate of interval cancers, which are more aggressive than screen-detected cancers. The study suggests that DBT may contribute to lower breast cancer mortality by detecting rapidly growing cancers with poorer prognosis.
A study conducted by researchers at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that family meal routines, such as sharing food and engaging in pleasant conversation, contribute to healthier eating habits among adolescents. The Mediterranean diet's emphasis on conviviality is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle.
UC Riverside researchers identified a gene, RCB, that enables plants to sense heat and respond accordingly. This discovery is crucial in developing heat-tolerant crops to address the impact of global warming on crop yields by one-third by 2050.
Researchers used coda wave interferometry to determine the location of underground chemical explosions and characterize damage caused by an explosion. The technique can improve estimates of larger explosion locations and put a limit on damage extent.
Researchers at Nagoya University discovered a DNA-like molecule called XNA that could be synthesized without enzymes, supporting the hypothesis of an XNA world before the RNA world. The findings suggest that XNAs can carry genetic code stably and potentially transfer genetic information between DNA and RNA.
Scientists identified microRNA-29 as a powerful controller of brain maturation, which was found to be depleted in mice with autism-like symptoms. The study suggests that boosting levels of miR-29 could lead to therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
A global study has revealed that aquatic invasive species have caused significant economic losses, with an estimated $345 billion in damages since the 1970s. The study found that the largest costs were reported in North America and Asia, mainly due to damage to infrastructures, fisheries, and healthcare systems.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal highlights the need to rethink antihistamine use, as millions worldwide take these medications incorrectly. The study emphasizes that newer generation antihistamines are safer and more effective than first-generation antihistamines.
Valerie Bryson's new book argues for an inclusive form of socialist feminism that prioritizes women with multiple disadvantages. The discussion featured a panel of inspirational women who shared their personal journeys and experiences with feminism, highlighting the importance of intersectionality and activism.
Researchers at UVA Cancer Center discovered that antibody approaches targeting death receptor-5 could be revived by co-targeting negative biological processes with immune-activating therapy. This combination therapy increased the effectiveness of cancer killer immune cells, shrinking tumors and improving survival in lab mice.
A study published in eLife suggests that high social status contributes to accelerated aging in male baboons, with higher body mass index and increased physical demands being key factors. In contrast, early life adversity is not a significant predictor of premature aging.
Archana Kamal, a physics professor at UMass Lowell, has received over $1 million in funding from the NSF and Air Force for her research on quantum information processing. Her project aims to develop self-correcting qubits using quantum reservoir engineering to address decoherence issues.
Researchers create a microfluidic probe that generates free radicals with controlled size and concentration, allowing them to manipulate small areas on cellular surfaces. This approach enables the study of cell reactions to radicals in a controlled way, opening up new possibilities for subcellular research.
Research by ASU researchers finds that Kenyan Turkana pastoralist warriors experience PTSD symptoms similar to Western combat veterans, but with lower rates of depressive symptoms. The study suggests that aspects of Turkana military organization and practice may contribute to the difference.
The discovery of four double quasars offers insights into galaxy formation and the evolution of supermassive black holes. Quasars are brilliant beacons that can outshine entire galaxies, and their proximity in merging galaxies provides a unique window into the early universe.
A study of over 10,000 papers reveals significant impacts of human sounds on marine mammals, fish, and invertebrates, disrupting behaviors such as communication, foraging, and navigation. Researchers suggest solutions like reducing shipping speeds, quieter propellers, and floating wind turbines to alleviate anthropogenic noise.
The Vilcek Foundation has launched a digital celebration to recognize the 2021 Vilcek Foundation Prizewinners. Four scientists from diverse backgrounds are being honored for their groundbreaking contributions to biomedical science and creative promise in filmmaking.
A recent study by Duke University researchers reveals that male baboons who attain high social status experience accelerated aging due to the physical and energetic demands of competing for dominance. This is in contrast to humans, where high social status typically predicts better health.
Researchers discovered two subsets of tumor cells that can be targeted using different methods, one inducing ferroptosis and the other inhibiting antioxidant production. The study found that combining these approaches could improve treatment outcomes for small cell lung cancer patients.
Seven African organizations have received funding for innovative COVID-19 data projects from the NYU Tandon School of Engineering, GovLab, and AFD. The projects aim to address social, economic, and health challenges in Africa through new collaborations with non-traditional datasets.
A new study published in the Journal of Pain found that when male and female patients express the same amount of pain, women's pain is perceived as less intense. The researchers analyzed facial expressions and self-reported pain levels to measure bias, concluding that gender stereotypes play a role in these disparities.
A recent fossil discovery of four new snakefly species has deepened the mystery surrounding their evolutionary history and distribution. The ancient insects, dating back 50 million years, were found in British Columbia and Washington state, where scientists had previously believed they required cold winters to thrive.
Research reveals lakes promote latent heat mixing but suppress carbon dioxide exchange compared to other land surfaces. The findings published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences highlight the need for future field experiments to investigate energy and carbon dioxide exchange at different scales.
Researchers observed complete atomic structure of MnSOD and tracked proton movements using neutron scattering, revealing cyclic proton transfers between amino acids and solvent molecules. The findings open avenue for studying other electron-transfer enzymes.
Legalization of recreational cannabis may be associated with a small but significant increase in fatal motor vehicle collisions. The number of individuals who reported driving after recent cannabis use increased significantly after legalization.
A new study found that compact logos, where letters are closely spaced, encourage favorable brand attitudes and perceptions of product safety. Consumers associate tight lettering with sturdiness and security, whereas loose spacing implies vulnerability.
Researchers have found that pathogenic soil microbes impede seedling emergence and subsequent growth in the centre of spinifex rings. The study suggests that older parts of the plant succumb to a build-up of these microbes, while new seedlings establish at the outside edge of the rings.
Researchers aim to characterize sIBM disease progression and explore biomarkers associated with the disease to design more effective clinical trials. The study will enroll 150 subjects and investigate differences in disease phenotype and disease progression, including muscle pathology.
The Tibetan Plateau has warmed more rapidly than the global average in recent decades, primarily caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The plateau's rapid warming poses significant risks for regional hydrological cycles and ecosystem services.
A new study finds that people with HIV who experienced intimate partner violence are more likely to engage in riskier behaviors and have poor adherence to HIV treatment. IPV is associated with increased depression, anxiety, and poor clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for screening and supportive services.
Researchers found that neural networks trained on sound files of human language reached higher performance in image recognition, identifying objects and animals correctly 92% of the time. Using sound as a training tool improved results even with limited training data, outperforming traditional binary input methods.
Researchers used AI to identify three new MS subtypes based on brain images, which can help predict disease progression and treatment response. The study found a clear difference in patients' response to different treatments by subtype, paving the way for individualized treatment planning.
A new commentary examines links between air pollution and COVID-19 outcomes, finding associations between long-term fine particle exposure and increased mortality. Higher air pollution exposure also impairs the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to viruses and more severe infections.