Researchers have developed an AI technology that can analyze mammary tissue biopsies to identify signs of damaged cells, a key indicator of breast cancer risk. The study found the AI was far better at predicting risk than current clinical benchmarks, offering improved treatment options for women.
The study uncovers a 'mammalian-style' contact between the skull and lower jaw in a cynodont species, indicating that the defining mammalian jaw feature evolved multiple times in different lineages. This complex evolutionary history suggests that early mammals experimented with various jaw functions, leading to the evolution of 'mammal...
Researchers compared epigenetic changes across the genome in young adults who vaped, smoked or did not use nicotine products, finding a tumor-suppressor gene among the key findings. The study found substantial overlap in DNA methylation patterns between people who vaped versus those who smoked.
Researchers have tested a combination of treatments in mice with lung cancer and shown that these allow immunotherapies to target non-responsive tumours. The combination therapy allows 'immune cold' tumours to respond to the body's own defences.
A large study found that women with premature ovarian insufficiency are 2.6 times more likely to have an autoimmune disorder, with some conditions increasing the risk by 26 times. The study suggests a strong link between POI and severe autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for medical professionals to be aware of this increased risk.
Research reveals a substantial reduction in available sunlight due to cloud cover and urban structures, with cloud cover accounting for 55% of the decrease. The study emphasizes the pressing need for interdisciplinary urban planning strategies prioritizing access to natural sunlight.
The TIPS procedure improves renal function in patients with portal hypertension, particularly those with refractory ascites. However, the benefits of TIPS for Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) and Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) are limited due to insufficient data.
A new study from the University of South Australia highlights the importance of validating children's pain experiences to prevent chronic pain. Researchers found that by demonstrating acceptance, understanding, and legitimacy, parents and doctors can help children feel heard and believed, leading to better emotional regulation skills a...
A new study analyzing US data from 1993 to 2005 found that extreme heat disproportionately affects racial minorities, with a higher excess death rate for Non-Hispanic Blacks compared to whites. The study's findings highlight the need for adaptation measures to shield vulnerable populations from growing temperature dangers.
A recent review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in silicon carbide processing, highlighting key areas requiring further research. The study identifies critical aspects of grinding, lapping, and polishing techniques to overcome the challenges of processing high-quality SiC wafers.
A new study found that the Kirtland's Warbler's home range and core area are linked to vegetation age and food resource distribution in the Bahamas. Conservation efforts at a landscape scale are necessary to sustain patches with sufficient food resources for this near-threatened species.
Chung-Ang University researchers have identified a potential anti-aging drug called IU1 that enhances proteasomal activity and autophagy, leading to improved muscle strength and extended lifespan in fruit flies. The study suggests that preventing disruption of protein homeostasis mechanisms could be key to increasing longevity and impr...
A new study published in the Journal of Systematics and Evolution reveals that the ancestors of grape plants were already in Europe 41 million years ago. The discovery of a new fossil species, Nekemias mucronata, provides key insights into the evolutionary history of the grape family.
Researchers at Iowa State University have found unusual phase transformations in silicon when subjected to large and permanent deformations. This discovery reduces the required pressure to create new material phases, opening up new possibilities for industrial applications.
Researchers developed a nasal spray that captures and neutralizes airborne viruses and bacteria, providing up to 8 hours of protection. The Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS) demonstrated a greater than 99.99% reduction in lung viral titers in mice models.
A study conducted by the University of Gothenburg found that meal boxes with healthy recipes and subsidized meals led to a greater reduction in children's BMI compared to lifestyle treatment alone. The intervention also involved family meals, which were perceived as tolerable and reduced conflicts over food shopping.
A University of Virginia engineer developed a workflow to combine advanced imaging technologies for improved understanding of porous bone, which could inform disease detection. The method allows for three-dimensional rendering of bone structure across various length scales.
A study published in Royal Society Open Science uses virtual reality to educate people about harmful, non-exhaust vehicle emissions and how to navigate safely. The research reveals that exposure risk is highest at the end of braking events, particularly near bus stops and pedestrian crossings.
A Kennesaw State University researcher is developing secure AI models that not only protect personal information but also reduce energy use. Her goal is to create a federated learning system that overcomes specific vulnerabilities of current systems, improving data transmission security and confining AI training to individual devices.
A new nasal spray, PCANS, shows promise in reducing respiratory diseases by capturing and neutralizing airborne pathogens. The study's results demonstrate the spray's effectiveness against various viruses and bacteria, including influenza and COVID-19.
The American Heart Association joins a $10 million grant from the Global Cardiovascular Research Funders Forum for international scientific research on cardiovascular health in women. The International Research Challenge aims to address significant gaps in research, diagnosis, and care for women worldwide.
Researchers propose that branch faults serve as 'on-ramps' for rupture on more mature main faults, leading to large earthquakes. The hypothesis is based on observations of past 25 years of magnitude 7.8 or larger continental transform earthquakes, which all originated on a branch fault.
A new study predicts that one in two El Niño events could be extreme by 2050 if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. The research suggests that a feedback loop known as the Bjerknes feedback is strengthened due to rapid atmospheric warming, leading to more frequent extreme weather events.
Researchers analyzed audio and motion data from unstructured face-to-face conversations to investigate the multimodal dynamic between speech and movements. The study found synchronization at all timescales of conversation, suggesting that turn-taking dynamics play a crucial role in coordinating verbal and nonverbal cues.
A large cohort study found that early exposure to air pollutants like PM2.5 and nitrogen oxides can alter the development of white matter in the brain, with some effects persisting throughout adolescence.
This study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stroke-induced liver injury, focusing on heme oxygenase 1 and its role in ferroptosis in specific Kupffer cell subsets. Targeted therapy against HMOX-1 has the potential to mitigate inflammation and alleviate acute liver injury.
A novel in situ tumor vaccine with optimized nanoadjuvants and lymph node targeting capacity is developed to treat ovarian cancer and metastases. The vaccine effectively induces potent anti-tumor immunity and inhibits primary and metastatic tumors, combined with PD-1 blocking.
High-contrast patterns on humbug damselfish bodies serve dual purpose: camouflage when stationary and motion dazzle when moving. The fish adapt their behavior based on environment, using motion dazzle to confuse predators when feeding outside coral colonies.
Researchers found that dogs trained to detect explosives are less sensitive in extreme temperature and humidity conditions, leading to longer detection times. This study highlights the importance of considering environmental factors when training dogs for explosive detection tasks.
Research finds poor sleep quality directly relates to mortality risk, even before adjusting for lifestyle factors. Dementia is associated with increased mortality risk among individuals with better sleep quality, males, and older White adults.
Research highlights strong links between soil and water pollution and cardiovascular disease, with airborne dust contributing to 770,000 annual cardiovascular deaths. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling soil and water pollution through improved filtration, air quality management, and sustainable urban design.
Researchers from Hokkaido University have discovered a stable single-electron covalent bond between two carbon atoms, validating a century-old theory and paving the way for further exploration of this type of bonding. The discovery was made using X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy.
A new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution found that warmer temperatures and nitrogen fertilization can stabilize soil carbon levels, contradicting earlier predictions. Plant roots and growth add new carbon to the soil, counteracting the loss of carbon due to climate change.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a method to recharge cellular mitochondria using nanotechnology, potentially extending healthy lifespans and improving outcomes for patients with age-related diseases. The molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles stimulate mitochondrial regeneration, helping cells generate more energy.
Scientists extracted DNA from ancient cheese samples found in Tarim Basin mummies, revealing a new origin for kefir cheese and shedding light on the evolution of probiotic bacteria. The study suggests that kefir culture has been maintained in Northwestern China since the Bronze Age.
A Dartmouth-led study found that air pollution from fossil fuels reaches the remote Arctic, altering its fundamental atmospheric chemistry. The researchers detected declines in methanesulfonic acid, a biomarker linked to phytoplankton productivity, which plummeted in environments high in emissions.
Researchers created an artificial blood vessel model using 3D bioprinting to test new therapies for glioblastoma. This device enables the creation of personalized disease models, potentially improving patient survival rates.
A multidisciplinary study found a clear bias in favour of female burials at the Panoría necropolis, with a ratio of 10 females to every male individual. This bias is pronounced among juvenile individuals and suggests a matrilineal descent system where family relationships are established through the maternal line.
Researchers identified CYP1B1 as a biomarker for HSC activation and liver fibrosis in patients and mice. Inhibition of CYP1B1 led to the accumulation of trehalose, which has anti-fibrotic activity, protecting mice from liver fibrosis.
A new study shows participating in a citizens' panel can produce new policy ideas about school inclusion for young people with special educational needs/disabilities. The project also demonstrates how public dialogue processes can be modified to ensure young people at risk of marginalization fully participate.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory create a roadmap of how prostate cancer spreads throughout the body, showing that aggressive cells seed cancer's rare migrations to bones, liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. The new technology offers a clearer picture of cancer spread and could lead to more targeted therapeutics.
The study reveals how SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 exploits the ubiquitination pathway by mimicking Gly/N-degrons to bind CUL2 ZYG11B, leading to degradation of IFT46 and dysfunctional cilia. This mechanism offers a promising target for developing PROTAC-based drugs to combat COVID-19.
A systematic review by PPPL researchers found that most journal articles on machine learning for solving fluid-related PDEs are biased towards machine learning, with negative results underreported. The authors propose rules to make fair comparisons and argue that cultural changes are needed to address systemic problems.
A University of Illinois study found that climate conditions can mitigate the effects of grazing on water quality, suggesting a more flexible approach to stocking rates and grazing continuity. The research developed a modeling framework to simulate nitrogen transport from livestock grazing under different climate conditions.
Researchers developed innovative technologies to increase lactoferrin production using synthetic biological systems, overcoming limitations in separating and purifying LF from milk. The new methods have the potential to meet market demand for LF in food, pharma, and cosmetics industries.
Researchers propose that Mars' early thick atmosphere could have been locked up in the planet's clay surface due to slow chain reactions between rocks and gases. The clay is estimated to hold up to 80% of the initial, early atmosphere, potentially recovered and converted into propellant for future missions.
Researchers have identified a novel small-molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 using chemical genetics. The compound, designated 172, demonstrates broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple human pathogenic coronaviruses and different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
A new recycling process reduces environmental impact by eliminating energy-intensive methods, producing harmful waste streams. The innovative technique recovers critical metals with high purity (>95%) and yield (>85%), addressing critical metal shortages and negative environmental impacts.
Tree-ring data reveal that periodic shifts in strong winds high above the Earth's surface have driven opposite climates in different parts of Europe for the past 700 years. This research provides critical data to improve climate models, comparing past patterns to current trends and societal impacts.
Researchers found that system ownership leads to a 6% price increase overall, with larger increases in deliveries, cardiac care, and respiratory care. Despite this, there is no change in patient volume, suggesting that patient perceptions of hospital quality remain unaffected.
Researchers have established a unique resource of induced pluripotent stem cells from centenarians and their offspring to better understand human longevity and aging. The largest library of iPSCs allows for studies on healthy aging, disease resistance, and the development of novel therapeutics for aging-related diseases.
Phytoplankton biomass has increased in subsurface waters due to ocean warming, while surface phytoplankton's total biomass remains stable despite reduced chlorophyll levels. The findings highlight the limitations of satellite observations and underscore the urgent need for improved global monitoring of deep-living phytoplankton.
The University of Pittsburgh has been awarded a 10-year, $100 million contract from the U.S. Department of Defense to continue its Linking Investigations in Trauma and Emergency Services (LITES) Network. The network will fund new research on trauma care and expand ongoing studies.
A study published in Food Innovation and Advances found that M3G supplementation improved colonic mucosal barrier function, reducing inflammation and increasing physical barrier strength. The compound inhibited the over-activation of the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting its potential therapeutic application for intestinal health.
Researchers from Xiamen University created a novel two-step enzymatic approach to synthesize diverse Ephedra-type alkaloids with improved yields and introduced new N-group modifications. They successfully tested various enzymes and imine reductases to optimize conversion rates and generate novel synthetic Ephedra-type alkaloids.
A new study found that a high body roundness index over 6 years was associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in adults older than 45. The study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, suggested that BRI may be a valuable predictor of cardiovascular disease risk.
A new transferrin receptor-targeted immunostimulant is fabricated for photodynamic immunotherapy against metastatic tumors by interrupting the β-catenin signal pathway. The recognition of PTI and TfR promotes drug delivery into tumor cells, inducing an immunogenic cell death with the release of tumor-associated antigens.
A recent study published in PNAS Nexus found that widespread adoption of large language models like ChatGPT led to a significant decline in user activity on Stack Overflow. The study highlights the impact of ChatGPT on public knowledge sharing and its implications for AI's future.
Researchers found inorganic nanostructures surrounding deep-ocean hydrothermal vents that mimic molecules essential for life. These structures can harness energy and convert it into electricity, sparking interest in applying this technology to industrial blue-energy harvesting.
Researchers at ISTA have decoded the structure of HTLV-1 using Cryo-Electron Tomography, revealing a distinct viral lattice that differs from other retroviruses. This discovery could pave the way for novel treatment approaches to combat HTLV-1 infections, which affect 5-10 million people worldwide.