A lunar sample from the Apollo 17 mission has been analysed to determine its age, source crater and geological trajectory. The study suggests the sample is around 4.2 billion years old, providing a valuable reference point for understanding the Moon's early evolution and Earth's origins.
Researchers at Yokohama National University have discovered a new family of atomic-thin electride materials, which could have potential applications in nanotechnologies. The newly discovered electrides are insulators, but unlike other insulators, they can be made conductive by adding or removing electrons.
A West Virginia University study found that college students' initial status of self-control is partly dependent on their willingness to try new things and their maternal attachment. Students who are less interested in trying new things and have a secure attachment to their mothers tend to maintain stable control throughout the year. C...
Researchers developed a new framework to establish safe thresholds for antimicrobial release into the environment, addressing the global health threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The framework provides guidance on risk assessment and could inform policy to reduce antimicrobial levels in water systems, helping to mitigate resistance.
A new calibration sample set for milk urea nitrogen testing has been developed to improve accuracy in measuring nitrogen use by dairy cows. This improvement is crucial for understanding the environmental and economic impacts of dairy farming.
Researchers used machine learning to test and improve long-stagnant theories of human decision-making by analyzing a large dataset of risky choices. The study found that deep neural networks could mimic human decisions with high accuracy, revealing underlying psychological properties of established behavioral theories.
Researchers found that metformin prevents pulmonary inflammation, a major factor in COVID-19 severity and mortality, by inhibiting inflammasome activation and reducing IL-1β production. Metformin may have therapeutic potential for treating severe COVID-19 and other forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Scientists have discovered a novel way to convert post-consumer plastic into vanillin, a valuable industrial chemical. This breakthrough could boost the circular economy by turning harmful plastics into a carbon resource and promoting sustainability.
The NIH has launched the UNITE initiative to address structural racism in biomedicine, focusing on increasing diversity and inclusion. The initiative aims to tackle issues such as lack of representation from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, persistent disparities in grant success rates for Black scientists.
A survey study among women with breast cancer in Mexico found a high hesitancy rate toward COVID-19 vaccination due to concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. The study highlights the need for healthcare providers to address these concerns and improve access to vaccination services for this vulnerable population.
The University of the Basque Country's research team has created mortars and concretes with optimal thermal and mechanical efficiency, replacing natural materials with industrial by-products. The new materials have good thermal conductivity and are suitable for use in radiant floor heating systems, reducing CO2 emissions.
A new six-year HyTEM program aims to develop greener energy grids, increase skills critical for advancing sustainable energy, and create jobs. The program will provide training to navigate complex contexts, policies, and regulations, enabling the integration of distributed energy resources in hybrid microgrids.
A team of scientists has developed a new method for tracing the lineage and gene expression patterns of metastatic cancer cells at the single-cell level. The researchers found that a spectrum of aggression exists in cancer cells, with some cells more likely to remain in place and others more likely to spread to other tissues.
Scientists demonstrate a new technique to sense geophysical events using transoceanic fiber optic cables, offering potential for early warnings of tsunamis and earthquakes. The method measures tiny changes in polarization of transmitted light, enabling monitoring of previously inaccessible ocean depths.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have created a curriculum assessment tool to evaluate the inclusion of LGBTQI topics in medical education. The tool, SGM-CAT, helps identify areas where SGM content is underrepresented in curricula.
A study published in Atherosclerosis has found that the build-up of calcium in major blood vessels is linked to a 39% higher risk of serious falls in older women. The research used bone density scans to identify abdominal aortic calcification, which can be detected early on, and may help health professionals to prevent future falls.
A recent study found that higher screening uptake may be associated with a higher risk of colon cancer in black people. The study analyzed over 90,000 veterans and discovered that those who received routine screenings had a similar risk of colorectal cancer compared to white patients.
Dr. Charlene Gamaldo receives inaugural Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Leadership Award for her efforts to increase diversity in sleep medicine and close health disparities. The award is presented by the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, a joint initiative of American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society.
A new study published in the journal Substance Use & Misuse found that 71% of Canadians with a history of alcohol dependence were no longer dependent, while 52% were free from any addictions or mental illness. The researchers also discovered that social support and age were strongly associated with optimal mental health, with older...
Researchers have developed a printing technique to fabricate flexible supercapacitors, which can be bent, stretched, and twisted without losing electrochemical function. The printed devices use printable electrodes and functional inks, offering flexibility and low cost for various applications.
A novel prediction model predicts US counties at high risk of future overdose death outbreaks, allowing for preemptive deployment of public health resources. The tool improves on existing methods by incorporating neighboring county data, predicting geographic spread of the overdose epidemic.
A study published in Cancer Cell found that cavity-resident macrophages express high levels of Tim-4, which interacts with CD8+ T cells, distracting them from attacking tumors. Blocking Tim-4 enhances the effectiveness of immunotherapies and improves outcomes in mouse models of cancer.
A new study challenges outdated public health guidance on fan use during heatwaves, proposing increased temperature thresholds for young healthy adults. Electric fan use can be recommended most of the time in most regions, except extremely hot and arid areas.
A new study found that individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are at higher risk of developing diabetes, heart diseases, strokes, and respiratory diseases. Despite having a normal metabolic profile, MHO individuals face increased mortality rates compared to those with normal weight but unhealthy metabolism.
Researchers developed a novel technique to study viral structure and evolution, revealing hallmarks of natural viruses in an artificial system. The findings suggest that these 'containers' efficiently package genetic cargo, potentially leading to new gene therapeutic applications.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published consensus recommendations for clinical CYP2D6 genotype testing, aiming to standardize testing across laboratories and improve patient care. A minimum set of variants is recommended for inclusion in all future clinical assays.
Stroke patients from rural areas and American Indian communities face significant challenges in accessing certified stroke centers due to longer distances. Demographic factors such as age, income, and insurance status also impact the distance to stroke care, with rural areas showing a reversal of expected relationships.
For over 13,000 years, humans have thrived in tropical forest environments, transforming the natural landscapes into forest gardens. Ensuring local peoples' rights to their ancestral forest lands is crucial for conserving these sensitive environments and boosting food security.
A coalition of scientists analyzed satellite imagery and seismic records to understand the cause of the Uttarakhand disaster, finding that climate change is contributing to its frequency. The study suggests that a giant landslide triggered a devastating debris flow, destroying hydropower facilities and killing hundreds.
The study found that visual pixel noise significantly improved reading skills and memory recall in children with major reading difficulties, particularly phonological impairments. The amount of white noise was critical for achieving these improvements, with moderate levels showing the most significant effects.
Researchers discovered a sophisticated deception mechanism in Aristolochia microstoma flowers, emitting foul scents similar to rotting arthropods. The deception attracts phorid flies for pollination, with the flies trapped inside before depositing pollen.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that children aged 3-5 years old can only recognize happiness and sadness on 40% of occasions when wearing facemasks. This limitation highlights the challenges of social interaction for young children during the pandemic.
Researchers found that experiencing rudeness amplifies the anchoring bias, leading people to fixate on one piece of information despite inconsistent feedback. Perspective-taking and information elaboration can counteract this effect, suggesting a need to rethink workplace behavior.
Researchers developed a homemade ion mobility spectrometry method to detect methamphetamine without nicotine interference. The optimized temperature and pyridine concentration resolved overlapping spectral peaks, providing high selectivity and a low limit of detection for MA detection.
A recent study published in Proceedings of the IEEE reveals that high-frequency signals can be managed more effectively than previously thought, addressing key challenges in 6G technology. The research has significant implications for applications such as haptic internet, mobile edge computing, and holographic communication.
A new study finds that loss of nature will exacerbate racial and income inequality, with non-white people losing 224% air quality benefits, 118% crop pollination, and 111% disease control between 2020 and 2100.
Goethe University is involved in four collaborative research centres funded by the German Research Foundation, including TRR 326 on uniformized structures and TRR 1039 on lipid signalling in health and disease. The centres aim to explore complex geometric spaces and develop innovative ways to diagnose and treat diseases.
Researchers identified a novel vascular cell maintenance system where BEH3 competes with other transcription factors to stabilize vascular stem cell multiplication and differentiation. They also found that BEH3 hinders the activity of other BES/BZR transcription factors, indicating its opposing function in regulating vascular stem cells.
A new SERS gas sensor developed by Prof. HUANG Qing's group can detect aldehydes with high sensitivity and selectivity, using Co-Ni LDH composite nanomaterials. The sensor's accuracy, repeatability, and selectivity have been verified through experiments.
A recent study published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases found that monoclonal antibody therapy is safe and effective in treating mild to moderate cases of COVID-19 in transplant patients. The study showed that these patients had a lower risk of severe illness and death compared to those who did not receive the treatment.
Researchers found a direct link between placental mTOR and an infant's birthweight, with implications for obesity and Type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The study suggests that manipulating mTOR in the placenta can cause permanent impact on offspring health.
Researchers discover that children with average risk medulloblastoma can receive a smaller volume of radiation boost without reducing survival rates. However, reducing the dose of radiation given to the whole brain and spine over six weeks had a negative impact on survival.
A new study explores how changes in transportation networks impact disease spread, providing insights for future disease intervention strategies. The researchers developed techniques to quantify the effectiveness of different approaches in controlling disease outbreaks by analyzing network structure and hot spot placement.
Research at the Max Planck Institute found that people over 50 with multiple health risks are more likely to experience depression. However, the severity of depressive moods decreases with age, suggesting a potential psychological component and better coping mechanisms in older adults.
Researchers at Duke University have demonstrated that living cells can construct semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (sIPNs) for biomedical applications. These cell-built materials exhibit medically relevant functions and could be used to release protective molecules, such as antibiotics, in a controlled manner.
Children with documented child protection concerns are four times as likely to die before their 16th birthday due to family abuse and neglect. The study found a significant excess risk of death among boys and girls with the most serious child protection concerns, highlighting the need for improved services.
A new study has found that genes involved in inflammation and white blood cell activity are upregulated in divers with decompression sickness, also known as the bends. This discovery may lead to a more precise diagnostic test for the condition.
A study by West Virginia University found that most animal studies disregard the rodents' natural circadian rhythms, leading to issues with reproducibility and validity. Researchers recommend using techniques such as housing animals in darkness during the day to simulate nighttime conditions.
A new study from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center found that actively restoring oyster reefs can create healthier habitats than simply protecting them. The study used underwater videos to rate habitats and found that restored reefs earned the highest scores for oyster habitat, with 74% receiving a top ranking.
A new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution reveals that root traits can explain plant species distributions across the planet, challenging the nature of ecological trade-offs. The research found that thick and dense roots are more common in warm climates, while thin and low-density roots are more common in cold climates.
Researchers analyzed the causes and scope of the devastating Chamoli flood, which killed over 200 people and destroyed two hydropower plants. The study used satellite imagery and digital models to reconstruct the event, highlighting the risks of hydropower projects in fragile alpine ecosystems.
A study by Pilar Gonalons-Pons and Markus Gangl found that unemployment affects romantic relationships more strongly in countries with strict gender norms. The researchers discovered a stronger association between men's unemployment and relationship breakup in societies where masculinity is tied to breadwinning, highlighting the signif...
Case Western Reserve University researcher Farren Briggs has been awarded $1.2 million to identify biomarkers for more accurate MS diagnoses. The goal is to monitor disease activity and progression, ultimately improving treatment outcomes.
A new AI-based tool has been developed to predict genomic subtypes of pancreatic cancer using histology slides, offering a potential solution for patient molecular stratification. The tool, trained and validated on machine learning models, can be used in clinical practice worldwide.
A new study identified mechanisms by which COVID-19 can lead to Alzheimer's disease-like dementia. Researchers found close network relationships between SARS-CoV-2 and genes/proteins associated with several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's.
Researchers argue that targeting high-risk wet markets, particularly those selling live wild animals, can mitigate future infectious disease outbreaks while minimizing disruption to food supply chains. These informal markets pose little risk to human health or biodiversity, with most selling processed domesticated animals.
Scientists observe combined sound and light waves in atomically thin materials, finding that the hybrid wave can speed up and slow down spontaneously and split into two separate pulses. The discovery opens up new possibilities for optical communication through atomically thin layers.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a dipping solution that significantly extends the storage time of fish side streams, increasing their value as food ingredients. The solution covers the surface with antioxidants, reducing oxidation and keeping quality high.
Researchers discovered that tumor microenvironment contains oxidized fat molecules that suppress killer T cells' ability to fight cancer. The process involves CD36 cellular fat transporter and leads to increased lipid oxidation, triggering stress response proteins and repressing anti-tumor functions.
A new study found that people trust AI as much as humans, but are unwilling to compromise and cooperate with machines. Researchers conducted large-scale online studies using methods from behavioral game theory, finding a consistent pattern of 'algorithm exploitation' where humans exploit AI's benevolence for personal gain.