Researchers at Brown University developed a new modeling approach that captures the impact of behavioral components on infectious disease transmission. The model accurately reproduces case rates throughout the pandemic in the US and individual states, providing valuable insights for forecasting future trends and scenarios.
A recent study by Hebrew University researchers identified molecular factors that allow birds to fly, differing from mammals and reptiles. The ephrin-B3 molecule plays a crucial role in coordinating wing movement, enabling birds to flap and take flight.
This autopsy study investigated skeletal muscle and myocardial inflammation in patients with COVID-19, compared to those dying from other causes. The findings suggest distinct inflammatory patterns in the two groups, which may help explain COVID-19 severity and mortality.
The Rice University engineers have unveiled the process of MoS2's synthesis in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace. Their simulations showed that it takes three steps to deposit an atomically thin lattice onto a surface, involving sublimation, reaction with sulfur atoms, and crystallization.
Thomas Jefferson University researchers identified a highly efficient human reverse transcriptase, polymerase theta, which can convert RNA sequences back into DNA. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that polymerases only work in one direction and has implications for various fields of biology.
Scientists at MedUni Vienna have successfully developed a bionic foot for a bearded vulture named Mia using osseointegration, a technique that directly attaches the prosthetic to the bone. The procedure has enabled Mia to regain her ability to land and walk with both feet, making her the first 'bionic bird'.
Satellite galaxies that orbit massive central galaxies can form new stars due to active black holes clearing their path through intergalactic gas. Researchers used systematic observations and cosmological simulations to find this counter-intuitive effect.
A study found that nearly half of patients with gynecologic cancer experience financial toxicity, which can lead to worsening health outcomes. Younger patients are at a higher risk due to limited financial safety nets and ability to work.
A study published in Immunity found that COVID-19 causes severe inflammation in the brain, involving microglial cells and T-cell interactions. The research reveals a unique inflammatory pattern compared to other brain diseases, suggesting a misdirected immune response contributing to symptoms.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba developed a novel technique to generate BM chimeric mice without irradiation, promoting cost-effectiveness and animal safety. This approach enables scientists to study the immune system in both healthy and diseased states using culture-based enrichment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Researchers developed a deep learning network using data from over 20,000 patients to predict annualized risk for heart attack or death. The network identified regions of the heart associated with high-risk patients and provided rapid risk scores.
A study by MUSC researchers found that the transcription factor GATA6 plays a crucial role in liver cell development, allowing cells to differentiate into liver cells rather than other types. This finding could provide insight into how inherited liver diseases occur in children.
Care home residents over 70 have a delayed and weaker immune response to vaccines compared to younger individuals, making them more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections. This phenomenon has been confirmed by researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
A study led by the University of Warwick predicts that four massive planets in a perfect rhythm will be destabilized and turned into a chaotic system when their sun becomes a white dwarf. The planets' movements will become highly uncertain, with even small changes having a significant impact on the outcome.
This study examines the association of anticoagulation treatment with mortality rates in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, finding a significant link between anticoagulation and increased mortality. The study's findings suggest that anticoagulation therapy may not be beneficial for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
A study published in Science Advances found that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of opioid addiction and excessive sun-seeking behavior. Researchers discovered that modulating vitamin D levels can change addictive behaviors to both UV and opioids, and that patients with low vitamin D levels are more likely to use opioids.
A new study of nearly 30,000 patients found that Black and white women have the same prevalence of genetic mutations associated with breast cancer risk. Younger age and ER-negative breast cancer were identified as risk factors in genes including BRCA1 and BRCA2.
A University of California, San Diego study uses AI to analyze gene expression patterns associated with pandemic viral infections. The analysis reveals two telltale signatures that help define patients' immune responses and measure disease severity. These findings provide a map for predicting patient outcomes and testing therapies.
The 5th International Conference for Missing Children and Adults brought together experts to discuss key findings on prevention, investigation, and support. The conference highlighted the importance of collaborative approaches and innovative strategies in addressing missing persons cases.
The study found a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and symptom severity in patients with the virus. Researchers discovered that higher RNA levels were linked to more severe symptoms, suggesting a possible correlation between viral load and disease progression.
Researchers synthesized vanadates and vanadites of rare-earth metals to treat polyolephin plastic waste. The process increases gas liberation and changes end product composition, producing light olefins and syngas. This technology may lead to the development of new polymer waste treatment methods.
The Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf has been losing a significant portion of its area in recent years, causing the glacier to speed up. The study found that internal forces on the glacier are responsible for this process, which could lead to a more rapid and abrupt collapse.
A team of researchers at the University of Texas at Austin has applied a machine learning algorithm to analyze Synthetic Aperture Radar images and create detailed maps of land types. This new approach can help predict storm surge risk and inform mitigation strategies, such as building 'green walls' to protect inland areas.
A team of researchers from IPK used large-scale data to develop predictive models for yield stability in hybrid varieties of wheat. By analyzing over 13,000 genotypes and 125,000 yield plots, they were able to double the accuracy of their predictions.
Heavy fermion systems like CeRh6Ge4 display a 'strange metal' phase with linear resistivity and logarithmic specific heat coefficient upon pressure application. This behavior is similar to cuprate superconductors, indicating an unconventional quantum critical point.
The EMPOWER STEM program pairs University of Arizona students and researchers with Naval Research Laboratory scientists to learn about the latest technologies in the Department of Defense. The initiative aims to provide a route to government research jobs for students from diverse backgrounds, with a focus on student veterans.
Two studies demonstrate the impact of gender-neutral HPV vaccination on overall protection against HRHPV infections, even with low vaccination coverage. In Finland, communities with both boys and girls vaccinated saw a significant decrease in cervical HPV16/18 infections, including among unvaccinated women due to the herd effect.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new magnet design that changes brightness based on viewing angle, utilizing chiral organic molecules in layered crystal structures. The material exhibits magic mirror characteristics and can be switched by low magnetic fields.
Researchers at Penn develop a framework for designing public institutions that promote cooperation regardless of social norms, exploring indirect reciprocity and reputation monitoring systems. The model finds cooperation can flourish under various social norms and institutions adhere to assessments by social contagion, holding potentia...
Researchers have discovered a unique 'blinking giant' binary star system, where a giant star is eclipsed by an unseen orbital companion every few decades. The system has been spotted near the centre of the Milky Way, more than 25,000 light years away.
Researchers developed a novel gene therapy approach that utilizes acetaminophen to correct disease-causing mutations and make liver cells immune to its toxic effects. This allows treated cells to multiply and reduces the need for liver transplants in treating genetic disorders.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a method to make commercially available PCR tests shelf-stable for up to 30 days by freeze-drying the reagents with a standard preservative. This breakthrough could enable widespread COVID-19 testing in low-resource settings and reduce logistical challenges.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology and NEC Corporation have developed a novel 28-GHz phased-array transceiver that supports efficient and reliable 5G communications. The proposed transceiver features fast beam switching and leakage cancellation mechanism, leading to improved MIMO efficiency and lower latency.
Daejong Kim is developing foil bearings for small engines used in aerospace applications, reducing maintenance costs and increasing efficiency. Hybrid foil bearings increase load capacity dramatically compared to traditional foil bearings.
A University of Minnesota-led study found that magnetoelastic coupling is a significant contributor to energy loss in spintronic materials. This discovery could lead to the development of ultralow-damping materials for more efficient computing and data storage devices.
Researchers found that firms with a larger advertising share of voice have lower stock price synchronicity, indicating reduced risk of being 'tarred by the same brush' as competitors. Advertising can also provide firm-specific information to investors, reducing information asymmetry and increasing investor willingness to provide capital.
A new model by Carnegie Mellon University economist Deeksha Gupta proposes a scenario where large lenders boost high-risk activity to prop up housing prices. This dynamic can stabilize housing prices but also increase financial fragility through higher defaults during busts.
A new study suggests that earliest memories can start from the age of two-and-a-half, contrary to previous estimates. The research, which reviewed decades of data and analyzed 992 participants, confirms that children's earliest memories come before when they think it happened.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle delivery system to stimulate blood vessel growth in the newborn lung, improving survival rates from 70% to 35%. The treatment involves delivering an engineered nanoparticle carrying a STAT3 gene vector, which prompts blood vessel growth and improves lung function.
Researchers found that a specific strain of Phytophthora infestans, known as FAM-1, was responsible for the Irish potato famine and spread to six continents. The pathogen caused massive outbreaks in Europe, leading to widespread starvation and migration.
Researchers identified microglia as key cell type responsible for brain changes in OUD, revealing a critical role for neuroinflammation in driving pathological alterations. The study also uncovered new mechanisms by which opioids alter brain structure and function, leading to behavioral changes.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology developed a high-performance plastic foam from whey proteins that can withstand extreme temperatures. The material, which improves its mechanical performance after days of exposure to high temperatures, has potential applications in filtration, thermal insulation, and fluid absorption.
Researchers propose comprehensive explanation of sun cycles based on planetary attractive forces, reproducing known solar activity fluctuations. However, long-term forecasts become impossible due to chaotic process in activity over thousands of years.
The study reveals the existence of moiré trions, confined electronic excited states that exhibit novel characteristics and differ from conventional trions. Moiré trions can emit single photons, making them a feasible optical source for quantum information technology.
A Harvard study found that white men having a Black neighbor as children are more likely to be Democrats and less likely to be Republicans. The analysis linked historical data from the 1940 US Census with contemporary voter files, revealing correlations between early-life exposure and long-term political views.
Researchers identified 22 invasive plants threatening native species in New England, while 16 also impact agriculture, human health, or the economy. Home gardeners' access to these high-risk species can accelerate their introduction, highlighting the need for proactive management and regulation.
Researchers at Université catholique de Louvain discovered that DHA slows the development of tumors by poisoning cancer cells through a phenomenon called ferroptosis. This mechanism is triggered when acidotic tumor cells absorb excessive amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to cell death.
University of Leicester academics developed a pioneering device to help doctors and nurses communicate clearly whilst wearing PPE. The MedicCom uses a throat microphone to amplify sound, enabling patients to better hear medical staff caring for them.
A new framework for using community science data to monitor global biodiversity change has been developed by California Academy of Sciences researchers. The framework shows that community science data is not only useful, but necessary for uncovering real-time impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss.
A survey study examined the diversity of editors at leading medical and scientific journals, finding significant disparities in gender, race, and ethnicity. The study also investigated the representation of sexual orientation among editors, highlighting a need for increased diversity and inclusion in the editorial process.
Scientists have identified two brain areas involved in tracking uncertainty about unwelcome events, such as negative news. The anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were found to encode information about attitudes toward good and bad possibilities separately.
New research shows that dense sweet pittosporum canopies reduce bird richness and abundance, leading to declines in ground-dwelling birds. Restoration projects must balance weed control with retention of structural value to support local plants and animals.
A new study by Stanford University researchers reports that international medical graduates are disproportionately affected by COVID-19-related deaths in the US. The study found that these physicians were more likely to contract and die from the virus due to factors such as underemployment and lack of resources.
Researchers found associations between Medicare Advantage star ratings and disparities in care for racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income enrollees. The study suggests that star ratings may not accurately reflect the quality of care provided to these populations.
Research investigates ferric oxalate's role in atmospheric oxidation, revealing its contribution to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and affecting radiative forcing. The study highlights the significance of superoxide radicals in oxidizing organic compounds.
A recent study has found a possible link between prostate cancer and schizophrenia, with certain gene polymorphisms correlated to disease prognosis. Polymorphisms in genes controlling neurotransmitter metabolism were studied in patients with prostate cancer, revealing a potential protective effect against schizophrenia-like symptoms.
Researchers developed a simple-to-use Multivariable Integrated Evaluation Tool (MVIETool) to facilitate climate model evaluation and models inter-comparison. The improved MVIE method provides a more comprehensive and precise evaluation of climate model performance, including accurate evaluation results for spatial fields.
A new study from the University of Georgia found that investing in more physical activity programming could help curb healthcare worker burnout and improve their mental and emotional health. The research also showed that leisure-time physical activity can help exit the stress cycle, but only when done correctly.
The study identifies a correlation between the progression of Alzheimer's disease and nuclear aggregates in brain cells. The findings suggest that these aggregates have a function in manipulating gene expression and may be part of AD pathology.
Scientists have made significant progress in understanding the atmospheric oxidation capacity, which is crucial for reducing smog and haze formation. Researchers have developed indexes to characterize this capacity in Beijing and plan to apply them in other highly polluted regions of China.