Researchers developed flexible thermochromic fibers that can change color and pattern in response to environmental signals. The fibers were used to create a dynamic colored display fabric with QR code, which was successfully recognized, enabling applications in social contact, information security, and wearable human-computer interaction.
A joint study by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics and the Met Office reduces projection uncertainty in extreme precipitation by 20-40% in mid-to-high latitudes. The emergent relationship between present-day precipitation variability and climate model projections provides a new constraint for more reliable projections.
Researchers identified specific monkeypox mutations that contribute to its continued infectiousness. The virus is accumulating mutations where drugs and antibodies from vaccines are supposed to bind, making it smarter and more infectious.
A new common path interferometer combining Fizeau and Twyman-Green principles has been developed to measure complex precision optics with improved accuracy. The Tilted Wave Interferometer overcomes reference wave problems, enhancing flexibility and reducing measurement time.
A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that analyzing patients' drawing tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) and distinguish it from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The researchers discovered that DLB patients showed differences in speed-, pressure-, and pause-related features, whereas AD patients sh...
Researchers describe how oxygen levels in the blood are detected using specialized mitochondria in glomus cells. A study on genetically modified mice reveals that a functional electron transport chain is crucial for this process, which has implications for respiratory depression and diseases.
A new review highlights the lack of understanding about non-game native transplant (NGNT) fish in the US, which can have significant impacts on ecosystems. Researchers urge anglers and aquarium hobbyists to take steps to prevent NGNT invasions, such as not releasing bait fish into different watersheds.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has identified NGC 1068 as a source of high-energy neutrinos. The newly discovered properties of this source differ from previously known blazars, suggesting multiple populations of sources may contribute to the observed cosmic neutrino background.
Researchers use polarized X-ray measurements to refine models of black holes swallowing matter. The new data from Cygnus X-1 reveals a pencil-shaped plasma outflow and supports the hypothesis that processes near the black hole launch jets. This insight improves understanding of gravity's effects on space-time around black holes.
Researchers at Australian National University have developed a new way to boost the performance of silicon photovoltaic cells. By adding passivating contacts, they significantly reduce electrical losses and increase productivity.
A recent study by Tokyo University of Science researchers provides theoretical foundations for effective parameter tuning in the Bernoulli shift map. They used modular arithmetic to determine optimal parameter values for preserving chaos, with implications for other chaotic maps like the tent and logistic maps.
Researchers have found evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from NGC 1068, an active galaxy in the constellation Cetus. The detection was made at the National Science Foundation-supported IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which reported its first observation of a high-energy astrophysical neutrino source in 2018.
A study analyzing health records of veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID symptoms reveals the challenges of diagnosing and managing this condition. The analysis highlights complexities in clinical diagnosis and patient care.
A recent study analyzing over 93,000 cases reveals a direct link between childhood trauma and the risk of developing a mental disorder in adulthood. The study highlights the importance of treating psychological trauma in patients and investing in prevention programs to reduce the risk of suffering a mental disorder.
Researchers at the University of Houston are developing a clinical decision support system to predict which patients with diabetes are most likely to experience complications. The tool, called Primary Care Forecast, uses deep learning to consider patient health history and social factors such as employment status and education level.
A new study presents a closed-loop gene therapy approach that targets only overactive neurons, reducing spontaneous seizures in mice. The approach uses the Fos gene to control the Kcna1 gene, promoting reduced neuronal excitability and offering a persistent antiepileptic effect.
A major clinical trial found that a short course of antibiotics can significantly reduce the risk of stomach bleeding caused by regular aspirin use, potentially improving its safety. The study involved 30,166 patients taking aspirin and showed rapid protection from hospital admissions for ulcer bleeding.
A study by King's College London found that the number of new diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis fell by 20% during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating a potential substantial burden of undiagnosed patients. In contrast, for those diagnosed during the pandemic, there were no delays in starting treatment.
A new assessment of monkeypox infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo shows rising transmission rates, approaching the point where outbreaks are likely to be larger and more frequent. The study highlights the potential for sustained local outbreaks and increased risks of new outbreaks globally.
A study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring found that analyzing patients' speech can distinguish between different types of dementia. The research team developed a machine learning model using speech features to identify Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia.
A new study by MIT researchers shows that mobile phones can collect useful structural integrity data while crossing bridges. The study found that information about bridge vibrations can be extracted from smartphone-collected accelerometer data, and that this method could add years to a road bridge's lifespan. By leveraging crowdsourced...
A high-fat diet in pregnant monkeys alters the transcriptional landscape of fetal blood stem cells, leading to a hyperinflammatory response and suppressed B-cell development. The study's findings suggest that maternal obesity may influence fetal bone marrow and immune system development.
A combination of pembrolizumab and nanoparticle-bound paclitaxel has shown a high response rate of 50% in patients with platinum-refractory or ineligible urothelial cancers. The treatment has also been associated with improved median duration of response and overall survival time, providing an urgently needed new treatment option.
A Waterloo research team created the Wi-Peep drone-powered device, which can see through walls by exploiting a WiFi security loophole called polite WiFi. This allows it to identify and locate WiFi-enabled devices within seconds.
A new study at Carnegie Mellon University found that group cohesion reduces whistleblowing tendencies within an organization but increases them outside of the group. This challenges prevailing views on whistleblowing and highlights the importance of considering relational dynamics in organizational interventions.
A study by Cornell University and Northwestern University found that boycotts have a limited impact on brand sales, while buycotts have a short-lived effect in increasing sales. The researchers analyzed sales data over time and by market, as well as social media activity, to determine the net effect of boycotts and buycotts on sales.
A new study by Staffordshire University reveals that women's football clubs in Europe are lacking in education on menstrual cycles, hormonal contraception, and pregnancy. The research highlights the need for more female coaches and formalized coach education to address these issues and promote player well-being.
A rare genetic variation in the X chromosome's TLR7 gene has been identified as a five times greater risk factor for severe COVID-19. The study, conducted across 12 countries, highlights the importance of host genetics in COVID-19 outcomes.
Researchers develop hybrid brightfield-darkfield transport of intensity approach, expanding accessible sample spatial frequencies and achieving 5-fold resolution increase. This method enables precise detection and quantitative analysis of subcellular features in large-scale cell studies.
A new study found that US schools and school districts have shared an estimated 4.9 million Facebook posts with identifiable images of students, posing a risk to student privacy. The research highlights the need for practical steps to mitigate this risk, including making school pages private and seeking parent consent.
A new study reveals that protected areas of natural and seminatural vegetation effectively cool the land surface temperature, providing a thermal buffer against climate change. This helps to protect species in the wild from episodes of extreme heat and moderates biotic responses to macroclimate warming.
The study provides detailed pictures of NMDA receptors, which mediate essential signals between neurons. The findings have significant implications for treating schizophrenia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
Researchers analyzed fluid dynamics and electrically conducting fluids to conclude the Earth must have been magnetized before or as a result of its formation. This discovery could help narrow down theories on the Earth-Moon system, with implications for future research.
The campaign boosted confidence in forecasting similar events with simultaneous satellite, aircraft, and balloon-based observational data. The results showed positive impacts on track and intensity forecasts of TC Mulan, as well as improved rainfall forecasts along the South China coast.
A type of dietary fiber called inulin alters gut bacteria metabolism, triggering type 2 inflammation in the gut and lungs. Inulin boosts Treg cells but also induces higher levels of eosinophils, a classic sign of type 2 inflammation.
A strain of yeast called Candida auris is causing persistent and difficult-to-treat infections globally. The fungus has been found in hospitals on multiple continents, with cases registered in Denmark, where it has spread through hospital equipment and patient contact.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have developed a new therapeutic strategy to tackle endometrial cancer by inhibiting the MAPK kinase ERK5. This inhibition impairs tumor cell proliferation and survival, potentiating the anticancer activity of chemotherapy.
A new UCLA-led study found comprehensive brain-wide changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, refining scientists' understanding of how the condition progresses. The study analyzed gene expression across 11 cortical regions, revealing strong evidence that RNA changes in the brain are likely the cause of ASD.
Researchers developed high-capacity free-space optical links using unipolar quantum optoelectronic devices, achieving unprecedented data rates of up to 30 Gbit/s at 31-meter distances. The system's performance is resistant to weather conditions and showcases potential for fast, long-range optical links.
Researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine discovered a high prevalence of COVID-19 co-infections with the flu during the 2021-2022 flu season, peaking at 48% in October 2021. Vaccinations against both viruses appeared to offer protection against co-infections.
A team of astronomers used the James Webb Telescope to identify five ancient globular clusters, potentially containing the first and oldest stars in the universe. The clusters were formed close to the Big Bang, offering insights into star formation and galaxy evolution.
Researchers found that the Eya protein regulates cell contact behavior, allowing for self-organization of epithelial cells with nurse cells. This mechanism enables complex development processes, including egg chamber formation and sperm cell development, in Drosophila.
A new study by UCL researchers found that problem drinking is associated with a higher risk of suicide and self-harm, particularly among those with 'probable dependence'. The study also identified signs of alcohol negatively impacting people's lives as risk factors.
A team of scientists has identified a key gene that enables beta cells to communicate with each other, enabling the pancreas to respond to glucose by insulin secretion. The discovery could help create replacement beta cells for diabetes therapy in the future.
A study by researchers at the University of Washington found that infants are less likely to contract COVID-19 and develop severe symptoms if their mothers test positive for the virus. The study suggests that infant infection is mostly related to household transmission, not solely from maternal risk.
Researchers discover exceptional individual with 12 tumors, shedding light on early detection methods and immune system response. Single-cell analysis technology shows promise in identifying cells with tumor potential before symptoms appear.
Researchers found that COVID-19 challenge trial participants are motivated by a desire to help others, not financial gain. The study suggests that volunteers have a thorough understanding of the risks involved and are driven by altruistic intentions.
Researchers used nose swabs from children with RSV in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to examine gene expression. They found that some children had greater damage to nasal cells, correlating to longer PICU stays. This discovery could lead to a diagnostic test to predict which infants will require a longer stay.
Researchers at the University of Calgary found that vaccination against influenza significantly lowers the risk of stroke among adults. The study analyzed health records of over four million Albertans and showed that the risk of stroke was reduced in all age groups, not just those at high risk.
A research team developed a smart mask integrating an ultrathin soundwave sensor that detects breathing, coughing, and speaking sounds. The mask uses machine-learning algorithms to identify respiratory diseases and improve public health by enabling prolonged monitoring.
Study participants recommend longer sentences for rehabilitation or public protection, but shorter sentences if punishment is the primary focus. The findings highlight the importance of considering the underlying motivations behind incarceration in sentencing decisions.
Researchers developed a 'clean-label' method to minimize spoilage problems in fresh pasta, adding 30 days to its shelf life. The technique uses modified atmosphere packaging and bioprotective probiotic cultures to control microbial growth.
Researchers have designed DNA-based transporters that can deliver precise concentrations of drugs, potentially improving cancer treatment. These nanotransporters can also be programmed to prolong the effect of a drug and minimize its dosage, reducing side effects.
Scientists demonstrate dynamic scalar optical hopfions, proposing a method to encode and transfer topological information. The discovery may spur interest in exploring novel methods for light-matter interaction and optical manipulation.
A new study found that only 12% of middle-aged adults are willing to participate in dementia prevention drug trials, citing concerns over the risks involved. The study suggests prioritizing those with a family history or perceived personal risk for dementia and communicating about trial safety could increase participation.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are awarded a $3.5 million NIH grant to examine how alcohol use alone or in combination with fentanyl affects HIV medications, including PrEP medication. The study aims to determine metabolite signatures and pharmacological biomarkers of PrEP in HIV-negative populations.
A study by Ural Federal University found that daytime naps and wakefulness both reinforce the formation of fear memories in response to emotional trauma. This research has significant implications for developing strategies for rehabilitating individuals with anxiety disorders.
A simple material called aluminum formate has been found to be effective in removing carbon dioxide from power plant smokestacks. The material, made from abundant and readily available chemicals, is up to 100 times less expensive than other materials with similar performance.
In an experiment pitting human expertise against artificial intelligence, researchers found that the computer program correctly predicted six out of nine proteins capable of self-assembly. This breakthrough suggests machine learning can complement human intuition in biotechnology research.
A new study from UMass Amherst identifies over 3,000 invasive plant species, but estimates suggest there could be up to 4,721 more, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive global list. The research highlights the importance of floristic surveys in understudied regions to fill knowledge gaps.