Scientists recreated small solar flares in a lab using high-powered lasers, shedding light on the mechanisms behind magnetic reconnection. They recorded electrical currents and plasma acceleration, providing new insights into this fundamental astronomical phenomenon.
A blast of high-energy light from a galaxy 1 billion light-years away challenges long-held theories on gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The event, detected by NASA's Swift Observatory and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, reveals that kilonovae triggered by neutron star collisions can also produce long GRBs.
A new method for preparing microwave squeezed vacuum states has been developed using a cavity magnomechanical system, overcoming limitations of existing Josephson parametric amplifiers. The work enables the production of high-quality squeezed states at room temperature with reduced cost and complexity.
Acoustic engineers use techniques like impulse responses to reproduce dialogue and other sounds in film. This process creates a believable audio experience for viewers, drawing them into the story. By carefully balancing dialogue, effects, and music, sound mixers achieve cinematic magic.
Scientists at Brookhaven Lab will develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for describing the interaction of heavy-flavor particles with quark-gluon plasma. The Heavy-Flavor Theory Collaboration aims to provide insights into the properties of quark-gluon plasma and its precursors in nuclear matter.
Researchers at Google Quantum AI used a quantum processor to create bound states of interacting photons, which survived in a chaotic regime. The discovery challenges previous assumptions and has implications for many-body quantum dynamics and fundamental physics discoveries.
A new coupled computer modeling approach can accurately predict compound flooding events, such as the one caused by Hurricane Florence in 2018. This technique combines ocean and river models to better capture the interactions between storm surges and rain-induced flooding.
The TIL trial has demonstrated that cell therapy using patient's own immune cells is an extremely powerful immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, with significant shrinkage of metastases in half of patients. Progression-free survival after six months was 53%, significantly better than standard immunotherapy with ipilimumab.
Global rates of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults have increased significantly between 1990 and 2019, with countries with lower socioeconomic development and women under 30 showing the largest increases. High body mass index is the main contributing factor to this trend.
A new case study explores the early years of BioOne and SPIE's nonprofit platform partnership, highlighting its potential to reduce costs and enhance strategic development. The authors share key lessons learned, including the importance of regular communication and reciprocal service-level agreements.
A new space-time coding antenna developed at City University of Hong Kong enables manipulation of beam direction, frequency, and amplitude for improved user flexibility in 6G wireless communications. The antenna relies on software control and combines research advances in leaky-wave antennas and space-time coding techniques.
The NSF is seeking proposals to utilize the ISS National Laboratory for fundamental research in fluid dynamics, thermal transport, and combustion. Researchers aim to advance knowledge that benefits life on Earth, particularly in predicting and preventing catastrophic mudslides after wildfires.
A national study confirms that vaccination significantly reduces disease severity and hospitalization risk for COVID-19, even among individuals who develop breakthrough cases. Hospital stays are shorter, ICU admissions are less common, and hospital deaths are lower among vaccinated adults compared to unvaccinated individuals.
A USC study found that Instagram posts fueled the #BlackLivesMatter protests after George Floyd's death, amplifying conversations around civil rights and shaping large-scale movements. The research showed that visual content, such as images and videos, played a crucial role in reframing narratives and mobilizing coalitions around racia...
Scientists have solved a decades-long puzzle about why ancient tetrapod fossils in Ireland's Jarrow Assemblage had their internal bone structure altered. The team used CT scans and laser ablation to analyze the chemistry of the bones, finding evidence of superheated fluids that cooked and melted the bones.
Researchers found that gamma rays can catalyze the formation of amino acids in early meteorites, which could have contributed to the origin of life on Earth. The study provides evidence for a possible mechanism by which life's building blocks were delivered to our planet.
Lehigh University has received nearly $1.75 million in funding from the US Department of Energy to support fusion energy research, specifically for ITER's long-pulse scenarios. The project aims to prepare ITER for operation and address critical research questions related to plasma control.
Researchers found that nitrogen-fixing trees experience 26% more herbivory than non-fixers, reducing their ability to alleviate nitrogen deficits in tropical soils. This selective feeding by insects and other animals limits the success of fixers and the nitrogen they provide.
A web-based multicomponent intervention has been shown to improve blood pressure control and lower blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension. The study included 4,100 patients and found that such an intervention can provide a new, effective way to treat hypertension in the community.
A GW PhD student's research on a long gamma-ray burst (GRB) has provided conclusive evidence that it was caused by the collision of two neutron stars. This groundbreaking finding challenges the scientific consensus and sheds light on the unique characteristics of GRBs.
A study found that humans are poor at identifying aggressive behavior in dogs and humans, despite accurate categorization of playful interactions. Participants performed better than chance at recognizing non-aggressive interactions but struggled to predict outcomes in aggressive situations.
Atrial fibrillation diagnosis and management are often hindered by social determinants of health, which can lead to adverse outcomes. Researchers hope to address this issue by integrating SDOH into AF research, enabling more equitable access to care and management decisions.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard University have developed a new optogenetics-based tool to manipulate neuron excitability using light. By altering the electrical capacitance of cell membranes, they can change how strongly neurons respond to electrical input, with potential applications in learning, aging, and brain disorders.
Researchers at KIMS developed a technology to manufacture epsilon iron oxide with high coercive force, capable of absorbing millimeter waves in the ultra-high frequency (30-200GHz) band. The technology is expected to accelerate commercialization of wireless communication devices and self-driving car radars.
New research reveals that reducing racial wage gaps would boost overall income by up to 4%. Closing these gaps would alleviate skill misallocation, unemployment, and improve labor market efficiency. The study aims to highlight the economic benefits of addressing inequality in the workplace.
Researchers at The University of Alabama found that properties listed by women agents sold for significantly less than those marketed by men. However, when adjusted for property attributes, there was no significant difference in price or time on the market between male and female real estate agents.
A new study reveals that only a small fraction of marine microorganisms consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide, with less than three percent accounting for up to a third of the process. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the ocean's carbon cycle.
Researchers have developed a preventative therapeutic approach that prevents stress-induced cell death in pancreatic cells, a hallmark of type 1 diabetes. The treatment targets the GLIS3-MANF pathway common to both major types of diabetes.
A circular bioeconomy can reduce plastic sector's climate impacts, but meeting Paris Climate Accord goals may lead to more plastic landfilling. A fully circular plastic sector is only possible if demand for plastics is curbed, presenting opportunities for negative emissions via biogenic carbon storage.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE explored the relationship between lying and temptation resistance in toddlers. Researchers discovered that young children who lie tend to struggle with self-control, leading them to falsely admit to peeking even when they didn't.
The University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center has received a renewed $360,000 grant from the American Cancer Society to continue supporting junior faculty in establishing and advancing cancer research programs. The grant will provide seed money for nine pilot awards over three years.
Researchers have created a non-flammable electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries by increasing the amount of salt in a polymer-based solution. This 'SAFE' electrolyte proves to be stable at high temperatures, allowing batteries to function safely and efficiently. The development could lead to improved performance, reduced space occupied ...
A new study published in JAMA found that choosing a Medicare Advantage plan does not significantly improve heart attack survival rates compared to traditional Medicare. Despite this, Medicare Advantage participants still had higher rates of certain care procedures and lower hospital readmission rates.
A new Dartmouth study uses a subjective approach to investigate how people perceive social interactions. The results show that the brain responds more strongly to information interpreted as social versus non-social, highlighting humans' tendency to see social connections.
Researchers found a molecular pathway that plants use to direct their carbon dioxide intake, allowing for more efficient water use and increased crop resilience. This breakthrough could lead to new tools for crop breeders and farmers to produce crops robust enough for the changing environment.
Researchers at MIT have developed a scheme for private information retrieval that is about 30 times faster than other comparable methods. The technique enables users to search an online database without revealing their query to the server, with potential applications in private communication and targeted advertising.
A new study published in Neurology found that people taking cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins may have a lower risk of having a type of stroke called an intracerebral hemorrhage. Longer use of statins was associated with a lower risk of stroke in both lobe and non-lobe areas of the brain.
Researchers at USC developed a 'heart attack on a chip' device to study heart attacks and test new personalized medicines. The device replicates the effects of an oxygen gradient on cardiac tissue function, shedding light on the mysteries of heart cell communication and change after a heart attack.
Researchers from the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology have identified three metabolites as potential biomarkers for individual coffee consumption. These biomarkers could help determine the health value of coffee by objectively verifying coffee consumption levels.
A study found that children born in November-December had an 80% higher risk of being prescribed ADHD medication compared to those born in January-February. The researcher suggests that the youngest children are being overmedicated due to their age, rather than any inherent difference in maturity.
A recent study identified several characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of post COVID-19 condition diagnosis. These include female sex, previous mental health disorders, and asthma. The study also found that use of outpatient care was substantially elevated among individuals with post COVID-19 condition.
Researchers discovered a long-duration gamma-ray burst that defied prevailing theories, leading to the proposal of a new model for its origin. The unusual burst was found to have characteristics similar to those of short-duration bursts, challenging current understanding of gamma-ray burst formation.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Medicine found that COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce the likelihood of reinfection and severe symptoms. Vaccinated individuals who have recovered from the virus have a 50% to 60% lower risk of reinfection compared to those who are not vaccinated.
A recent study found that pregnant subsistence farmers in The Gambia experience physiological strain due to heat stress exposure, leading to raised foetal heart rates and slower blood flow. The research highlights the need for effective interventions to protect these women and reduce adverse birth outcomes.
New research reveals that bat virus relatives of MERS-CoV efficiently bind to bat ACE2 receptors as an entry point into cells. However, these viruses only weakly bind to human ACE2 cell receptors and are not known to cause disease outbreaks in people.
A landmark study provides the strongest evidence yet that dinosaurs were in their prime when a deadly asteroid hit, leading to their mass extinction. The research shows that mammals diversified their diets and adapted to environments, creating advantages that helped them survive the disaster.
Researchers propose using Earth's karst caves to simulate extraterrestrial lava tubes, demonstrating feasibility in structure and environmental aspects. Karst caves are comparable in size and provide mild environments, reducing energy consumption in terms of heat control.
A two-year study funded by NEFE and the FINRA Foundation aims to increase the effectiveness of high school personal finance courses. The project will examine teacher perspectives and student reactions to personal finance classes, with a focus on high-poverty schools.
The National Cancer Institute awards $10.5 million to USC's Division of Biostatistics to develop statistical methods for uncovering new risk factors associated with cancer by integrating large volumes of health, genomic, and exposure data. The project aims to provide new insights into complex biological processes and discoveries of nov...
A new study from Ohio State University found that individuals with greater certainty in their views on vaccines are more likely to become vaccine advocates. This discovery could aid in identifying target audiences for interventions aimed at increasing pro-vaccine certainty.
Scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center discovered gene usage similarities between COVID-19 patients' brains and aging brains. This study suggests a link between severe COVID-19 and accelerated brain aging, with potential implications for neurological follow-up in recovered individuals.
Researchers propose new structures to capture and condense water vapor from above oceans, providing fresh water for large population centers in subtropical regions. The study assesses the feasibility of this method under climate change conditions.
Researchers have identified three new subtypes of glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer, based on the presence of specific non-cancer cells. These subtypes may help identify targeted therapies, such as immunotherapies, for improved patient outcomes.
The study suggests a significant decrease in US melanoma mortality rates, thanks to the availability of effective therapies and new pharmacological treatments. These findings are encouraging and support the continued development of such therapies.
A genomic assay called Breast Cancer Index (BCI) has been shown to predict the risk of distant recurrence in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. Patients with high BCI scores are at increased risk of recurrence, while those with low scores may benefit more from ovarian suppression therapy.
A new study found that drug overdose deaths among pregnant and postpartum women reached a record high in 2020, with 1,249 deaths due to overdose. The number of pregnancy-associated overdose deaths increased by more than 80% over the past four years, largely driven by fentanyl-involved deaths.
Beneficial fungi can transfer carbon sources to plants, promoting plant growth and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. PIP produced by a rhizosphere fungus was found to be uptaken by Arabidopsis thaliana to enhance immune responses.
A new study has identified major barriers to conserving island ecosystems, including poor governance policies and lack of staff training. The research highlights the need for targeted funding and incentives to support frontline conservation workers in their efforts to protect these critical ecosystems.
Researchers at FAU and industry partners aim to create a universal radio adapter for seamless and secure operations through non-cooperative indigenous 5G networks. The project aims to reduce interception, disruption, or jamming of communications over 5G networks.
Scientists successfully fabricated a topological insulator using 3D metal-printed materials, exhibiting tunable edge transport and robust surface states. The device enables the construction of a monolithic elastic network with potential applications in elastic wave manipulation.