A phase 2 randomized controlled clinical trial found that intranasal insulin increased walking speed, cerebral blood flow, and improved decision making and verbal memory. The treatment also showed promise for preventing or slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease-related dementias in older adults.
Researchers have discovered a new sleep molecule, microRNA-137 (miR-137), that regulates hypocretin levels for normal sleep. The study found that miR-137 is associated with hypocretin regulation and sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and insomnia.
Researchers found that harbor seals' vocal tracts matched their body size, explaining their ability to produce a wide range of calls. The study provides insight into the evolution of complex communication systems and highlights the intelligence of harbor seals.
A team of researchers discovered a soil microbe's enzyme that performs carbon fixation 20 times faster than plant enzymes. The enzyme consists of pairs of molecules working in sync to get the job done faster. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient artificial photosynthesis and produce fuels, fertilizers, and other products.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that methylphenidate improves visual task performance when specific groups of neurons fire independently. The study sheds light on how Ritalin affects neural activity, which may lead to new treatments for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have tested experimentally two common hypotheses about the transport properties in perovskites, eliminating them as possible explanations for superior charge transport. Measurements by Maryam Sajedi did not show a giant Rashba effect or a postulated increase in effective mass for CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 samples.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have demonstrated the efficacy of adalimumab in treating early-stage Dupuytren's disease. The trial found that patients receiving adalimumab experienced softening and reduction in size of treated nodules, with sustained effects up to nine months after treatment.
Researchers developed a new method using actigraphy to monitor sleep-wake cycles in children with brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation. The study found lower rest-activity ratios, suggesting poorer sleep-wake regulation and lower functional status.
A new study suggests that a wearable sensor can detect the gases released from a person's skin to monitor biomarkers related to metabolic disorders. The technology has the potential to track long-term changes in metabolic rates and could also be used to detect signs of liver disease.
Researchers found that global warming is accelerating the water cycle, leading to increased storm intensity and ice melting at the poles. Satellite data revealed a significant increase in surface salinity, indicating a stronger interaction between the atmosphere and ocean.
A team of researchers at UC Riverside has discovered that a protein complex called CAF-1 controls genome organization to maintain lineage fidelity in blood stem cells. The study found that CAF-1 keeps specific genomic sites compacted and inaccessible to transcription factors, ensuring the expression of lineage-specific genes.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory discovered an aberrant protein that mimics the action of aminoglycoside antibiotics, which could help scientists understand how those drugs kill bacterial cells. The newly identified protein could lead to the development of new inhibitors to target bacterial growth.
Researchers engineered NiCoP4O12/NiCoP nanowire arrays with high specific capacity and improved electrochemical performance through phosphorus doping. The material exhibits a high capacitance of 507.8 μAh·cm−2 and ultra-stable ability after 10000 cycles.
Researchers at the University of California - Santa Cruz have made a breakthrough in developing an antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. A novel treatment has been shown to rescue CO-poisoned red blood cells and rapidly clear the gas from the blood, offering new hope for victims.
Researchers introduced a negative polar atomic layer to achieve a giant TER ratio of up to 10^5% in ferroelectric tunnel junctions. The study proposes a feasible scheme for designing high-performance FTJs with improved properties.
The EU's CLAIM project successfully contributed to reducing plastic litter and microplastics in European seas through innovative technologies and methodological approaches. The project's findings have paved the way for policy change and increased awareness of the importance of plastic-free seas.
A comprehensive review of 40 years of published studies on the benefits of Maharishi Vastu architecture reveals its potential as a tool for promoting mental and physical health. The findings support the growing recognition that building design plays a key role in both causing and preventing humanity's health challenges.
A study of over 25,000 medical graduates found that gay, lesbian, and bisexual students perceive their medical school learning environments as less favorable, leading to increased burnout. The findings highlight the need for improved support systems and inclusive environments for LGBTQ+ students in medical education.
Researchers have developed a method to control the rotational states of chiral molecules, allowing for specific separation of enantiomers. By irradiating chiral molecules with UV radiation and microwaves, the team has gained more control over which 'hand' is in which state.
Researchers analyzed stress perturbation on the Maqin-Maqu segment of the Eastern Kunlun fault after the 2021 Ms7.4 Maduo Earthquake, finding it likely to be substantially stressed and promote earthquakes on the seismic gap. The study predicts increased seismic activity in surrounding faults.
A new study in Heart Rhythm reveals that only 12% of clinical electrophysiologists are women, with significant disparities in representation compared to other cardiologic specialties. The study highlights the need to recruit and retain more women in electrophysiology to improve patient care.
Researchers used fMRI and genetic mice to study neurotransmitters' effects on brain network connectivity, a dynamic process crucial for human health and behavior. They found activating the LC led to changes in DMN dynamics, suggesting new targets for treatment.
A study of 7,000 medical interns found that LGBTQ+ individuals experience higher depressive symptoms than their heterosexual peers during physician training. The gap widens over the course of training, highlighting a need for targeted support and resources.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai have developed an AI tool that accurately predicts pancreatic cancer patients based on CT scan images. Lowering blood cholesterol has also been shown to slow the growth of prostate cancer by enhancing immune cell action. Additionally, a new study found that an ultrasound probe plugged into a smartphone can b...
Research reveals that the IgG3 subclass exhibits superior antiviral activity, with its long and flexible hinge region being critical for protection against viral infections. This understanding can guide the design of 'super-antibodies' for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
Researchers from Dartmouth College used artificial intelligence to draft wine and beer reviews, finding agreement between human and machine-generated reviews. The team also developed a system to write review syntheses, aggregating elements from existing reviews to provide limited but relevant information about products.
A team led by Andrew Musser at Cornell University has developed a method to tune the speed of polaritons, hybrid particles that combine light and molecules, allowing for increased range and potential applications in efficient solar cells, sensors, and LEDs. This breakthrough could lead to more controlled energy transfer and improved de...
Research published in Science Advances discovers the importance of pressure sensing combined with stiffness sensing in determining vascular smooth muscle cell behavior. The study identifies molecular pathways related to mechanical sensing in cells and tissues, shedding light on potential new strategies for targeting atherosclerosis.
A new SISSA study proposes the existence of 'non-minimal coupling' in dark matter, which modifies its gravitational influence on standard matter. This new property could be the key to deciphering the dialogue between dark matter and standard matter.
Researchers at Ohio University investigated the differences between purging disorder and bulimia nervosa, finding that while both conditions involve self-induced vomiting, purging disorder is characterized by a lack of binge eating episodes. The study suggests that purging disorder requires specific treatments that target its unique sy...
A study by Children's National Hospital found that elevated anxiety, depression, and stress in pregnant women can alter key features of the fetal brain, decreasing their offspring's cognitive development at 18 months. This alteration also increased internalizing and dysregulation behaviors.
Biomedical polymers show great potential in treating various diseases through targeted drug delivery and precise diagnostics. Recent advances have led to the development of intelligent polymeric carriers that can respond to external or intrinsic signals for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
The joint guide provides a framework for establishing theranostic centers globally, focusing on safety protocols and operational procedures. It highlights best practices for radiation protection, storage, administration, and other topics to improve patient care.
A workplace-based guaranteed financial incentive of $1,000 significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake among employees at a US company. The study suggests that such incentives can be an effective strategy to improve vaccination rates.
Researchers developed a new aqueous electrolyte that enables MXene-based supercapacitors to operate at high voltages (up to 1.6 V) and wide temperatures (-40°C to 60°C), while maintaining energy density of up to 31.7 mWh cm– .
New anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development have made progress, but big challenges remain, including latent TB and the COVID-19 pandemic impact. The authors see promise in prioritizing drug combinations and accelerating approval of shorter treatment regimens.
The American Geriatrics Society honored over 20 leaders in various disciplines with prestigious awards at the #AGS22 Annual Scientific Meeting. These leaders champion person-centered care for older adults through research, education, and clinical practice.
Two new studies found that surgical interns and LGBTQ physicians-in-training experience higher rates of depression than their peers. Surgical interns who identified as female or had a history of adverse childhood experiences were also at increased risk. The studies add to the growing body of knowledge about mental health concerns in me...
A novel therapy using sustained release of nitric oxide has been shown to ameliorate obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet. The therapy was found to decrease body weight, improve glucose tolerance, and stimulate the browning of adipose tissue.
Research highlights the need for strategic conservation plans to protect at-risk species as they shift their ranges due to climate change. Climate conditions are expected to change in over a quarter of global protected areas under a scenario of 2°C warming, posing physical and non-physical barriers to species migration.
A retrospective study examined deaths, injuries, and hospital costs after a 30-foot border wall was built in San Diego and Imperial counties. The study found that raising the US-Mexico wall resulted in increased migrant deaths, trauma center admissions, and severity of injuries.
Scientists at Scripps Research developed a new method called CATCH to image where drugs bind to their targets across different tissues and with higher precision than ever before. This technique allows for better understanding of why one drug is more potent or has a particular side effect compared to another.
Researchers have discovered that treating bone marrow stem cells with GREM1 protein can suppress hypertrophic differentiation and slow down matrix degradation in engineered cartilage tissue. This approach has potential for developing viable cartilage tissues, but may not completely eliminate degeneration.
Researchers discovered a novel mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene that causes severe Lewy body pathology, revealing distinct mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The E83Q mutation influences alpha-synuclein's structure and aggregation properties, leading to increased pathology formation and toxicity.
A new algorithm was developed to improve the transfer efficiency of near-infrared spectroscopic qualitative models. The algorithm, called CAWS, was shown to optimize the performance of discriminant models in wheat and corn discrimination.
Researchers have found that Bronze Age daggers were used to process animal carcasses, including slaughtering livestock and butchering carcasses. The discovery was made using a new method that extracted organic residues from the daggers, revealing micro-residues of collagen and associated bone, muscle, and tendon fibres.
A study in rural Malawi found high mortality rates for children admitted to hospital with low blood sugar or oxygen levels. The findings suggest that earlier identification and prompt care-seeking could help reduce the risk of death, emphasizing the need for better clinical management of severely ill children.
A recent study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology found little evidence to suggest that diversity or antipathy towards ethnic others affects attitudes towards equity or public action aimed at reducing inequalities. People who are already skeptical of immigrants do not increase in skepticism about welfare schemes, but rat...
A recent study found that a single course of antibiotics disrupts the balance of gut bacteria and fungi in infants, leading to increased competition for space. This disruption can result in long-term adverse effects on human health, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and chronic inflammatory diseases.
A Harvard-led team created a new method for processing quantum information that allows for the dynamic change of atoms' layout during computation, expanding capabilities and enabling self-correction of errors. This approach uses entanglement to connect atoms remotely and can process exponentially large amounts of information.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a smartphone app that uses near-infrared camera technology to track pupil size changes, which can indicate cognitive conditions. The app is designed to be user-friendly for older adults and has shown comparable results to traditional pupillometry devices.
Fermilab engineers have developed a new control electronics system, known as Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit (QICK), to improve the performance of quantum computers while reducing costs. The system uses field-programmable gate array-based controls and has been shown to be faster and more cost-efficient than existing systems.