A new study by Penn State College of Medicine reveals that people living with HIV/AIDS are more likely to have suicidal thoughts and die from suicide than the general population. The researchers found that despite medical advancements, the risk of suicide in this population is high.
A human endogenous peptide called LL-37 has been identified as a powerful blocker of toxic α-synuclein oligomers, which are responsible for neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. The discovery suggests that this naturally occurring molecule could be a safe and effective therapy to slow down the progression of the disease.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have shown that cell-based immunotherapy using natural killer cells may be effective against solid tumors, including melanoma. The therapy has been successful in treating patients with recurrent leukemia and other blood cancers.
Researchers developed a new machine learning system to identify changes in biodiversity, including land clearing, despite cloud cover. The method accurately detected simulated land cover change under both clear felling and tree thinning, providing up-to-date predictions of missing data due to clouds.
Researchers identified six antibody characteristics that protect pregnant women from placental malaria infections, which could be used to identify women at risk and develop new therapies. The study found that these antibodies help prevent malaria parasites from binding to placental cells and destroying infected blood cells.
The KAUST team's solution involves a layer of hierarchically porous graphene that significantly suppresses polysulfide shuttling in Li-S batteries. This innovation improves the capacity and recharging ability of Li-S battery technologies, making them suitable for large-scale commercial applications.
A recent study found that heart attack patients during the pandemic were more likely to experience heart failure, with delays in treatment resulting in poorer outcomes. The study also noted a significant increase in post-treatment pump function decline and hospital admissions for decompensated heart failure.
The study seeks to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with infection in Alzheimer's disease development. Researchers will analyze the role of peripheral and brain infections using transgenic mice, human samples, and novel in vitro techniques.
Researchers at IU School of Medicine have made a breakthrough in treating and preventing kidney infections by utilizing the kidneys' own internal infection-fighting capabilities. The study found that intercalated cells can consume bacteria and secrete acid, offering a potential alternative to antibiotics.
A new pathway to treating type 2 diabetes has been discovered by researchers at the University of Arizona, focusing on the liver's role in insulin sensitivity. The study found that fat in the liver increases the release of GABA, a neurotransmitter that decreases nerve activity.
Researchers propose a new method to control temperature through designing nanoantennas on engraved Si nanopillars, enabling local sensing of glass transitions in amorphous polymers with nanometer spatial resolution. This technology opens unique opportunities for studying the physicochemical properties of nanostructured polymers.
Researchers gathered data on prison cancer diagnoses to understand barriers in delivering quality healthcare. The study aims to improve prison cancer care through patient and public involvement.
A pooled data analysis of 19 studies involving 8676 children and teens found that interventions focused on boosting PE quality increased brainpower and academic prowess, mainly in maths skills. Schools should place more emphasis on PE to raise students' cognition and academic performance.
Researchers from the Institute of Physical Chemistry found that phage potency is affected by container material, leading to reduced efficacy. The study highlights the importance of using specific containers with controlled surface properties to maintain phage concentration.
Researchers have found that using lye and urea to break down cellulose in algae increases biogas production by over two times. The study demonstrates the potential for this method to overcome one of the biggest challenges in digesting algae, paving the way for more sustainable biofuel production.
Researchers solve a major problem in manufacturing metallic wood, eliminating inverted cracks that plagued similar materials for decades. The new material allows strips of metallic wood to be assembled in areas 20,000 times greater than before, enabling the creation of stronger, more consistent devices.
Researchers found that LSL60101 improved cognitive deficit and biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease in animal models. The compound acts on I2 imidazoline receptors, which are altered in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers at GIST discovered a correlation between S-polymorph phases and high piezoelectric response in lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite thin films. The study suggests that ultrafast piezoelectric devices with sub-microsecond response times can be created using strain engineering.
Scientists from the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience found that mice have a region called 'focea' with improved visual sensitivity, similar to the fovea in human retinas. This discovery suggests that mice may be better models for studying human vision than previously thought.
Immunologists at McMaster University have identified a 'spider web' mechanism that traps pathogens like influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in neutrophils, creating a sticky tangle to kill viruses. This discovery could lead to new aerosol and nasal spray vaccine technologies to prevent infections before they spread.
Research finds that unusual DNA structures, called G-quadruplexes (G4s), are preserved by natural selection and play a role in gene expression and cellular processes. G4s are more common and stable in regions with important functions, suggesting they should be considered functional elements of the genome.
A clinical trial by Queen Mary University of London found that e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine replacement treatments in achieving long-term smoking reduction and cessation. After six months, 27% of participants who used e-cigarettes had reduced their smoking by at least half, compared to 6% of those who used NRTs.
The partnership aims to reduce the risk of relapse in Stage 2 melanoma patients using BRAF and MEK targeted therapies. EORTC and Pierre Fabre will conduct a large Phase 3 study to advance research in melanoma.
A £14 million investment from UKRI and Versus Arthritis will massively scale up research into chronic pain, with a focus on the psychosocial aspect. The project aims to understand how psychological and social factors influence pain development and maintenance, and will work with people living with pain every step of the way.
The Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology's third Social Perception Survey reveals that 83% of the population trusts COVID-19 vaccination, a 25-point increase from January. Attitudes towards vaccine uptake have improved significantly since July 2020, with compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures also showing a positive trend.
A team of neuroscientists at the Beckman Institute discovered a new neuronal circuit that selects sensory information relayed to the auditory cortex. The study reveals a 'non-linear response' mechanism, allowing humans to focus on specific sensory inputs.
Researchers from LMU have identified two RNA-binding proteins that regulate synaptic transmission in distinct ways, controlling mRNA levels and translation. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of neurological disorders such as epilepsy and autism.
RUDN University chemists have created molecules that can assemble into complex structures using chlorine and bromine halogen atoms. These substances will help to create supramolecules with catalytic, luminescent, conducting properties.
A research group discovered that β-catenin signaling is used for axial patterning in sea anemones and sea urchins, a mechanism that also exists in vertebrates. This suggests that this system was present in the common ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria around 650 million years ago.
A Duke-led team identified how multiple mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein create variants that are more transmissible and resistant to antibodies. The researchers found that different variant spikes use distinct mechanisms to achieve this, raising concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines.
Scientists discovered the oldest strain of Yersinia pestis in a 20- to 30-year-old man from 5,000 years ago. The ancient bacteria was less contagious and deadly than its medieval version, transmitted primarily through animal bites. This finding challenges long-held theories on the development of human civilization in Europe and Asia.
Male jackdaws don't provide consolation to their mate after a traumatic experience, focusing on self-preservation instead. Researchers found that males decrease their nest visits and time with the female after an attack, suggesting they prioritize their own safety over comforting their partner.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology found that moderately Nb-doped SrTiO3 has a lower surface recombination and higher energy conversion than pure SrTiO3. This could lead to more efficient sustainable sources of energy.
Research reveals eastern spadefoot toads spend more time above ground than previously believed, contradicting a century-old misconception. The study used spotlighting to detect large numbers of the endangered species in various habitats.
Researchers have discovered a new style of invisible gold hosted in pyrite crystals with deformation-related dislocations. Additionally, a study reveals the impact of diagenesis on iron speciation in ancient sedimentary rocks, suggesting true euxinia may be less than previously thought. Submarine fans also exhibit dynamic environments ...
Scientists from the John Innes Centre and University of Bristol found that deep shade triggers changes in plant circadian clocks, suppressing stem elongation. This adaptation allows plants to coexist in dense forests and crop canopies without wasting energy.
Researchers found that lisdexamfetamine reduced symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo by 30% and improved ADHD symptoms by over 40%. The study suggests that the treatment may also address executive brain function deficits, prioritization skills, and procrastination.
A University of Arkansas researcher found that employed individuals are 35.3% more likely to be infected with the flu virus. The study considered individual characteristics and occupation-specific human exposure and interaction at work as potential mechanisms for contagion.
Research from Thomas Jefferson University found that e-cigarette vapor increases levels of the coronavirus receptor ACE-2 in lung tissue of mice, making them more susceptible to infection. Male mice were found to have a greater increase in ACE-2 when exposed to nicotine, highlighting a potential sex difference in vaping-related risks.
Researchers discovered that laminins, specifically laminin γ1, play a crucial role in mediating cell attachment and penetration for oncolytic viruses like H-1PV. This finding may lead to the development of more efficient clinical trials with reduced costs and approval times.
The Pan Am Clinic has introduced independent surgical simulation training as a requirement for residents, following research that showed improved performance and enhanced skills. The study used the ArthroS simulator to train residents, which resulted in better arthroscopic and laparoscopic skills.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have developed a groundbreaking model of a mammalian embryo using stem cells. The model, which can form heart, muscles, blood vessels and nervous system tissues, marks a major step forward in understanding mammalian development and potentially battling diseases.
Two California hospitals, Scripps Memorial and UCLA Health, detail their proactive responses to stop the spread of Candida auris. They implemented aggressive measures, including isolating patients, working with public health departments, and using effective disinfectants, to prevent transmission and successfully contain the outbreak.
A new study suggests that governments must fundamentally change their economic systems to provide decent living standards for all while cutting global average energy use in half. Improving public services, reducing income disparities, and scaling back resource extraction are key strategies.
A researcher from the University of Illinois rebutted a paper claiming to have found mathematical proof that Holocaust victim numbers were fabricated. The original paper used flawed statistical analysis, ignoring dataset inconsistencies and biases.
Researchers have developed a new 2D alloy material combining five metals that acts as an excellent catalyst for reducing CO2 into CO. The high-entropy transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) alloy has potential applications in environmental remediation, transforming carbon dioxide into a hydrocarbon.
A team of psychologists will study the relationship between children's appetite and parents' feeding practices to develop effective interventions for childhood obesity. The project aims to produce guidelines that can help support parents whose children have a strong motivation towards food.
A study by UCI researchers found that fireworks use spikes air quality pollution, particularly in low-income communities. The team used PurpleAir sensors to track PM2.5 levels before, during and after Fourth of July fireworks, revealing a significant impact on public health.
Researchers have developed the fastest real-time quantum random number generator to date, combining a photonic integrated chip with optimized postprocessing. The device generates truly random numbers at nearly 19 gigabits per second and measures only 15.6 by 18.0 millimeters.
Researchers found that wildfire smoke affects the ability to observe more than a third of common bird species in Washington state. Higher concentrations of fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, were associated with harder-to-observe bird species, while some species became easier to detect when smoke was present.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method to synthesize halichondrin B, a natural compound with potent antitumor properties. The 'reverse approach' simplifies the process by bonding carbon-oxygen connections first and has reduced the number of steps required to make the molecule from 25 to just 5.
Scientists have detected black holes eating neutron stars for the first time, shedding light on the Universe's most extreme objects. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo observatories captured the event, providing valuable insights into space and time.
Researchers identified T cells that are paralyzed and ineffective in preventing LCH lesion formation, instead being tricked into entering an exhausted state. A new therapeutic option combining immunotherapy targeting PD-1 receptors with MAPK inhibition demonstrates promising results.
A large cohort study found that the transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage and increasing use of embryo freezing are behind the improvements in IVF success rates. The study showed a significant increase in cumulative live birth rates over the decade, with single blastocyst transfers emerging as an increasing strategy.
A new study found that a special type of brain training based on neurofeedback enables people with attention deficit disorder to improve their ability to concentrate. The training is linked to an enhanced response from the brain's P3 wave, which reflects integration of information in the brain.
A recent study by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group found that nearly half of participants had atherosclerotic plaque in their coronary arteries, despite being considered at low-to-moderate risk. The study also revealed an association between plaque presence and higher levels of inflammation independent of traditional risk scores.
Research found that playing wind instruments produces similar aerosol levels to breathing and significantly lower levels than vocalizing. The study's findings have important implications for lifting COVID-19 restrictions in the performing arts sector.
The LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA collaborations have detected gravitational waves from the merger of a black hole and a neutron star. Analysis reveals that the signals originated from two mixed binaries, each made up of a neutron star and a black hole, with masses consistent with these objects.
Researchers found 23 men in the U.S. military developed severe chest pain and elevated cardiac troponin levels within four days of receiving a second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, but most recovered quickly. The risk of myocarditis from vaccination is low compared to COVID-19 infection.
Research highlights the need to reexamine assumptions about suicide in Black youth due to rising rates of suicidal behavior. The study calls for a 'ground zero' approach, focusing on theory development, understanding developmental trajectories, and engaging trusted community organizations.