Researchers aim to assess the effectiveness of spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation and a cognitive training program in improving processing speed abilities and upper extremity function after spinal cord injury. The studies will test innovative approaches to enhance rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Researchers at the University of São Paulo developed a kraft paper-based electrochemical sensor that can detect traces of pesticides in fruit and vegetables in real time. The device resembles a glucometer and has been shown to be highly sensitive, fast, and inexpensive.
Researchers discovered a plant biological clock-regulated mechanism that helps plants tolerate cold temperatures and damage from bright light. The mechanism, controlled by the SIG5 gene, signals proteins in chloroplasts to protect against environmental stress, potentially improving crop resilience for colder climates.
A new study by Boston University researchers reveals that visual stimulation can induce large-scale changes in cerebrospinal fluid flow during wakefulness. The findings have implications for treating conditions like Alzheimer's disease, which are associated with declines in fluid flow.
A research team from Pohang University of Science & Technology has engineered an artificial kidney to detect adverse drug reactions and provide personalized treatment. The team successfully fabricated a glomerular microvessel-on-a-chip that recapitulates the kidney's filtering function and evaluates its response to various toxins.
MIT researchers discovered unconventional activation functions that enable optimal neural network performance, leading to better classification on various datasets. The findings suggest that selecting the correct activation function can significantly improve data accuracy in machine learning applications.
Researchers used virtual reality to study how memories are selected for long-term storage, revealing the anterior thalamus as a crucial stopover site. Stimulating this region enhanced memory consolidation, while inhibiting it hindered long-term retention.
Researchers found that after 96 weeks, some patients achieved loss of detectable HBsAg and reduced liver inflammation levels, indicating functional cure. The study suggests that discontinuing long-term antiviral therapy may be more effective than continuing it for certain patients.
Researchers found that applying ice to minor muscle damage in rats enhances muscle repair and reduces inflammation. The study used an animal model of mild injuries and showed that icing attenuates the recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages, preventing injury expansion. This contradicts previous findings on the negative effects of ...
Recent studies have reported significant advances in iridium-based catalysts for green hydrogen production. However, addressing high costs and research challenges are crucial to realizing their full potential.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed GlucoScreen, a new system that leverages smartphone capacitive touch sensing to measure blood glucose levels. The system's accuracy is comparable to standard glucometer testing, making it potentially less costly and more accessible for widespread screening.
Scientists have identified specific genetic variants in wheat and barley that enable plants to adapt to nitrogen deficiency by increasing root growth and improving nitrogen content. These findings offer promising opportunities for plant breeding to develop varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Kansas propose a data project life cycle to equip students with essential data skills, including spreadsheet wherewithal. The approach emphasizes planning, acquiring, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in simple spreadsheets.
This study of 690 patients with early-stage breast cancer found racial disparities in pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, affecting survival outcomes. Racial disparities varied across different breast cancer subtypes and highlight the importance of understanding tumor biology.
A new study reveals that autistic children have distinct brain activity when viewing complex visual motion patterns as early as 5 months old. This suggests that autistic individuals process visual motion differently from a young age, which may impact their development and learning.
A recent study published in Frontiers found that maternal vaginal microbiome composition does not significantly influence the development of infants' stool microbiome during the first weeks and months of life. Instead, exposure to breast milk and environmental factors are believed to play a more significant role.
A study from the University of California, Davis found that fewer than 10% of patients were screened for food insecurity during the pandemic. Screening increased to 10% after COVID-19 vaccines became available, but remained low at telehealth appointments.
Researchers have developed an AI algorithm that can remove atmospheric blur from astronomical images, resulting in more accurate scientific measurements and clearer data. The tool produces faster and more realistic images than current methods, producing 38.6% less error compared to classic methods.
The article explores knowledge gaps between laboratory and industrial manufacturing of batteries, highlighting the need for a shift in research priorities. Researchers propose new ways to design experiments that account for industry challenges, such as cost efficiency and impurity tolerance. The study aims to bridge the gap between fun...
The March special issue of SLAS Discovery introduces protocol articles highlighting detailed scientific methods and procedures in drug discovery. The issue covers topics such as 3D imaging, cancer treatments, and high-throughput screening, emphasizing transparency and rigor in research methodology.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that localized IDH wild-type histologically diffuse astrocytomas have a poor prognosis similar to the most malignant types of brain and spinal cord tumors. This highlights the importance of proper clinical diagnosis and treatment for patients with gliomas.
Researchers at Drexel University discovered that a thin MXene coating can enhance a material's ability to trap or shed heat. The coating, which is 200-300 times thinner than a human hair, can be used for both localized thermal management and large-scale radiative heating and cooling systems.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism to control turbulent heat transport by manipulating coherent structures in thermal turbulence systems. This mechanism enhances heat transfer efficiency without modifying the flow intensity.
Astronomers have observed an extremely rare and aspherical Fast Blue Optical Transient (FBOT) explosion 180 million light years away. The explosion, similar to a flat disc shape, challenges scientists' current understanding of stellar explosions.
Researchers at Cranfield University are developing a new generation of lithium-sulfur batteries that offer improved performance and reduced weight compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The technology has the potential to support electrification of short-haul aircraft, light goods vehicles, and passenger vehicles.
Ecologist Jonathan Chase will receive funding to develop new tools and analyses for understanding biodiversity change, closing knowledge gaps in quantifying changes and attributing causes. He aims to improve forecasting of future biodiversity change using large datasets and statistical methods.
A research team at Toyohashi University of Technology discovered that the flickering of flames can be controlled by moving two flames closer together or further apart. By periodically adjusting the distance between flames, they were able to stably express the state of “stopping the flickering of flames”, a phenomenon previously unknown...
Scientists developed a new RNA-based toolkit that can regulate gene expression, potentially improving regenerative medicine, gene therapy, and biotechnology. The technology uses small molecules to control the activity of synthetic RNA, allowing for precise control over gene expression.
A recent study found that heavy alcohol use changes signaling pathways in the brain, affecting cognitive functions like decision-making and impulse control. The mechanism involves the brain's immune system and the molecule interleukin 1β, which regulates inflammation and neurotransmitter release.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a novel approach to administer intrathecal and intravenous immunotherapy to treat leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in melanoma patients, showing promising results in improving survival rates and quality of life for some patients.
The research team developed a new biosensor based on a fluorescent protein utilizing human M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (hM3R), a type of GPCR. They found that a GPCR-based single receptor sensor exhibited consecutive structural conversion via the G protein cycle, and that G-protein activation caused a two-step change in the hM...
A new study in Scotland reveals that stakeholders have diverse and nuanced views on potential lynx reintroduction, with disagreements over sheep farming and ecosystem management. The research highlights the need for a participatory approach to discuss the issue.
A new procedure has shown promising results in avoiding leg amputation for patients with severe peripheral artery disease. The PROMISE II U.S. clinical trial found that 76% of patients were able to keep their legs and had completely healed or healing wounds six months post-procedure.
Frontal polymerization, a faster and more energy-efficient process, generates heat that drives natural convection. This interaction leads to patterns in the resulting solid polymeric material, affecting its properties.
A new study has identified key risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) following abdominal hysterectomies. The analysis of over 66,000 procedures found that patients with open surgery, obesity, diabetes, and younger age were more likely to experience an SSI.
Researchers have developed a new method to monitor shore ice using portable interferometric radar, which can detect small changes in the ice's distance and reveal signs of instability. This system can provide an early warning for humans working on shorefast sea ice and also aid in near-coastal navigation.
A study found that the change in guidelines led to a decline in mammography screening rates, particularly among women ages 50-74, an unintended consequence known as spillover. This effect resulted in 2.4 million fewer women being up-to-date with screening mammography between 2009 and 2018.
Researchers used a coupled model to simulate ocean circulation and temperature during the MMCO, finding that global average temperature was over 3℃ higher than present. Extensive forest coverage played a significant role in climate regulation, with land temperatures particularly high in the Sahara and high northern latitudes.
A new study reveals that Indigenous cultures integrated domestic horses of Spanish ancestry into their lifeways before Europeans arrived in the region. The analysis of archaeological horse remains suggests that these animals spread northward from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest during the first half of the 1600s.
The REST-COAST Summer Workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss innovative research and management strategies for coastal restoration. Key findings included the financing of restoration projects, nature-based solutions, and coupled modelling systems for risk reduction.
A new study identifies the anterior thalamus as a key brain region linking short-term to long-term memory. The thalamus plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, stabilizing memories from the hippocampus into long-term storage in the cortex.
Researchers have detected a cold stream of atomic carbon gas feeding star formation in a massive radio galaxy. The findings support theoretical models and offer insights into the origins of cosmic materials enabling galaxy evolution.
A new computational model of the thalamic microcircuit in mouse brains offers detailed insights into its role in brain function and dysfunction, particularly in relation to sensory processing and spindles. The model replicates network-level experimental findings across different brain states, shedding light on inhibitory rebound and th...
A recent study by the University of Exeter has confirmed the widespread trading of critically endangered European eels in international markets. The research found that about 40% of North American unagi samples contained European eel, suggesting a significant role for illegal trade in their supply chain.
Biyu J. He's groundbreaking research on perceptual cognition and subjective experience has challenged traditional views of consciousness. Her work explores how past experiences shape individual perception and understanding, using innovative techniques like fMRI and EEG.
A new study of over 200 people with premature aging syndromes caused by abnormally short telomeres suggests that chromosomal instability may not be the reason for increased cancer risk. Instead, immune system cells that age and die prematurely may play a role in cancer predisposition.
Astronomers have found that Saturn's vast ring system is heating the giant planet's upper atmosphere, a phenomenon that could provide insights into the atmospheres of distant worlds. The discovery was made using archival ultraviolet-light observations from four space missions, including Hubble and Cassini.
The High Seas Treaty aims to establish cooperative approaches to improve ocean management, but scientists argue that more research is needed to effectively implement the agreement. The treaty proposes massive marine protected areas covering 30% of the ocean by 2030, which could significantly improve ocean conservation.
A new IVF method using time-lapse monitoring has been found not to improve pregnancy rates or shorten the time it takes to get pregnant. The study, which evaluated 1731 patients over a year, also found that this approach does not lead to extra costs or benefits.
Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a system that converts waste acetone and low CO2 concentrations into biodegradable plastic using artificial photosynthesis. The study successfully synthesized 3-hydroxybutyrate with over 60% efficiency after 24 hours.
A new UC study reveals that participating in a civic leadership program empowered refugees and immigrants, increasing their perception of civic engagement. The program, designed by the refugee community, improved participants' consciousness about power, rights, and opportunities.
The research team has developed a method for mass-producing high-quality copper-graphene nanowires, enabling the production of transparent-flexible electrode materials. The technology is applicable to various energy devices, including semitransparent solar cells and transparent displays.
Researchers at West Virginia University are exploring iodine-based thrusters as an alternative to traditional fuel sources, aiming to reduce dependence on rare noble gases. They plan to develop diagnostic technology to measure the performance of these thrusters, paving the way for widespread use in space exploration.
Researchers link acute severe hepatitis in children to co-infections with multiple common viruses, including AAV2. The study suggests that getting more than one infection may have made children vulnerable to severe hepatitis.
The Faraday Institution has refocused six existing battery research projects to prioritize areas with the greatest potential for success. The £29 million investment will drive innovation in energy storage technologies, transforming the UK energy landscape from transportation to the grid.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered ultrasmall swirling magnetic vortices, known as merons and skyrmions, in an iron-containing material. These tiny magnetic structures show promise for future computer memory storage and high-efficiency microelectronics due to their stability and adaptability to binary code.
Researchers found that neutrophils activated by T cell-based immunotherapy can kill tumor cells that evade targeted therapies. This unexpected antitumor response could lead to new immunotherapies that harness this potent immune mechanism.
A clinical trial has established surgery as an effective treatment option for patients with early metastatic seminoma, a slow-growing form of testicular cancer. Surgery has been shown to offer better outcomes than traditional therapies like chemotherapy and radiation, with fewer long-term side effects.
Researchers are developing cartographic visualisations that tap into internal brain processes to enhance spatial orientation skills. The project, funded by the European Research Council, involves adding distinctive lines or graphic patterns to maps to stimulate grid cell activity in the brain.
Researchers found that stressed tomato and tobacco plants produce pops or clicks, which can be heard by insects, mammals, and possibly other plants. The sounds are thought to be caused by air bubble formation in the plant's vascular system.
A study using UK Biobank data found evidence of non-additive genetic dominance effects in human traits, revealing 183 gene loci linked to dominant and recessive patterns. These findings suggest a re-evaluation of classical genetics principles in humans, with potential implications for understanding heritability.
A Washington State University-led analysis found that fake news consumption on Facebook was the primary driver of doubt about the election's integrity. Individuals who got election news through mainstream websites were less likely to consume fake news and more likely to believe in the results.
A new study published in Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases demonstrates that the serum of white-tailed deer blood is lethal to the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. The researchers hope this discovery may lead to new strategies for preventing and treating Lyme disease.
The European Research Council has awarded €544 million in grants to 218 research leaders across Europe, enabling them to explore innovative projects. The funding is expected to create over 2,000 jobs and contribute to major scientific breakthroughs, with a focus on enhancing the well-being of women and children.
Researchers have identified a common amino acid, glycine, as a potential trigger for major depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. The discovery improves understanding of the biological causes of major depression and could accelerate efforts to develop new medications.
A team of researchers from Simon Fraser University has produced a state-of-the-art 3D recording of the Temple of Isis in Philae, Egypt. The project uses advanced methods like photogrammetry and laser scanning to document hundreds of graffiti found on the temple's columns, walls, and roof.
Researchers at Temple University and Johns Hopkins University found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) loss underlies post-myocardial infarction heart failure. BDNF levels can be replenished therapeutically, abolishing damage to heart tissue and enabling recovery.
A study of over 2.6 million people from Finland and Norway found that babies born preterm are more likely to develop asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. The risk was highest among those born extremely preterm, before 28 weeks of gestation.
SymTrust project aims to develop new symmetric cryptography methods based on sound security arguments, balancing efficiency and security. Researchers will study existing ciphers and conditions of cryptanalysis to set new standards in information encryption.
A recent study published in the journal Immunity has shed light on the immune response to parasitic worm infection, revealing a critical role for T cells and macrophages. The research team identified specific signaling molecules that control the development of tissue-resident macrophages, which are essential for eliminating the infection.
A CAMH-led study found that the probability of using a gun as a means of suicide among Americans increases with alcohol consumption. The study suggests that responsible gun ownership and awareness of alcohol's increased risk are crucial in preventing gun-involved suicides.
Researchers at Pusan National University have created a new algorithm that can accurately predict ice resistance and fracture points for ships navigating through the Arctic shipping routes. The model uses an elastic material approach, allowing it to study continuous ice-breaking processes, which is essential for efficient navigation.
A multi-site NIH study shows that less than 1% of people with opioid use disorder experience withdrawal when starting buprenorphine in the emergency department. The findings provide strong evidence for safe and effective buprenorphine treatment, even for those using stronger opioids like fentanyl.
Stuart J. Pocock, a renowned statistician, will receive the TCT Career Achievement Award for his groundbreaking work in interventional cardiology. His research has transformed patient care through evidence-based insights, improving survival and quality of life for heart disease patients worldwide.
A study of 7,500 Irish children found that harsh discipline increases the risk of developing lasting mental health problems. Children exposed to 'hostile' parenting at age three were 1.5 times likelier to have high-risk mental health symptoms by age nine.
A recent VIMS study uses a new computer model to simulate the impact of sea-level rise on coastal carbon storage. The research found that moderate rates of sea-level rise enhance plant productivity and carbon preservation, while rapid rise rates can lead to marsh collapse and decreased carbon storage.
Scientists have developed a new microscopy method that allows for non-invasive observation of mechanical properties in developing embryos. The line-scanning Brillouin microscopy (LSBM) technique provides faster imaging, reduced light-induced damage, and simultaneous visualization of biomolecules.
A study published in Journal of Hepatology found that some patients with chronic hepatitis B can achieve sustained immune control by discontinuing antiviral therapy after four years. This suggests a potential cure for the disease, which affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide.
The research team developed a microrobot capable of forming neural networks and sectioning hippocampal tissues in an in vitro environment. They used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to fabricate the Mag-Neurobot, which can move to a desired location by reacting to external magnetic fields. The technology enables analysis of n...
Researchers at KAIST have developed a hybrid system that combines electrochemical CO2 conversion with microbial bioconversion to produce bioplastics. The system resulted in the world's highest productivity, producing up to 83% of cell dry weight as bioplastic from CO2.
Regenstrief Institute researchers are using EHR data to advance measurement of chronic disease burdens, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They will discuss leveraging EHR data to improve clinician care and support targeted interventions for patients with chronic illnesses.
The Center will develop accessible educational tools to reduce stress, improve social support, and promote family well-being. Led by Dr. Catherine Monk, the TtP Center will assemble services, accelerate research, and support interventions promoting optimal outcomes for parents-to-be and their developing children.
A WPI-led team used computational modeling to create a detailed picture of the SARS-COV-2 virus envelope, revealing its elliptical shape and changing structure. This discovery could lead to more effective therapies and vaccines, as well as a better understanding of the virus's properties.
A groundbreaking study finds that horses were raised, fed, and ridden by Indigenous Peoples on the American Plains over 700,000 years ago. Genetic analysis reveals a strong Iberian ancestry, contradicting the prevailing narrative of European introduction after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
Researchers developed AIDEDNet, a novel dehazing network that enhances image details while removing haze interference. The model is trained on haze-free images to learn the patterns of haze and enhance image quality.
Research highlights centuries-old manipulation of photos and videos, raising questions about the social problems behind deepfakes, including the objectification of women and dehumanization of marginalized groups. Dr. Joshua Habgood-Coote argues for media reform and institutional change to combat these issues.
Scientists have developed a new catalyst that enables the production of ammonia at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and potentially lowering global carbon emissions. The BaH2–BaO/Fe/CaH2 catalyst facilitates nitrogen gas adsorption, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity for ammonia production.
Researchers have developed a new type of nanoparticle that can efficiently deliver CRISPR/Cas9 components to the lungs, allowing for targeted gene editing. In mice studies, the particles delivered mRNA to up to 60% of lung epithelial cells, offering a promising approach to treating genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
The research team developed a technology that can restore normal peripheral myelin protein 22 distribution in CMT1A cells using electric stimulation, which eliminates protein aggregation and induces myelination. This technology has potential for the development of an electronic medicine with minimal side effects.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that increasing the proportion of non-alcoholic drinks on sale in online supermarkets can lead to a reduction in the amount of alcohol purchased. Participants who were exposed to more non-alcoholic drinks selected and purchased fewer units of alcohol compared to those with lower proportions.
Researchers discovered that theropod dinosaurs, including T. rex and Velociraptor, had scaly lips similar to those of lizards, contradicting popular depictions. The study found that dinosaur teeth were not unusually large and were comparable in size to modern lizard teeth when adjusted for skull size.
Researchers found that preserving the meniscus with sutures is more effective in protecting cartilage from future damage in younger patients. Meniscectomies, which remove more than half of the meniscus, were more likely to progress cartilage degeneration.
Two independent studies reveal neutrophils' crucial role in cancer immunotherapies, showing promise for new treatments. Neutrophils surge in tumors responding to immunotherapy, playing a key role in eliminating cancer cells that evade T-cell recognition.
Researchers found that neutrophils can be pro- or anti-tumour depending on their surface markers, and those fighting tumours share cytotoxic power with neutrophils in bacterial infections. Blocking these anti-tumour neutrophils eliminates treatment benefits.
For the first time, scientists have observed nanoparticles forming crystals with unprecedented clarity. The study used optimized liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy to capture the self-assembly process of thousands of nanoparticles. This breakthrough could lead to designing new materials for electronic applications.
Professor Jong-Sung Yu's team developed a low-temperature method to synthesize highly graphitized carbon supports, increasing the lifespan of hydrogen fuel-cells. The new method introduces high graphiticity at relatively low temperatures, enhancing fuel-cell performance.
A new mechanochemical recycling method recovers up to 70 percent of lithium from battery waste, making it inexpensive, energy-efficient, and environmentally compatible. The method uses aluminum as a reducing agent and can be applied to various cathode materials.
A team of researchers emphasizes the need for science-backed policies that consider children's developmental vulnerabilities in the digital world. They propose a multidisciplinary approach to develop regulations that address timely questions about digital platforms and their impact on children.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a novel solution for wearable assistive technologies by creating fiber-like pumps that can generate high pressure and flow rate. These pumps can be integrated directly into clothing, allowing for silent, vibration-free operation and requiring only a palm-sized power supply.
Researchers developed a way to study living cell dynamics using optically trapped nanodiamond particles as intracellular sensors. They demonstrated the ability to measure magnetic noise within single leukemia cells.
The article summarizes current status and future trends of forest understory vegetation biodiversity, regeneration, biomass, nutrient content, and interactions with overstory trees. It proposes focusing on understory-Canopy tree interactions and plant-soil mechanisms driven by climate or environmental factors.
A recent study found that nearly 64% of US youth experience eye problems and need glasses, but over half are deterred by appearance concerns. Researchers suggest making stylish, affordable glasses for young people to improve access to eyewear.
Researchers have developed a new host material that enhances the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by reducing concentration quenching and increasing thermally activated delayed fluorescence. This breakthrough could lead to improved displays, lighting, and medical treatments.
A new study reveals that patients with blood cancers experience significant improvement in their reported well-being after receiving CAR T-cell therapy. The therapy not only improves physical symptoms but also anxiety and depression symptoms.
A remarkably well-preserved sabertooth cat skull found in southwest Iowa offers clues about the iconic Ice Age species' ecology, diet, and habitat. The researchers believe it belonged to a male subadult weighing around 550 pounds when it died.
A new AI tool, CLEAN, can predict enzyme functions based on amino acid sequences, outperforming leading state-of-the-art tools in accuracy and reliability. The tool was developed using contrastive learning and verified experimentally with both computational and in vitro experiments.
A team of researchers has observed nanoparticles self-assembling and crystalizing into solid materials in real time, revealing the growth process at nanometer resolution. The findings have implications for designing new materials, including thin films for electronic applications.
Researchers propose conjugating a cell-penetrating peptide to oxaliplatin to overcome chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer. The new approach reduces platinum accumulation in tumour microenvironment and healthy tissues.
Rice University's assistant professor of computer science, Todd Treangen, has been awarded a $599,943 National Science Foundation CAREER Award to develop a comprehensive computational platform for detecting yet-unseen microbial pathogens. The project aims to characterize previously unseen pathogens that could pose a risk to humans.
Researchers have presented an overview of recent progress in moiré photonics and optoelectronics, highlighting the emergence of novel quantum phenomena and their potential applications. Moiré superlattices introduce a new paradigm for engineering band structures and exotic quantum states.
Researchers have discovered that Shigella bacteria can infect humans but not mice due to differences in the shape of a key protein, gasdermin-B. The protein has six different forms, and some isoforms cause cell death while others do not, explaining why Shigella is unable to infect mice.
A specialized mRNA translation circuit controlled by protein RBPMS determines the competence for heart formation in human embryonic development. The study provides a better understanding of human cardiac development and reveals potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.
Researchers develop unique method to enhance extreme ultraviolet laser power by exploiting dark-autoionizing states, increasing conversion efficiency by over ten times. This breakthrough enables studying ultrafast dynamics of dark autoionizing states at the femtosecond timescale, with potential applications in quantum technologies.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University recorded and analyzed plant sounds emitted under stress, identifying specific identifiable sounds. The study suggests that plants may communicate with other plants and animals through these sounds.
The American Thoracic Society has issued a statement recommending the elimination of race and ethnicity in the interpretation of pulmonary function test (PFT) results. The new approach uses an average reference equation, which shows superiority over race-specific equations for assessing overall prognosis and impact of tobacco smoke exp...
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have produced the first atomic-level structure of an enzyme that selectively breaks carbon-hydrogen bonds, suggesting ways to engineer it for producing desired products. The detailed structure reveals how the enzyme operates under ordinary conditions and produces few unwanted byproducts.
A study reveals racial and ethnic disparities in smoking initiation among young adults with different education levels. Black young adults tend to have lower smoking prevalence and older age of smoking initiation than white counterparts.
Scientists have discovered the origin of congenital coronary fistulae, a condition where abnormal connections form between blood vessels and heart chambers. This study may help improve early diagnosis and treatment of this condition, which affects up to 0.2% of patients undergoing medical examination.
A recent study found that genetic risk scores are more predictive of Alzheimer's disease in adults over 65 than age. The study used machine learning models to rank risk factors, including household income, which emerged as an important risk factor. The findings suggest considering genetic information when working on Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed an effective method to remove toxic hexavalent chromium from wastewater using photocatalytic technology. The new approach utilizes hourglass-type phosphomolybdate-based crystalline photocatalysts, which show a wide light absorption ability and band structure necessary to reduce heavy metal ions.
Scientists successfully observe and quantify a two-dimensional electron gas at the semiconductor interface, enabling control of its performance. This breakthrough leads to the development of high-performance high-frequency/power devices with improved interface analysis and control.
A new study by Intermountain Healthcare and Stanford University found that overprescribing antibiotics for upper respiratory infections causes significant patient harm. Researchers analyzed 51 million patient encounters and found that one in 300 patients experienced severe side effects, such as diarrhea or candidiasis, after receiving ...
The detection of GRB 221009A marks the most energetic gamma-ray burst ever observed, with a luminosity surpassing that of entire galaxies and hundreds of billions of stars. The event was followed up by space-based telescopes, including the James Webb Space Telescope, which provided insight into its properties.
Researchers found that a specific type of immune cell can detect and eliminate senescent cells in the skin by targeting human cytomegalovirus antigens. This discovery suggests a potential therapeutic approach to eliminate aging cells, which could have applications in cancer, fibrosis, and degenerative diseases.
Studies found that certain T cells in human blood can produce acetylcholine, regulating blood pressure and inflammation. Higher levels of these immune cells were associated with reduced risk of death in seriously ill patients.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that Earth's anisotropic inner core structure is driven by the dipole geomagnetic field. The researchers found that hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Fe-H alloy exhibited both seismic anisotropy and H-ion diffusion anisotropy under high pressure-temperature conditions.
A study explores how people remain productive and find meaning in later life, revealing key lessons from experts like John Cook, Judy Woodruff, and Chris Labenz. The research highlights the importance of following one's passion and not retreating to a conventional retirement lifestyle.
Scientists have found that glycine, an amino acid, can deliver a 'slow-down' signal to the brain, influencing major depression and anxiety in some people. The discovery improves understanding of the biological causes of major depression and could lead to new, faster-acting medications.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have found that ETEC pili are fine-tuned for their preferred microenvironment, allowing the bacteria to cause disease. By understanding how pili work, scientists may develop new therapeutics that target only disease-causing bacteria, leaving beneficial microbes intact.
A new study highlights the importance of mutual trust between citizens and authorities in crisis situations. Data from the COVID-19 pandemic confirms that trust in fellow citizens is unlikely to reduce compliance with restrictions.
A team of international researchers has uncovered a more complex history of early horses in North America, suggesting they may have spread faster and earlier than previously thought. The study, published in Science, used archaeozoology, DNA sequencing, and Indigenous oral traditions to find that Native American communities were likely ...
A genome-wide association study identified a new quantitative trait locus, STP1, encoding a Sugar Transporter Protein that alters soluble solid content. Knockout of STP1 led to decreased SSC in fruits, highlighting ZAT10-LIKE transcription factor's role in regulating sugar transporters.
A new study reveals that theropod dinosaurs had their large teeth completely covered by thin, scaly 'lips' when their mouths were closed. This finding challenges long-held depictions of these iconic predators and could have significant implications for our understanding of dinosaur dental anatomy and biomechanics.
Researchers from Juntendo University found that sialylated mucins secreted by conjunctival goblet cells encapsulate allergens, protecting the eye from allergic conjunctivitis. Mice with intact St6galnac1 gene showed reduced antigen response and better protection against allergies.
Researchers found that bats lose their hearing in old age due to exposure to high noise levels in their colonies. The study suggests that bats may have evolved adaptations to cope with these noisy environments, which could provide insights into human age-related hearing loss.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a novel visible light-driven single transition metal catalyst that combines high light harvesting abilities and broad applicability. The SFI-Rh(I) complexes overcome previous limitations, enabling versatile photocatalytic reactions with increased stability.
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology has been awarded a €2.5 million grant from the European Research Council to investigate how species can survive in a changing environment. The project aims to develop rules for preventing species extinction and studying adaptation to environmental changes.
Researchers have created a new tool, EN-TEx, to analyze genetic mutations and predict disease risk. The catalog of allele-specific variants provides rich data for accurate personal genomics, enabling scientists to study the effects of genetic mutations in tissues that are difficult to obtain without surgery.
The PROMISE II clinical trial showed that LimFlow therapy enabled 76% of patients to avoid amputation and experience wound healing. This minimally invasive procedure bypasses blocked arteries in the leg and rushes blood back into the foot through the veins, providing a unique alternative to major amputation.
High blood pressure in children is a significant health concern, potentially leading to cardiovascular problems in adulthood. The American Heart Association recommends monitoring blood pressure levels and implementing lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management.
Research found that STI and HIV testing rates dropped significantly in March 2020, while positive test rates rose. The decline was likely driven by public health recommendations limiting in-person visits during the pandemic.
Researchers at Oregon State University have created a new model for evaluating potential cervical cancer drugs. The study, led by Kaitlin Fogg, enables the simultaneous and rapid testing of multiple drug compounds, opening the door to large-scale screenings that can uncover new therapies and personalized medicine options.