Researchers at Tel Aviv University recorded and analyzed plant sounds emitted under stress, identifying specific identifiable sounds. The study suggests that plants may communicate with other plants and animals through these sounds.
The American Thoracic Society has issued a statement recommending the elimination of race and ethnicity in the interpretation of pulmonary function test (PFT) results. The new approach uses an average reference equation, which shows superiority over race-specific equations for assessing overall prognosis and impact of tobacco smoke exp...
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have produced the first atomic-level structure of an enzyme that selectively breaks carbon-hydrogen bonds, suggesting ways to engineer it for producing desired products. The detailed structure reveals how the enzyme operates under ordinary conditions and produces few unwanted byproducts.
A study reveals racial and ethnic disparities in smoking initiation among young adults with different education levels. Black young adults tend to have lower smoking prevalence and older age of smoking initiation than white counterparts.
Scientists have discovered the origin of congenital coronary fistulae, a condition where abnormal connections form between blood vessels and heart chambers. This study may help improve early diagnosis and treatment of this condition, which affects up to 0.2% of patients undergoing medical examination.
A recent study found that genetic risk scores are more predictive of Alzheimer's disease in adults over 65 than age. The study used machine learning models to rank risk factors, including household income, which emerged as an important risk factor. The findings suggest considering genetic information when working on Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed an effective method to remove toxic hexavalent chromium from wastewater using photocatalytic technology. The new approach utilizes hourglass-type phosphomolybdate-based crystalline photocatalysts, which show a wide light absorption ability and band structure necessary to reduce heavy metal ions.
Scientists successfully observe and quantify a two-dimensional electron gas at the semiconductor interface, enabling control of its performance. This breakthrough leads to the development of high-performance high-frequency/power devices with improved interface analysis and control.
A new study by Intermountain Healthcare and Stanford University found that overprescribing antibiotics for upper respiratory infections causes significant patient harm. Researchers analyzed 51 million patient encounters and found that one in 300 patients experienced severe side effects, such as diarrhea or candidiasis, after receiving ...
The detection of GRB 221009A marks the most energetic gamma-ray burst ever observed, with a luminosity surpassing that of entire galaxies and hundreds of billions of stars. The event was followed up by space-based telescopes, including the James Webb Space Telescope, which provided insight into its properties.
Researchers found that a specific type of immune cell can detect and eliminate senescent cells in the skin by targeting human cytomegalovirus antigens. This discovery suggests a potential therapeutic approach to eliminate aging cells, which could have applications in cancer, fibrosis, and degenerative diseases.
Studies found that certain T cells in human blood can produce acetylcholine, regulating blood pressure and inflammation. Higher levels of these immune cells were associated with reduced risk of death in seriously ill patients.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that Earth's anisotropic inner core structure is driven by the dipole geomagnetic field. The researchers found that hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Fe-H alloy exhibited both seismic anisotropy and H-ion diffusion anisotropy under high pressure-temperature conditions.
A study explores how people remain productive and find meaning in later life, revealing key lessons from experts like John Cook, Judy Woodruff, and Chris Labenz. The research highlights the importance of following one's passion and not retreating to a conventional retirement lifestyle.
Scientists have found that glycine, an amino acid, can deliver a 'slow-down' signal to the brain, influencing major depression and anxiety in some people. The discovery improves understanding of the biological causes of major depression and could lead to new, faster-acting medications.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have found that ETEC pili are fine-tuned for their preferred microenvironment, allowing the bacteria to cause disease. By understanding how pili work, scientists may develop new therapeutics that target only disease-causing bacteria, leaving beneficial microbes intact.
A new study highlights the importance of mutual trust between citizens and authorities in crisis situations. Data from the COVID-19 pandemic confirms that trust in fellow citizens is unlikely to reduce compliance with restrictions.
A team of international researchers has uncovered a more complex history of early horses in North America, suggesting they may have spread faster and earlier than previously thought. The study, published in Science, used archaeozoology, DNA sequencing, and Indigenous oral traditions to find that Native American communities were likely ...
A genome-wide association study identified a new quantitative trait locus, STP1, encoding a Sugar Transporter Protein that alters soluble solid content. Knockout of STP1 led to decreased SSC in fruits, highlighting ZAT10-LIKE transcription factor's role in regulating sugar transporters.
A new study reveals that theropod dinosaurs had their large teeth completely covered by thin, scaly 'lips' when their mouths were closed. This finding challenges long-held depictions of these iconic predators and could have significant implications for our understanding of dinosaur dental anatomy and biomechanics.
Researchers from Juntendo University found that sialylated mucins secreted by conjunctival goblet cells encapsulate allergens, protecting the eye from allergic conjunctivitis. Mice with intact St6galnac1 gene showed reduced antigen response and better protection against allergies.
Researchers found that bats lose their hearing in old age due to exposure to high noise levels in their colonies. The study suggests that bats may have evolved adaptations to cope with these noisy environments, which could provide insights into human age-related hearing loss.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a novel visible light-driven single transition metal catalyst that combines high light harvesting abilities and broad applicability. The SFI-Rh(I) complexes overcome previous limitations, enabling versatile photocatalytic reactions with increased stability.
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology has been awarded a €2.5 million grant from the European Research Council to investigate how species can survive in a changing environment. The project aims to develop rules for preventing species extinction and studying adaptation to environmental changes.
Researchers have created a new tool, EN-TEx, to analyze genetic mutations and predict disease risk. The catalog of allele-specific variants provides rich data for accurate personal genomics, enabling scientists to study the effects of genetic mutations in tissues that are difficult to obtain without surgery.
The PROMISE II clinical trial showed that LimFlow therapy enabled 76% of patients to avoid amputation and experience wound healing. This minimally invasive procedure bypasses blocked arteries in the leg and rushes blood back into the foot through the veins, providing a unique alternative to major amputation.
High blood pressure in children is a significant health concern, potentially leading to cardiovascular problems in adulthood. The American Heart Association recommends monitoring blood pressure levels and implementing lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management.
Research found that STI and HIV testing rates dropped significantly in March 2020, while positive test rates rose. The decline was likely driven by public health recommendations limiting in-person visits during the pandemic.
Researchers at Oregon State University have created a new model for evaluating potential cervical cancer drugs. The study, led by Kaitlin Fogg, enables the simultaneous and rapid testing of multiple drug compounds, opening the door to large-scale screenings that can uncover new therapies and personalized medicine options.
Researchers predict that layered electronic 2D semiconductors can host a quantum phase of matter called the supersolid. A solid becomes 'super' when its quantum properties match those of superconductors, simultaneously having two orders: solid and super. The study reports the complete phase diagram of this system at low temperatures.
Researchers investigated bamboo paper's moisture absorption behaviour under different ageing patterns, finding that ageing doesn't alter water adsorption but reduces effective adsorption sites. Storage humidity conditions around 50% RH are recommended to maintain the paper's stability.
The study found that downregulation of angulin-1/LSR leads to increased claudin-2 expression and altered cell metabolism in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, promoting malignancy. Researchers identified AG1478 and EW-7197 as potential therapeutic agents.
A large population study reveals that common cancer symptoms are pervasive across all types of cancer and sociodemographics, with higher symptom burdens among patients with lung, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic cancers. The study highlights the importance of prioritizing symptom management in patients who need or desire treatment.
Researchers at the CNIO have elucidated a key point about how cohesin attaches to DNA and forms loops. The study suggests that NIPBL is not necessary for cohesin to bind to DNA, but only for it to move and form DNA loops. This finding may be important in understanding Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
Researchers used a new method to analyze temperature records stored in bacteria, revealing surprisingly stable temperatures in the Tanana Valley over 14,000 years. This finding challenges previous assumptions about climate fluctuations and their impact on early human migrations.
Researchers at Zurich University of Applied Sciences identified six compounds contributing to fermented coffee's unique flavor, including 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, and ethyl 3-methylbutanoate. The study aims to standardize production methods and increase availability of this distinctive beverage.
Researchers mapped seasonal bird densities across the eastern United States using weather radar stations to identify stopover hotspots. The study found that high-density migrant areas were consistently associated with forest cover and decreased with pasture and cultivated crops.
Researchers used thermal video and image analysis to measure heart and respiration rates in exotic wildlife species in controlled settings. The study validated the accuracy of this technology for future use in wild populations, especially threatened species.
A new analysis shows that the US has substantially higher death rates at all but the oldest ages compared to five high-income European countries. The excess death gap widened during the Covid-19 pandemic, with the number of excess deaths nearly doubling between 2019 and 2021.
Researchers at Nagoya University discovered three new species of bioluminescent polycirrus worms emitting blue-violet light, with names inspired by yokai from Japanese folklore. The findings aim to deepen understanding of bioluminescence mechanisms and potentially lead to new life sciences technologies.
Researchers discover ZBTB12, a molecular barrier that prevents dedifferentiation in human pluripotent stem cells, and shed light on the core differentiation mechanism.
The study found ChatGPT's performance on the USMLE was comparable to a third-year medical student in terms of medical knowledge assessment. ChatGPT outperformed other models due to its dialogic component, providing coherent and justifiable responses. This may create an interactive learning environment for students.
Researchers have discovered a large reservoir of hot gas in the Spiderweb galaxy cluster, which is believed to be on its way to becoming a massive galaxy cluster. The detection was made using ALMA and provides valuable information about the early Universe's structure formation.
Researchers successfully connected human brain to computer for simple computational imaging tasks, using ghost imaging to reconstruct images of an object behind a wall. The use of real-time feedback from the visual cortex improved both imaging speed and image quality.
A new Cornell University study finds that non-white homeowners are more likely to invest in costly flood protection measures than white homeowners. Homeowners with mortgages and those who own their homes outright take the fewest high-cost actions, while renters tend to take none at all.
A study led by University of Houston researchers found that the Texas Gulf Coast is polluted with high concentrations of sulfate, a major component of particulate matter. The pollution originates from anthropogenic shipping emissions and chemical processing, making it particularly hazardous to human health.
A study found that regular exercise increases mitochondrial fusion, benefiting muscle cells and maintaining physical fitness even in old age. Daily sessions of exercise throughout life delay the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and decline in physical fitness.
The new dataset provides a 'ranking' of countries contributing most to global warming, with CO2 emissions driving the most warming. Countries like Brazil and Indonesia are rising in their contribution, while industrialised nations see slight declines.
A 50-year study on Great Sippewissett Marsh found that more than 90% of the world's salt marshes will be underwater by 2100 due to sea-level rise. Despite attempts to adapt, low-lying wetlands are unlikely to migrate landward, and human development may exacerbate the problem.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys have identified a group of proteins called AJSZ that help solve a known problem in cellular reprogramming. By blocking the activity of these proteins, they were able to reduce scarring on the heart and induce a 50% improvement in overall heart function in mice that have undergone a heart attack.
Scientists developed an injectable biomaterial with improved adhesion, stretchability, and toughness, making it ideal for surgical wound sealing. The material showed superior adhesive strength, stability, and biocompatibility in physiological conditions.
Researchers have found lab-made antibodies that can strengthen the body's fight against yellow fever, a disease with no current treatment. The monoclonal antibody infusions were able to remove all signs of infection from research animals, offering potential hope for a cure.
Researchers led by Nicolas Ajzenman found that immigrants don't increase crime rates, but people's perception of crime does. In Chile, migrants' presence sparked concerns among citizens, with those exposed to immigration inflows more likely to rank crime as a top concern.
A novel drug, AF-130, has been shown to improve heart function and prevent sleep apnoea in heart failure patients. This breakthrough could lead to improved life expectancy and wellness for nearly 200,000 people in New Zealand affected by heart disease.
A new platform has been established to improve the analysis of dynamic metabolic features in cells. The Raman-based flow cytometry tool allows for the profiling of cell populations without labeling or destroying them, providing a non-invasive big-data type for culture-independent phenomes.
A pilot study uses drones to accurately map how and why pedestrians use city streets in Santiago de Chile. The study finds that drones can reliably collect data on pedestrian behavior, providing valuable insights for urban planning and infrastructure development.
Researchers developed a programmable bacterial injection system that can deliver a range of proteins, including those for gene editing, to different cell types. The system has shown promising results in targeting cancer cells and delivering proteins to the brain in live mice without provoking an immune response.
A team of researchers from South Africa has discovered exceptional trace fossils that provide insight into the locomotion of ancient giant amphibians. The fossils, found on a rock surface once part of a tidal flat or lagoon, suggest these animals propelled themselves through water with continuous side-to-side tail motions.
The University of Texas at Austin is helping the Port of Corpus Christi determine if it can permanently store greenhouse gas emissions from industrial operations beneath the seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico. The project aims to store carbon dioxide emissions in geological formations deep beneath the seafloor, reducing atmospheric emissions.
Researchers have developed nanodiscs based on the cell membranes of human red blood cells, which can effectively neutralize bacterial toxins. These nanodiscs, called RBC-NDs, are biocompatible and non-toxic, making them potentially useful as nanovaccines.