The Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet (C-CoMP) will conduct transformative research on the behavior of bioreactive molecules and ocean microbes involved in one-quarter of the Earth's annual organic carbon cycle. The center aims to understand the key molecules, their cycling rates, and sensitivity to climate change.
Researchers studied individuals with isolated GnRH deficiency, a rare endocrine disorder that affects hormone production. Men with IGD reported higher levels of childhood gender non-conformity, while women did not differ from typical women. This suggests that early androgens play a direct role in shaping male brain development.
A study by Baylor College of Medicine researchers discovered that platelets help mediate an allergic immune response against yeast, clearing it from the lungs. This mechanism involves candidalysin, a peptide toxin that triggers Th2 and Th17 responses, providing essential protection against yeast invasion.
The Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet (C-CoMP) will conduct transformative research on the ocean chemical-microbe network and its role in climate change. The center aims to improve our understanding of this network's dynamics, sensitivity to climate change, and feedbacks on the planet.
A study of nearly 12,000 kids found that screen time is only slightly linked to attention disorders, disturbed sleep, and lower grades. However, excessive screen time may have social benefits, with kids who spent more time with screens having more close friends.
A mixed-methods analysis found that most surgical patients prefer virtual follow-up care for its convenience, which does not compromise patient satisfaction. The study highlights the potential benefits of virtual visits in improving access to care and reducing barriers for patients.
Researchers found that certain moth species' wingtips reflect sound strongly, distracting bats and saving the moths' lives. The unique structures also evolved to act as hemispheric and corner retroreflectors, reflecting sound back to its point of origin.
A study published in Learning and Instruction found that pre-service teachers' genuine desire to be unprejudiced is positively associated with their endorsement of culturally supportive instructional practices. Cultivating open-mindedness rather than anti-racist training is key for teachers to overcome racial bias.
Researchers developed a computer model revealing how single brain cells in nematode worms sense and process environmental information to drive decision-making. The study found that sensory cells use salt cues as 'navigation beacons' to direct foraging behavior, controlling the animal's search strategy.
Researchers found that ribociclib achieved pharmacologically-relevant concentrations in tumor tissue, while everolimus showed minimal penetration. The combination is promising for brain cancer treatment and could lead to new therapeutic drug combinations.
A new study found that people hospitalized with COVID-19 have elevated levels of autoimmune antibodies in their blood, which are strongly linked to disease severity. Patients with high levels of these autoantibodies were five to seven times more likely to develop severe disease than those with stable antibody levels.
A study conducted by RCSI has demonstrated that a saliva PCR test is almost as accurate as the standard nose and throat swab, enabling greater capacity for frequent testing. The saliva screening represents a less invasive alternative with the potential to increase compliance with screening.
Researchers emphasize the importance of high-quality evidence for efficacy and safety when evaluating cannabis-based medicinal products in pediatric epilepsies. The authors caution that unlicensed products pose risks to children with epilepsy and warn against using them as a Trojan horse for the cannabis industry.
A new study analyzes millions of Twitter posts during three major hurricanes to develop a method for measuring social cohesion. The researchers found that monitoring social media chatter can help decision makers understand how communities communicate during disasters and identify areas for improvement.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital found significant racial-ethnic differences in sleep health, with white adults having the best sleep outcomes and Black adults facing the worst. The research used data from over 1,700 adults and identified factors such as irregular timing and duration, insufficient sleep duration, and high ...
Researchers found that large herbivores can reduce wildfire damage by mitigating fire-prone vegetation. Effective solutions depend on factors such as herbivore population density and diet. Integrating extensive grazing into land management policies could help mitigate wildfires.
A new paradigm in breast cancer screening has been established with immediate-read screenings during the pandemic. This approach reduces racial and ethnic disparities in same-day diagnostic imaging, while speeding up diagnoses.
Researchers examined changes in life expectancy after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation over four decades. The study found improved survival rates and reduced risk of death among transplant recipients.
Research suggests that increased complement factor C1q expression is responsible for chronic inflammation and secondary neuronal loss after mild traumatic brain injury. Blocking C1q expression counteracts these outcomes, suggesting a potential role for this molecule in modifying post-TBI disease.
New research explores conditions for humans and wolves to coexist peacefully in rural communities. Successful approaches to supporting communities have been identified, highlighting the importance of recognizing and celebrating traditional knowledge and skills in living alongside large carnivores.
A new study of 61,000 Microsoft employees found that working from home causes workers to become more siloed in how they communicate, engage in fewer real-time conversations, and spend fewer hours in meetings. The study's findings suggest that a full-time remote workforce may have a harder time acquiring and sharing new information.
The NIH is funding a $185 million research initiative to study genomic variation and its impact on human health and disease. The project aims to identify relevant genetic variants for clinicians, leading to improved treatment options.
Researchers have discovered that elevated levels of serotonin can prevent the development of compulsive cocaine seeking and addiction in mice. This is achieved through the activation of serotonin receptors and inhibition of synaptic transmission between key brain regions, thereby reducing the risk of addiction.
Researchers have synthesized the first 1D cuprate material that can be doped, providing systematic data to understand its behavior. The study suggests that the Hubbard model, a prominent theoretical framework, is missing a key ingredient: an unexpectedly strong attraction between neighboring electrons.
A randomized clinical trial found that students who received eye exams and glasses through a school-based vision program showed improved reading scores and academic achievement over one year. However, these positive effects were not sustained at two years after the program ended.
A new software, ModTect, identifies RNA modifications using pre-existing sequencing data, revealing associations with cancer survival outcomes. The study found dysregulation of the epitranscriptome in patients across multiple cancer types, associated with cancer progression and survival.
Researchers reconstructed the bottom water temperature record in the Northwest Barents Sea over the last 18,000 years and found that warmer temperatures led to increased methane seepage. The study suggests that these events played a key role in driving the retreat of the former ice sheet and destabilizing gas hydrates.
A study by Penn State found that people are more likely to believe fake news in video format, with 58% of participants believing a fake video was real, compared to 33% who read the article and 48% who heard an audio version. The researchers suggest that this is due to the perceived realism of videos, which can lead to a
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Bristol found that exposure to false tweets about e-cigarettes' harm can deter adult smokers from quitting. The study recruited 2,400 UK and US adults who were not using e-cigarettes and showed them different health-related information on Twitter.
A study of 120 older Taiwanese adults found 45.8% experienced sleep problems, linked to living with a partner or needing to get up at night. The study suggests early recognition of these issues can lead to improved health outcomes for this population.
A study by researchers at Mainz University found that digital presence of service employees improves customer loyalty. The study, published in the Journal of Marketing Research, showed that customers perceive websites with images or videos of service employees as more attractive and memorable, leading to increased customer loyalty.
Researchers discovered that particulate emissions from auxiliary heaters can be significantly higher than those of idling gasoline vehicles, raising concerns about their environmental impact. The study highlights the need for further research on the use and development of heaters to reduce emissions.
Scientists have discovered a hydraulic jump mechanism that injects water vapor from the troposphere to the stratosphere above supercell thunderstorms. This process, which can occur several kilometers above the storm, drives intense hydration of the lower stratosphere and may play a major role in severe weather events.
A one-year study found that increased concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lower ventilation rates were associated with slower response times and reduced accuracy on cognitive tests, affecting employees' productivity.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has released a new clinical practice guideline recommending referral to upper airway or bariatric surgery for adults with obstructive sleep apnea who are intolerant of CPAP therapy. The guideline provides strong recommendations for treatment, considering factors such as BMI and patient adherence.
Researchers have successfully bonded gallium nitride and diamond without intermediate layers using surface-activated bonding. The resulting GaN-on-diamond material demonstrates stability even at extreme temperatures of up to 1,000℃, enabling the development of highly conductive semiconductors for high-power devices.
In the Brazilian Amazon, small towns are practicing a self-sustaining circular economy by converting waste into inputs for production. The Carauari community produces 100 metric tons of processed fish per year, generating resources from waste that fuel other activities.
Researchers at UMD are developing CRISPR-Combo systems to improve genome editing and crop regeneration. The technology aims to reduce the time and cost of breeding new crop varieties with enhanced nutritional and agronomic traits.
A study found that the ability to lose control over HIV is linked to a decrease in proliferative and cytolytic ability of immune cells, years before actual virus loss. In contrast to other infections, T cell dysfunction here impairs their response only to HIV.
Scientists have identified two new candidate genes, ULK4 and PTTG1, that positively influence the development of an embryo by restoring a strong Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. This finding provides new insights into the causes of holoprosencephaly, a congenital malformation affecting around one to four in every 1,000 unborns.
The new center will focus on identifying age-related changes that impact the development, progression, and experience of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Researchers will also investigate how factors such as race, age, female sex, and genetic predisposition contribute to racial and geographic disparities in dementia.
A multicenter clinical trial tested the use of lurbinectedin in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which did not meet its primary end point of overall survival. However, the combination of lurbinectedin and doxorubicin was found to be active in patients with SCLC after one prior platinum-based chemotherapy.
A study by Indiana University researchers found that individuals' socioeconomic status and social networks play a significant role in shaping their decisions about health controversies. Higher-status people faced fewer consequences for resisting medical guidelines, while those with lower statuses experienced more scrutiny. The study em...
A study compared four common DNA extraction methods and found that each method produced slightly different results due to varying 'how' factors. Researchers can now make informed decisions about their methods to optimize results.
Researchers discovered that protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) is a key player in the development of preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine. Inhibiting PP2A with a drug may be a viable treatment option for preeclampsia.
A Penn State-led international research team developed laser-induced graphene (LIG) for wearable health devices, offering superior conductivity and heat resistance. The LIG foam exhibited electrical properties, while fibrous structures showed better performance, opening possibilities for sensing devices.
A recent study of 100 high-risk breast cancer patients revealed that the timing of breast reconstruction does not significantly affect long-term body image scores. Women who received immediate, delayed, or no reconstruction recover from negative impacts within four years of surgery.
Researchers have found that maternal diabetes can cause premature aging of neural tissue, leading to birth defects such as neural tube defects. A study published in Science Advances suggests that treatments could be developed to prevent miscarriages and certain birth defects in babies born from mothers with diabetes.
A new study by Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University found that cultural context greatly affects the likelihood of unhappy employees becoming entrepreneurs. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance and high social acceptance of entrepreneurship have a stronger link between job satisfaction and entrepreneurial intent. In contrast, countri...
Air pollution attributed to lung cancer ranks highest in Balkan countries and Poland, particularly among those aged 50-69. The top five countries are Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Bosnia/Herzegovina, and Poland.
Researchers found that young female black bears in Asheville, NC, weigh nearly twice as much as those in national forests and reproduce at a younger age, producing cubs by their second birthday. The study's findings raise questions about the diet and foraging activities of urban bears.
A new study found hospitals employing more inpatient nurse practitioners have lower surgical mortality, higher patient satisfaction, and lower costs of care. Nurse practitioners enhance hospital success by improving clinical excellence, patient satisfaction, and reducing per-patient expenditures.
A study by University of Cologne researchers found that negative student expectations outweighed positive ones regarding remote learning during the pandemic. Students feared a decrease in social interaction, quality of teaching, and feedback, while hoping for increased flexibility and improved media competency.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing uses big data from over 100 million social media user engagements to derive marketing insights. The research captures latent relationships among thousands of brands and across many categories, revealing a highly precise market structure. This allows product managers to identify potential threats ...
Researchers have identified a molecule called fractalkine that can boost the production of brain cells producing myelin, a key factor in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The study's findings suggest that fractalkine could be used to treat certain neurodegenerative disorders by restoring lost myelin.
Researchers have shown that physical exercise normalizes metabolic abnormalities caused by cancer, reducing anemia and associated fatigue. Exercise regenerates metabolism, blunting excessive blood cell formation and destruction, leading to improved tolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has launched a revamped website, integrating its six journals and elevating scientist voices through improved navigation and visuals. The new platform offers readers a more immersive experience, with features such as interactive study images and customizable reading modes.
The Center for Integration of Modern Optoelectronic Materials on Demand will develop new semiconductor materials and scalable manufacturing processes for applications in displays, sensors, and quantum communication. The center aims to connect academic research with industrial and governmental needs, educating a diverse STEM workforce.
Researchers built a robot that mimics the movement of mantis shrimp, which can deliver impressive forces. The study sheds light on the biology of mantis shrimp and reveals how they control their movements using geometry.
Researchers will examine protective immunity in older adults and assess the duration of immunity against emerging strains of COVID-19. The study aims to inform booster vaccine recommendations for seniors.
A team of scientists at ETH Zurich has discovered a new correlated state in twisted double layers of graphene, where negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes pair up to form an electrically neutral state. This state can transmit information or conduct heat without conducting electric current.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have applied a similar mindset when advising live biotherapeutic product developer YSOPIA Bioscience. This collaboration has provided valuable regulatory feedback for the company's clinical development efforts. The review highlights the need for harmonize...
A study on dating and married couples in India found that relationship satisfaction and love were significantly lower post-lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. Non-traditional activities like cooking, watching movies, and sharing household chores were associated with higher levels of connectedness and intimacy.
A new study suggests that same-day discharge for high-risk patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery is safe and feasible. The research found no increase in complications or adverse outcomes with same-day discharge compared to inpatient surgery.
A study of 541 survivors in Kenya found children were 1.6 times more likely to be attacked during the day and 1.7 times more likely to be attacked in private, compared to adults. The research highlights the need for policy-makers to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) risks in national crisis policies.
Researchers developed a robust, deep neural network model to analyze automobile traffic impacts of construction zones. The model estimates hourly traffic volumes without adjustment factors, helping transportation agencies plan for efficient work zone operations.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used food science concepts to study membrane-free droplets in cells, finding they are highly organized and respond to the environment. They discovered a protein called MEG-3 that stabilizes these droplets, allowing them to separate and react quickly to changes.
Researchers developed WebFRIS, a web-based platform to provide socio-economic vulnerability analysis and simplify flood risk information. The tool can help formulate targeted solutions and enhance social capacity and resilience in flood-prone regions.
Researchers found that areas protected under 'whole-site' Marine Protected Area (MPA) status have four-fold increases in fish abundance and diversity compared to unprotected areas. The study also showed significant benefits for commercially important fish species and conservation.
A new Boston University School of Medicine study explores the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising on patients seeking cosmetic procedures. The research found that DTC ads often exaggerate benefits while minimizing risks, suggesting that patients may believe that trained medical professionals are not necessary for these proce...
Scholars argue that well-done vaccine selfies can encourage others to get vaccinated and share personal stories about the effects of the vaccine. The practice can create a bandwagon effect, highlighting health, joy, and optimism and positively shaping public perception of COVID-19 vaccines.
A study conducted by Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research has shown that extremely low doses of radiation combined with existing therapies can turn
Researchers developed a new computational procedure to discover functional protein shapes, revealing molecular details of cellular processes. The approach focused on allosteric regulation and applied to adenylate cyclase, a key enzyme in energy metabolism and hormone signaling.
A study published in PLOS Genetics found that smoking-related DNA methylation patterns explain around 1/5 of the variation in body mass index between individuals. The study analyzed genomic sequence data from over 390,000 participants and found that genetics accounted for 50% of the variation in BMI.
A new report reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in psychological distress, depression, and anxiety among US men and women. The study found that individuals with pre-existing health conditions, financial stressors, and caregiving responsibilities were more likely to experience psychological distress.
A new study found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with changes in placental DNA methylation and poor birth outcomes. The research suggests that these epigenetic changes may affect fetal growth by altering the expression of genes involved in environmental responses, growth, and inflammation.
Scientists have developed a chemical process that converts hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas emitted from manure piles and sewer pipes, into hydrogen fuel. The process uses iron sulfide with a trace amount of molybdenum as an additive and requires relatively little energy.
The MPA Guide categorizes MPAs by stage of establishment and level of protection, highlighting the importance of including local peoples in the decision-making process for effective conservation. The guide specifies outcomes for biodiversity and human well-being depending on the chosen level of protection.
Researchers at UC San Diego will use $6.4 million in NIH funding to study the influence of external signals on insulin production in beta cells. They aim to create a roadmap of genetic variations that can predict changes in insulin output, which may help prevent and treat diabetes.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decline in lung cancer clinical trial enrollment, with 43% fewer participants enrolling between 2019 and 2020. Researchers identified several barriers, including patient concerns about infection and transportation, as well as institutional challenges such as closures and staff availability.
A three-year clinical study found that students who received eyeglasses through a school-based program scored higher on reading and math tests. The students who struggled the most academically showed the greatest improvement, with gains equivalent to two to four months of additional education.
The IMpower010 trial found significant disease-free survival improvement in patients with resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab. The study showed a benefit across different disease stages, surgery types, and chemotherapy regimens.
A mechanical engineering faculty-researcher at RIT is developing a microfluidic device to improve the detection of drug-resistant bacteria in blood, which can cause severe infection and death. The goal is to detect these strains early, allowing for prompt treatment and recovery.
A team from Simon Fraser University has created a low-cost, portable ventilator using 3D-printed origami technology, which can be produced for about $200 compared to $2,000. The design also makes it small and lightweight, making it useful for treating COVID-19 patients or those in remote rural areas.
A study led by Duke University researchers found that nearly 2.7 million people in the US lost employer-based health insurance during the spring and summer of 2020, but gained coverage through government programs like Medicaid. The study suggests that recent policy changes created a safety net to support those affected by job loss.
A national study compares three state laws aimed at increasing hospital nurse staffing: mandated staffing ratios, staffing committees, and public reporting. The study found that staffing mandates lead to a significant increase in RN staffing, while alternative approaches have little impact on hospital nursing levels.
Researchers co-led by Jonathan L. Haines are conducting a comprehensive analysis of genetic data from over 100,000 people worldwide to better understand the condition. The study aims to uncover the genetic architecture of age-related macular degeneration and its impact on diverse populations.
Researchers at Stanford University have overcome a key obstacle in phase-change memory technology, enabling faster and more energy-efficient data storage. By using a thermally insulating flexible substrate, they reduced power consumption by a factor of 10 on flexible substrates and 100 on rigid silicon.
Researchers discovered serotonin helps regulate dopamine levels, reducing addiction rates to 20% in humans. The study used mice self-administering cocaine and adding unpleasant stimuli, revealing serotonin's crucial role in curbing addiction.
A study by NYU Steinhardt Professor Eric S. Jackson found that adults who stutter do not stutter during private speech, suggesting a strong social component in stuttering. The 'talk-alone-effect' is real and is influenced by the perception of being heard by a listener.
A recent study found that fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair significantly reduced mortality rates for patients with complex aortic aneurysms, with a 1% risk of mortality at 30 days compared to 21% in open surgical repair. The procedure also showed better outcomes regarding major adverse events, including spinal cord injury.
NIST scientists use a novel technique to measure the properties of silicon crystals, revealing new insights into subatomic particles and the strength of a possible fifth force. The results provide improved precision and complementary information for both X-ray and neutron scattering.
The National Institute on Aging has expanded its network of cutting-edge Alzheimer's disease and related dementias centers, with two new centers in North Carolina and Texas. The Duke/University of North Carolina ADRC will focus on understanding age-related changes across the lifespan and identifying disparities in dementia among differ...
The proportion of journal articles using questionnaires tripled between 1996 and 2019, indicating a focus on human opinions and perspectives. However, this trend is linked to declining citation impact, sparking debate about the value and validity of questionnaire-based research.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that cancer can cause cardiac dysfunction due to the presence of free radicals, which were reversed by specific antioxidants in fruit flies and mice with tumors. The study suggests a potential new approach to treating heart problems in cancer patients.
A universal descriptor has been found to indicate the best electrolytes for organic redox flow batteries, reducing experimentation time. This breakthrough could speed up the development of new storage technologies, enabling grid-scale energy storage with a stable grid.
A novel mortality risk prediction method helps tailor treatment decisions and transplant needs for patients based on individual symptoms. The new tool uses a random survival forest algorithm to predict individual mortality risk curves, calculate mortality at any given time, and provide a 95% confidence interval.
A new poll suggests that older adults are not using tax-advantaged savings accounts to save for future health expenses, with those who do more likely to have high incomes and education levels. The findings highlight the need for better understanding and support for low-income and vulnerable populations.
The Center for Research on Programmable Plant Systems (CROPPS) aims to create systems that enable plants to communicate their hidden biology to sensors, optimizing growth and the local environment. This will lead to breakthrough discoveries, new educational opportunities, and transformative management of crops.
A new study from the University of Colorado Boulder found that washing and drying reusable cloth masks doesn't compromise their ability to filter out viral particles. The research confirms that layering a cotton mask on top of a surgical mask provides more protection than cloth alone, with filtration efficiency reaching up to 40%.
Researchers designed electromechanically reconfigurable ultrathin optical elements that can be controlled on a pixel-by-pixel level. These versatile metasurfaces could offer a new chip-based way to achieve nanoscale control of light, leading to better optical displays and information encoding.
Researchers found that Taiwanese migrants used an online community to share information on pandemic-related policies, reducing risk of contracting the coronavirus. The study proposes design implications for crisis informatics, including language barrier removal and marginalized group acknowledgment.
A large Swedish study found a link between ADHD and dementia across generations. Parents of individuals with ADHD had a 34% higher risk of dementia compared to those without ADHD, while grandparents had a 10% increased risk.
Researchers at the University of Illinois propose a new method to detect moons around planets in double star systems. By analyzing transit timing variations, they can infer the presence of a moon. The study suggests that exomoons may play a key role in keeping planets habitable and could be critical for the evolution of life.
A New England Journal of Medicine study found that COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in preventing hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and intensive care admissions due to the virus. The vaccines provide significant protections for older adults and minorities, who have been disproportionately affected by the virus.
The journal Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (CVIA) has published its first issue of new Volume 6, featuring important research on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. The issue includes several articles on the topic, including a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
A recent study found that nearly three-quarters of non-elderly adults in the U.S. experience at least one healthcare-related administrative task per year, with those needing more medical care disproportionately affected. Existing racial and socioeconomic inequities also exacerbate these burdens.
Researchers found socio-cultural barriers, lack of maintenance and funding, economic challenges, institutional barriers, technological and environmental barriers hinder GI adoption. Community-based approach identified the need for increased transparency and communication from government, as well as resident participation and engagement.
Researchers at UVA Health System have made a groundbreaking discovery about cells' 'batteries,' revealing how they sense problems and perform quality control on mitochondrial function. This finding could lead to better treatments for non-communicable diseases, which are estimated to cause 71% of all deaths.
A new system for sampling fragments of DNA from marine organisms drifting in the ocean has been developed, enabling researchers to monitor biodiversity and conservation efforts on a global scale. The innovative approach uses water collected from engine cooling systems on commercial vessels, allowing for large-scale surveys of marine ec...
The university will lead the data and administrative center for a multicenter project investigating how variations in the human genome sequence affect its function. Researchers aim to identify which genomic variants are relevant for health and disease, improving understanding of human health and developing new treatments.
Research reveals that Greenland's coastal ice caps experienced growth rather than shrinkage during past periods of warming. This study provides a new perspective on climate change, highlighting the complex relationship between climate conditions and ice cap changes across different regions of the Arctic.
The Three Gorges Region experienced its second-highest average precipitation on record, with heavy rainstorms and floods dominating the summer of 2020. The region's ecological environment improved, with a significant weakening trend in acid rain over the past decade.
Rates of aortic valve replacement among individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias increased over time, driven by TAVR. Mortality rates after aortic valve replacement declined in this patient population.
A study published in Scientific Reports discovered dental caries in prehistoric primates, indicating a high fruit diet or sugar-rich foods. The prevalence of caries fluctuated over time, suggesting changes in the primates' diet between sugary and non-sugary foods.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley have been designated as a new National Institute on Aging (NIA)-designated Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. The centers aim to promote research collaboration, encourage data sharing, and offer information and clinical trials f...
Researchers identified sex-dependent changes in gene expression in the brainstem during neonatal opioid withdrawal, which could lead to new therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome symptoms. The study found that prenatal opioid exposure compromised neurodevelopmental 'wiring' of the brain and...
A UTSA researcher has developed a theory behind the record-setting experiment, which demonstrates the most accurate entangling gate without lasers. This achievement enables more cost-effective and easier-to-use quantum computers, with potential applications in fields such as science, engineering, and finance.
A team of researchers from the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology has developed a fast, accurate, and cost-effective COVID-19 test. Using label-free microscopic imaging combined with artificial intelligence, they can detect and classify SARS-CoV-2 in under one minute.
Researchers found that over 92% of patients with Alzheimer's disease related dementia met at least one aducanumab trial exclusion criterion, highlighting the need for additional research on high-risk groups. The study suggests that Medicare should restrict coverage for aducanumab to eligible patients only.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered the physical mechanism behind icy plumes that precede severe thunderstorms and potentially deadly tornadoes. The study reveals a hydraulic jump phenomenon triggered by fluid obstacles in the atmosphere, leading to rapid water vapor injection into the stratosphere.
Researchers have developed a new family of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that target muscle tissue more efficiently, reducing the risk of liver damage and allowing for lower doses. This improved delivery method has shown promise in treating genetic muscle diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and X-linked myotubular myopathy.
Researchers found that the stability of an amorphous metal alloy's structure is disrupted by mechanical influences, leading to crystalline inclusions. The alloy retains useful properties at pressures below 400 gigapascals before experiencing rapid crystallization and loss of structural integrity.
A study published in Stroke Journal Report found that eating 4-5 peanuts per day lowers the risk of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women. Peanuts are rich in heart-healthy nutrients that help reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Researchers have identified nine FDA-approved drugs that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells. These compounds have been shown to be safe in humans and could potentially provide an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients.
A study led by Ruixue Zhaoyang found that frequent and pleasant social interactions can boost cognitive performance in older adults. Participants who reported more social interactions had better cognitive performance on the same day and for days following.
Researchers found a 12,000-year record of marine sediment cores in Antarctica showing fluctuations in sea ice levels affecting algae growth. Algal bloom events occurred nearly every year before 4,500 years ago, but became less frequent after 4.5 thousand years ago, responding to climate cycles like ENSO.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that while some free time is beneficial for well-being, too much of it can lead to lower happiness and stress. The research analyzed data from over 21,000 Americans and suggested that a moderate amount of free time is key to boosting well-being.
The Phase III POSEIDON trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) treated with chemotherapy plus durvalumab and tremelimumab. Durvalumab combined with tremelimumab and chemotherapy reduced the risk of death...
QUT researchers developed a new mathematical model to enable faster solutions for complicated problems in agriculture, ecology and medicine. The method improves how to determine the 'best' intervention strategies, balancing benefits and side effects, and can be applied to farming practices and chemotherapy.
Researchers have discovered a new class of RNA-guided nucleases, called OMEGA, that can be harnessed for genome editing in human cells. These naturally occurring systems are widespread and likely ancient, suggesting that RNA-guided activities evolved independently on multiple occasions.
African countries faced limited initial virus spread from outside imports but emerged with deadly, high-transmission variants after intense domestic transmission. The true number of infections may be higher than reported, threatening global vaccine efficacy.
A recent global study on river ecosystems found that biodiversity loss can significantly impact the functioning of pristine water courses. The study, conducted by an international research network, revealed that alterations to ecosystems have severe and region-specific consequences.
Researchers have developed a smart dental implant that resists bacterial growth and generates its own electricity through chewing and brushing. The implant uses a nanoparticle-infused material that repels bacteria and an embedded light source powered by piezoelectric properties to conduct phototherapy.
Researchers deployed 100 short-period seismometers to measure ice flow velocity in East Antarctica, tracking movement of up to 1m over a one-month period. The study found that seismic stations on ice sheets showed shifting longitude distributions, while those on bedrock maintained consistent coordinates.
Researchers have sequenced the shea tree's genome, providing a valuable resource for genetic improvement and breeding. The new tool will enable faster development of high-performing shea varieties, addressing the species' slow growth rate and high demand.
The RIT workshop series on sustainable computing aims to create computers with environmental consciousness from raw materials to recycling. Keynote speakers will discuss trends in computing and its environmental footprint.
Researchers found that two drugs can suppress ACE2 protein production, reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. Cigarette smoke extract and the drugs activate a receptor that inhibits ACE2 expression, making it harder for the virus to infect cells.
Researchers found that notification legislation was not significantly associated with lower odds of late-stage diagnoses, but insurance coverage laws were linked to decreased chances of later-stage diagnoses. Younger women and Hispanic women tended to benefit more from these laws.
Researchers at the University of Illinois designed a tube-in-tube heat exchanger with significantly higher volumetric power density than current state-of-the-art devices. The optimized design enables more efficient energy transfer in industries requiring compact and high-performance heat exchangers.
Researchers have developed light-activated morphine derivative for non-addictive pain relief and photopharmaceutical drug for psoriasis treatment. A photocommutable adenosine derivative has also been created to study pain transmission, providing new insights into its mechanisms.
A predictive model estimated that cervical cancer may be eliminated in the US by 2030 in low-poverty areas, but not until 2044 in high-poverty areas. Health care disparities are a major contributor to these disparities, including lower vaccination rates and higher prevalence of cancer-causing HPV types.
A new study published in Science identifies a specific molecule, C1q, that plays a key role in the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury. The researchers found that an antibody treatment could prevent the development of negative outcomes such as sleep disruption and inflammation.
A cross-sectional study of US nursing homes found approximately 44% of pre-reporting COVID-19 cases and 40% of pre-reporting deaths were not reported in the NHSN. This suggests an underreporting of over 68,000 unreported cases and 16,000 unreported deaths nationally.
A recent NIH-supported study highlights alarming disparities in opioid overdose deaths among non-Hispanic Black individuals in the US. The rates increased by 38% from 2018 to 2019, with Kentucky and Ohio experiencing the largest increases. The research emphasizes the need for community-based interventions addressing these disparities.