A recent study reconstructed ancient Lactobacillus genomes from Bronze Age kefir cheese, providing new insights into the evolution of dairy fermentation practices and human-fermentative microbial interactions. The findings suggest that ancient peoples learned kefir production techniques from Eurasian steppe populations.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect melanoma using tumour-specific antibodies, which can accurately identify stage I and II melanoma patients. The study found that these antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting melanoma, with an AUC value of up to 0.981.
A new AI tool identified drug candidates for over 17,000 diseases, including conditions without treatments, and predicted potential side effects. The model was trained on a broader dataset than current models, enabling it to make more accurate predictions and offering a faster and more cost-effective way to develop therapies.
Researchers at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new process for creating manganese-based cathodes that can store and deliver energy efficiently. This breakthrough could lead to more sustainable and cost-effective lithium-ion batteries.
Scientists identify PICALM as a key player in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling in adipocytes. Reduced expression of PICALM improves insulin sensitivity and glucose transport, holding promise for new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Researchers found that higher buprenorphine doses (>16 to 24 mg) were associated with lower rates of future behavioral health-related emergency department and inpatient care. Higher doses (more than 24 mg) resulted in an additional 50% reduction in subsequent emergency or inpatient visits.
Researchers used drone footage to study gray whales' foraging behaviors, finding that younger whales use forward swimming while older whales headstand. The study also revealed that bubble blasts help regulate buoyancy while feeding in shallow water.
A study published in Neurology found an association between LGBTQ+ status and increased risk of adverse brain health outcomes. Researchers analyzed data from over 393,000 people and found that LGBTQ+ individuals had a higher risk of dementia and late-life depression compared to cisgender and straight individuals.
Researchers discovered that mutations affect protein stability following surprisingly simple rules, making it possible to predict protein behavior without complex models. This breakthrough has significant implications for accelerating new treatments and designing more stable proteins with industrial applications.
Research led by Silvia Cappello reveals that extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the development of the brain, facilitating communication between different cell types. The study found that these vesicles can transport specific molecular signals to the nucleus of recipient cells, inducing rapid transcriptional changes and infl...
A study analyzing health data from 780 infants found that early signs of asthma can be predicted by observing dynamic symptom development during the first year. Genetic predisposition, air pollution, and infections were key risk factors contributing to the child's respiratory system adaptation.
Researchers developed a noninvasive method to monitor postprandial cardiovascular health using spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). The technique effectively tracks diet-induced changes in cardiovascular physiology, revealing significant differences in tissue responses after consuming high-fat and low-fat meals.
Researchers have developed a risk assessment tool using deep learning to decipher rare genetic variants. The method, called DeepRVAT, predicts gene impairment and potential impact on health, improving disease diagnosis and personalized medicine.
A new study led by the Alfred Wegener Institute has analyzed 2.2 tons of sand from 71 beaches along the German coast, revealing that 52 beaches were contaminated with plastic. The researchers found an average of four plastic particles per square meter, but noted that microplastic pollution varies greatly from place to place.
A single-dose gene therapy has been shown to significantly reduce bleeding episodes in adults with hemophilia B, with an average reduction of 71% compared to standard treatment. The therapy, which enables the liver to produce clotting factor IX, has been FDA-approved for use in patients with this genetic disorder.
Tobacco plant molecular farming offers advantages over traditional approaches, including lower costs and high-yield production. A comprehensive study addresses the challenge of subcellular localization for recombinant protein production, focusing on ER, vacuole, chloroplast, and apoplast targeting strategies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University mapped variation in human stem cells, revealing unique developmental patterns and gene expression traits that modify conserved steps. The findings may aid personalized regenerative therapies and advance understanding of cellular variation in humans.
A recent study found that microwave drying enhances the release of eleutheroside E, a compound detected for the first time in lily bulbs. This method preserves key bioactive compounds and minimizes browning, making it an effective way to preserve the nutritional value of lily bulbs.
A study found increased menstrual irregularities in women living in areas affected by the 2023 earthquake in Turkey. Risk factors included post-traumatic stress symptoms, chronic diseases, and smoking.
Researchers found that obstructive sleep apnea increases the susceptibility of mice to develop abdominal aortic aneurysms, likely caused by intermittent hypoxia triggering enzyme activity that degrades the extracellular matrix. This degradation weakens the aorta, making it more prone to rupture.
An investigation by The BMJ raises concerns about the safety and effectiveness of donanemab, a new Alzheimer's drug approved by the US FDA. Financial ties among expert advisors have sparked doubts about the drug's reliability.
A study by Rutgers Health researchers found that unintentional opioid exposure in children primarily occurs at home, with over 91% of cases involving a child's home. The study highlights the need for proper medication storage and disposal, especially involving grandparents' medications and pet medications.
A researcher at UTA is developing a tracer tool to help water suppliers ensure safe and reliable drinking water during extreme weather events. The tool will enable better management of drinking water in Tarrant County, addressing concerns about water flow and distribution.
A new study demonstrates the potential of semaglutide in treating hidradenitis suppurative (HS) in people with obesity. The results show marked improvements in patient outcomes across several key measures, including reduced flare frequency, improved quality of life, and better glycaemic control.
Purdue researchers have developed an AI model that can predict maize yield using remote sensing data and environmental factors. The model, which combines hyperspectral cameras, LiDAR instruments, and genetic markers, can categorize healthy and stressed crops before farmers or scouts can spot a difference.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in hot carrier solar cells by studying electron tunneling and collection, increasing generation and extraction. The study revealed that a new system comprising AlGaAs and GaAs materials can harness valley photovoltaics and realize solar cells beyond the current single bandgap limits.
A new study found that well-managed electric rights-of-way can increase the diversity and abundance of pollinating insects, as well as flowering plants. By mimicking natural disturbances like wildfires, utility crews can create successional habitats that support rare plant communities.
Researchers found that good nutrition enhances honey bee resilience against pesticide exposure and viral infections. Bees exposed to viruses experienced higher mortality on artificial pollen diets but fewer deaths when fed natural pollen and exposed to pesticides.
The study highlights the challenges faced by military/veteran caregivers, including high rates of depression, financial strain, and emotional burden. Many caregivers, particularly those caring for children or individuals under 60, experience unmet needs and feel isolated in their caregiving network.
A new study found that nursing shortages result in longer hospital stays and worse patient outcomes, including higher mortality rates. Understaffing by registered nurses and nurse assistants is associated with increased risks of adverse events, such as readmissions, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers.
Researchers found that fruit bats generate a more diverse antibody response than mice but have a weaker overall response. However, bats fed a fruit-only diet had a stronger antibody response compared to those on a protein-supplemented diet.
A new analysis reveals that increased inundation and water storage in wetlands drove the record surge in atmospheric methane emissions from 2020 to 2022. Wetland microbes produce methane as they metabolize organic matter anaerobically, leading to a significant increase in release to the atmosphere.
A review highlights gaps in data collection and testing mechanisms for H5N1 influenza transmission between cows and humans, posing risks of silent spread through farm worker barracks or developing countries. The authors emphasize the need for new control strategies, including vaccination, to mitigate the potential for a human pandemic
Researchers have discovered copper-based nanocapsules that can trigger cuproptosis in tumor cells, overcoming acquired radiation resistance and improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy. The nanocapsules also activate an abscopal effect, inducing immunogenic cell death and stimulating antitumor immunity.
A Mount Sinai study links prediabetes among young people with a higher likelihood of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The findings highlight the need for clear clinical guidance on screening and counseling youth with elevated blood glucose levels.
Researchers have discovered that iron-rich extinct volcanoes are up to 100 times more efficient at concentrating rare earth metals than active volcanoes. This finding suggests that these ancient volcanoes could be studied for their potential to contain rare earth elements, which are crucial for renewable energy technologies.
Researchers aim to reduce PFAS contamination risk in agriculture by developing monitoring tools and strategies for remediation. The study focuses on comprehensively understanding PFAS uptake and bioaccumulation in plants, advancing strategies for PFAS remediation in biosolid/soil.
A randomized clinical trial found that a voice-activated cognitive behavioral therapy program improved insomnia symptoms in breast cancer survivors. The intervention, delivered in an in-home setting, demonstrated efficacy in reducing sleep disturbances and enhancing overall quality of life.
Researchers developed a novel electrocatalytic strategy for solid-state lithium-ion batteries, overcoming the limitation of liquid-solid interfaces. The new approach enhances reaction dynamics and creates highly active sites, leading to impressive ultrafast-charging performance.
A new study reveals that AI chatbots like ChatGPT can offer accurate advice on low back pain, including recommended treatments and exercise. However, the systems had limitations, particularly with complex responses and risk factors.
A new study found that consonant lengthening is a universal trait in many languages, helping listeners identify word boundaries. The researchers analyzed data from the DoReCo corpus and found evidence of lengthening in 43 out of 51 languages.
The #HOPE4LIVER trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of histotripsy as a treatment for primary and metastatic liver tumors, achieving a 95% technical success rate. The procedure's non-invasive nature and ability to spare critical vessels and bile ducts offer promising alternatives to traditional treatments.
Researchers have observed a uniquely inflated and asymmetric exoplanet called WASP-107b using the James Webb Space Telescope. The exoplanet has an east-west asymmetry in its atmosphere, which may help scientists understand its climate and atmospheric dynamics.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a new catalyst that efficiently converts a derivative of glycerol into bio-based propylene, contributing to sustainable chemical production. The catalyst enables the selective reduction of allyl alcohol to propylene with high efficiency using renewable energy sources.
Researchers from Qingdao University synthesized VO2@VS2 hollow nanospheres via one-step hydrothermal synthesis, creating a highly efficient cathode material for zinc-ion batteries. The heterostructure enhances battery performance with a reversible capacity of 468 mAh g−1 and 85% retention after 1000 cycles.
A new species of flatworm, Amaga pseudobama, has been discovered in the southern United States and is already present in several states. The species resembles Obama nungara, a European invasive species, making it difficult to distinguish from citizen science data.
Researchers found that emotion enhances ability to retrieve contextual details, contrary to prevailing view that emotion impairs memory. The study's findings have practical implications for controlling and capitalizing on emotions to remember better.
Thailand's ancient tiered umbrella symbols are crafted using high-powered lasers, preserving intricate beauty in a matter of days. Researchers provide technical details for anyone with necessary equipment to make their own, aiming to conserve arts and culture.
Scientists have developed a strategy for optimizing light intensity to minimize electricity costs while maintaining plant growth. The study found that varying light intensity can cut electricity costs by 12% without compromising plants' carbon fixation.
Researchers have identified eight novel genetic mutations in patients with CSF1R-Related Disorder worldwide, highlighting the prevalence of the disease and paving the way for future individualized treatment. The discovery also suggests that genetic and environmental factors may influence the disease.
The study found a recent reversal of fortunes in the Adriatic Sea, with populations of marine predators and their prey plummeting and being replaced by a single species. The researchers used seafloor environments to determine interactions between species, showing a decline in biodiversity and excess nutrients.
A consensus statement emphasizes the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of cardiovascular disease in women, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The statement recommends the establishment of women's heart champions and hubs to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that nitrogen applications had a limited impact on soybean yields, with no consistent benefit from single applications. However, a single application at planting showed increased yields in certain conditions, particularly in soils with low organic matter.
Research conducted at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health found a link between prediabetes among young people and adverse pregnancy outcomes later in life. The study, which included over 14,000 individuals aged 10-24 years, found that preconception prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, hyperten...
Researchers uncovered evidence of state monitoring of migrant gossip in multiple languages, with churches aiming to have 'eyes everywhere'. The average person would hear multiple languages daily, and records kept by churches reveal the voices of regular people.
The global prevalence of myopia is projected to exceed 740 million cases by 2050, with females, East Asians, and those in urban areas showing higher rates. The condition's impact on children and teens is expected to be significant, with low and middle-income countries predicted to have a higher prevalence than high-income countries.
A PSU English professor is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to study one of the world's fastest and largest supercomputers, Aurora. The research aims to answer questions about how supercomputers work, their applications in science and industry, and their impact on the US's position in scientific advancement.
A new study reveals how psilocybin alters brain connectivity to alleviate symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, potentially aiding treatment. Psilocybin strengthens neural connections between executive functions and emotionally salient stimuli, leading to improved BDD symptoms.
A new quantum sensing approach using diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers captures real-time electrochemical evolution in battery electrodes. The study reveals non-uniform phase transformations and superparamagnetic behavior in Fe particles, providing new insights into material behavior and failure mechanisms.
A study published in Neuron found that psychedelics, such as DOI, activate fast-spiking interneurons in the ventral hippocampus, which helps to silence other neighboring neurons and reduce anxiety in mice and rats. This understanding of brain chemistry could lead to the development of new drugs targeting anxiety.