KAUST researchers have developed a method to produce carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide using a porous crystal and silver catalyst. The new approach improved the selectivity of CO production by controlling the binding mode of activated carbon monoxide, resulting in a 94% efficient reaction.
Researchers found that minute amounts of zinc oxide in intimate contact with copper significantly improve the methanol production process. The study reveals how the choice of support material affects the behavior of active catalyst components, leading to changes in reaction selectivity.
A new project seeks to fill a gap in identifying vulnerabilities in ML frameworks by using Software Composition Analysis and Directed Grammar-Based Fuzzing. The tool can automatically report vulnerabilities in open-source libraries that an application depends on, helping developers address them before they can be exploited.
Researchers discovered an effect known as nonlinearity that can modify and detect extremely weak light signals using a quantum dot array. The team created an 'egg carton' of quantum dots in a 2D semiconductor, allowing for the control of energy levels with light.
Scientists have discovered a super-Earth called Gliese 486b orbiting a nearby red dwarf star. The planet's composition is similar to that of Venus or Earth, with metallic nuclei inside it. Its atmosphere may be thin and hot, making it an ideal candidate for studying planetary atmospheres.
Researchers proposed a novel protocol for pooling COVID-19 tests to monitor spread and detect outbreaks in closed communities. The method accounts for false-negative test results using mathematical models that estimate the risk of diluting positive samples.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 mutations can evade the immune response by T-killer cells, reducing their effectiveness in detecting and eliminating viruses. The study suggests that future vaccines should target a broader range of epitopes to provide more comprehensive protection.
The US Intermountain West region experienced four significant earthquake sequences in 2020, with research characterizing the tectonics of the area and gaining insights into fault systems. The focus section papers discuss the Magna, Stanley, Monte Cristo, and Lone Pine earthquakes, providing new knowledge on seismic activity.
A study published in Science found consistent annual declines in butterfly populations over the past 40 years in the western United States. The estimated 1.6% per year decline is attributed to increasing fall temperatures and warming landscapes.
The study found a significant increase in loneliness and a decrease in feelings of friendship during the pandemic. Women reported higher levels of loneliness compared to men, while those with poorer health experienced decreased emotional support.
Researchers found that astrocytes from patients with bipolar disorder secrete more IL-6, which worsens symptoms and negatively impacts neuronal activity. The study highlights the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in psychiatric diseases.
A newly discovered rocky planet, Gliese 486b, has been found to have a 'piping-hot' surface temperature of 430 degrees Celsius, making it inhospitable to human life. However, studying its atmosphere could provide valuable insights into the possibility of habitable planets and signs of life beyond Earth.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers suggests that a carbon tax is the most effective and cost-efficient way to reduce emissions causing climate change. The study found that adding a price to carbon production resulted in lower emissions at half the cost of renewable energy subsidies.
A new study found that cancer survivors who walked at a slow pace had a significantly increased risk of death from any cause, with the association holding for nine cancer types. The researchers call for more research into targeted interventions to improve walking ability and increase survival among cancer patients.
A study by University of Limerick researchers identified strategies used by top Fantasy Premier League competitors, revealing a pathway to success involving long-term planning and optimal player selection. Key players like Aaron Wan-Bissaka emerged as crucial enablers for skilled managers.
Researchers at Yale University have developed a model where human red blood cells are rescued in circulation using combined liver and growth factor humanization. This breakthrough has the potential to treat diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome, sickle cell disease, and malaria.
Researchers found a rib fragment of the Mount Holly mammoth, dating back 12,800 years, which overlaps with the arrival of early humans in the region. The discovery raises the possibility that humans may have seen or interacted with these animals.
Researchers detected Gliese 486 b using both transit and radial velocity data, revealing its mass, radius, and density. The planet's equilibrium temperature of about 700 Kelvin makes it an ideal candidate to study its atmosphere and habitability.
A study analyzing verbal autopsies from 230 families found that almost 83% of infants experienced delays in care, including family decisions and transportation issues. Simple low-tech interventions can potentially save many infant lives by addressing these complex issues.
A National Academies report calls for a US fusion pilot plant to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon emission electrical system. The pilot plant should be operational by 2035-2040, with innovations in fusion confinement concepts and technology development needed.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a new species of millipede, Nannaria hokie, living on campus and in nearby woods. The discovery highlights the importance of preserving native habitats and showcases the diversity of these often-overlooked creatures.
Scientists used high-resolution data from ICESat-2 to map the depth and surface morphology of fractures in Antarctica's Amery Ice Shelf. The study identified three types of fractures up to 164 feet deep, providing insights into ice shelf stability and potential calving events.
COSMIC, a multipurpose X-ray instrument at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source, has made groundbreaking contributions in fields ranging from batteries to biominerals. It offers world-leading soft X-ray microscopy resolution below 10 nanometers and extreme chemical sensitivity.
Lehigh University's Fathima Wakeel will discuss how to address population health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic using maternal and child health epidemiological approaches. Her presentation aims to harness data to improve health outcomes among vulnerable populations.
A Texas A&M University study analyzed over 10,000 students in four introductory physics courses, concluding that male students do not consistently outperform female students. The research found statistically significant differences in exam performance within one course, but no persistent differences across exams or final grades.
A recent study found that many Alexa skills have misleading privacy policies, allowing third-party developers to access users' personal information. The researchers also demonstrated that developers can change the code on the back end of skills after approval, posing a significant risk to user privacy.
Studies on non-human species reveal that forager ants, vampire bats, mandrills, and others exhibit social distancing behaviors when infected. These observations provide valuable lessons on how to reduce disease transmission and offer a unique perspective on human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vitreoretinal surgical procedures in the US experienced a significant decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a notable decrease in laser and cryotherapy use. The study, which analyzed over 526,000 procedures across 17 institutions, found that this reduction lasted for at least 2 months after mid-March last year.
A new study analyzes biological drivers of multiple paternity in sharks and rays, finding no conclusive evidence that male behavior drives the phenomenon. The researchers suggest that female advantages, such as thicker skin and larger size, may play a role in shaping multiple paternity.
Researchers at Earlham Institute created a new automated workflow using liquid handling robots to identify the genetic basis of preventing plant pathogens. The new technology screened 2,880 mutants in just 11 hours, identifying a gene cluster linked to growth inhibition of the common potato pathogen.
The University of Texas at Arlington is creating six open textbooks for a new postbaccalaureate certificate in transportation planning and policy. The project aims to eliminate textbook costs for students enrolled in certain courses and expand open educational resources for transportation planning programs.
Coronavirus skeptics have been using state-of-the-art data visualizations to advocate for opposing approaches to the pandemic, often creating counter-visualizations that are indistinguishable from those shared by mainstream sources. Researchers found that these visualizations were not just sloppy or lacking in data literacy, but rather...
Clinical trial registrations for COVID-19 interventions with high publicized attention were compared to those without comparable promotion. The study found that highly publicized treatments had significantly lower registration rates and higher completion rates, leading to concerns about bias in research.
A digital app called Manage My Pain has been shown to reduce key symptoms of chronic pain, including anxiety and pain catastrophizing. The study found that patients who used the app saw clinically significant reductions in these areas, leading to better management of their pain.
Research found that new COVID-19 variants can neutralize antibodies produced in response to vaccination or natural infection. The findings suggest that COVID-19 drugs and vaccines may become less effective against these variants, posing a concern for people who need protection the most.
A new model can predict the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria by analyzing growth rates and resistance levels at different drug concentrations. This knowledge can help identify optimal treatment protocols, drug targets, and new antibiotic candidates to combat resistant bacteria that threaten global health.
A new study reveals that unstable working life patterns in young people are associated with poorer future mental health. The study found that those with a stable working life had fewer days absent due to mental disorders over three years.
A new study published in Frontiers in Education found that Transcendental Meditation significantly improves emotional exhaustion, resilience, perceived stress, fatigue, and depression in teachers. This meditation-based teacher development program demonstrates the benefits of meditation for strengthening mental and physical health.
A study published in Nature Communications found that a species' thermal tolerance is linked to its current climate and that cold tolerance has evolved faster than heat tolerance. This suggests that many species will not be able to adapt quickly enough to survive the unprecedented rate of contemporary climate change.
A study of college students found that decreased physical activity during the pandemic was strongly associated with increased rates of depression. Those who maintained their daily exercise habits were at the lowest risk for depression.
Researchers developed an mRNA treatment that targets RNA molecules to destroy virus replication in lung cells. The therapy could be effective against 99% of flu strains and new coronavirus variants due to its flexible targeting sequence.
The article summarizes current evidence on COVID-19 vaccines, immunity, and the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to become an endemic or seasonal virus. Experts weigh in on these critical issues, providing insights into the long-term impact of the pandemic.
Researchers have identified CNNM4 protein as key regulator of magnesium in the liver and potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. High expression of CNNM4 protein is associated with inflammation and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a new oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy with superior performance for use in fission and fusion reactors. The alloy is able to withstand temperatures up to 400 displacements per atom, making it one of the strongest ODS alloys developed in the field.
A recent study using citizen science data found that climate warming is driving population declines in butterflies throughout the American West over the past 40 years. The research, published in Science, highlights the need for new approaches to butterfly conservation and suggests that climate change is a key factor in pollinator decline.
The journal's publication outlines targets for HPV vaccination, screening and treatment to achieve 90%, 70% and 90% coverage respectively. The World Health Organization strategy aims to eliminate cervical cancer globally by 2030.
A study found that patients are open to interacting with robots for symptom evaluation, reducing in-person contact. Robots equipped with sensors and video communication can measure vital signs and perform minor procedures like nasal swabs.
A new study uses a high-resolution ocean model to track the migration of baby sea turtles in their 'lost years'. The model shows that hatchlings are swept towards regions with favorable food availability, increasing their chances of survival. This research provides insights into the critical stages of sea turtle conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered that catnip's active ingredient, Nepetalactone, activates the mosquito irritant receptor TRPA1, making it an effective repellent. This finding has significant implications for developing new, plant-based insect repellents.
Researchers developed a framework to detect and recover from pole-dynamics attacks (PDAs) in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The approach uses software-defined networking (SDN) and a novel attack-detection algorithm, enabling real-time performance recovery and stable CPS operation.
A combination of three gene drive technologies could effectively suppress a targeted grey squirrel population while limiting the risk to native species. The combined technology introduces genes that induce infertility in females, allowing for population control.
Research by American Psychological Association found that higher income predicts more positive self-regard emotions such as confidence, pride and determination, while lower income is associated with negative emotions like sadness and fear. The study analyzed data from over 1.6 million people across 162 countries.
Sea butterflies are already experiencing difficulties building their shells due to ocean acidification, which will worsen in the future. They shift from growing thicker and larger shells to investing more in becoming larger, posing a major problem for local sea life that depend on them for food.
Researchers develop hierarchical structure for lightweight materials by self-organization, creating a new type of exceptionally strong yet light material. The material's open network structure results in an impressive density reduction and mechanical properties superior to state-of-the-art materials.
Researchers developed a first wearable sensor to continuously measure bilirubin, pulse rate, and blood oxygen saturation in real-time. The device aims to improve quality of phototherapy and patient outcomes in neonatal care.
Researchers discover mutant p53 protein clusters drive disease-causing aggregates, a key finding in understanding cancer mechanisms. The study suggests novel cancer treatments targeting mutant p53 may be effective.
A team of researchers at the University of Illinois replicated hypersonic flow conditions in a NASA Langley Mach 6 wind tunnel using a numerical simulation. The study aimed to better understand the complexities of hypersonic flows, including pressure, temperature, and fluid velocity.
Research reveals that prolonged periods of terrestrial invertebrates in rivers lead to monopolization by larger fish, altering food webs and ecosystem functions. In contrast, pulsed periods enable smaller fish to access benthic invertebrates, resulting in reduced leaf breakdown rates.
Researchers have found that Camostat and its metabolite GBPA inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary human lung tissue. The study supports further development of Camostat as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
A team at Massachusetts General Hospital developed an artificial intelligence-based method to screen currently available medications as possible treatments for Alzheimer's disease. The analysis yielded a ranked list of candidates, including anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and blood cancers.