A comprehensive review of genetic and population studies challenges conventional wisdom about the relationship between genetic risk and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Premorbid cognitive impairment is largely explained by non-familial factors rather than inherited genetic variants.
Researchers discovered a bacterial parasite that infects the nuclei of deep-sea mussels, reproducing to over 80,000 cells while keeping its host alive. The parasite produces proteins that suppress apoptosis, an 'arms race' with the host cell, and acquires nutrients from host components.
Five boulders in northern New York and Vermont provide limits on earthquake shaking intensity. The age of the rock formations indicates how long it's been since a region experienced that level of shaking.
A team led by Weiying Lin created a molecular probe that selectively detects serotonin, a key player in depression. The study suggests that the ability of neurons to release serotonin is more critical than serotonin levels themselves.
Histopathology laboratories implement Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) programs to minimize errors and ensure accurate test reports. The pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of the testing cycle are critical in minimizing errors and ensuring seamless diagnostic processes.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that US droughts in the Southwest and rainy extremes in the Northeast are becoming more frequent and severe. The study predicts bigger swings between wetter and drier periods in the mid-United States, straining water management efforts.
Researchers have developed a method using physics-informed neural networks to model the complex light scattering in exoplanet atmospheres. This breakthrough enables more accurate analysis of exoplanet atmospheres, particularly with regard to cloud influence and chemical composition.
Conservation efforts focused on 25 EDGE Zones could protect one-third of threatened and unique tetrapod species. The study identifies areas with high levels of evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment as key to saving these species.
A new study has found a natural probiotic in the microbiomes of UK newborns, which could be used to develop personalized infant therapeutic probiotics. The researchers analyzed stool samples from 1,288 healthy infants and found that one of the pioneer bacteria was genetically adapted to utilize breast milk nutrients and block pathogens.
Scientists at the University of Utah's Department of Chemistry developed a new contrast agent that allows for the simultaneous observation of cell structure and function in electron microscopy. The discovery could improve imaging tools used to study signaling in functioning cells and other molecular-scale processes.
A team of researchers from NTT Corporation and Tokyo Institute of Technology has successfully achieved photonic topological phase transition by material phase transition. This breakthrough demonstrates the possibility to change the photonic topological phase in a reconfigurable manner, paving the way for novel research fields and promi...
Researchers at the UAB Institut de Neurociències found that daily cannabidiol administration extends lifespan and improves symptoms in animal models of Leigh syndrome. CBD also improves cellular function, neuropathology, and breathing abnormalities, with a promising treatment option for this severe disease.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in cancer diagnosis rates in the US, according to a new study. Despite improved trends in 2021, the rates remain lower than expected, exacerbating the existing deficit of diagnosed cases from 2020.
Research found a positive association between outdoor nighttime light pollution and Alzheimer's disease prevalence, particularly in those under 65. Higher light intensity was associated with greater AD prevalence in this age group, suggesting they may be more vulnerable to the effects of light exposure.
UNLV astrophysicists found evidence suggesting the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, Sgr A*, is likely the result of a past cosmic merger. The study utilized data from the Event Horizon Telescope's 2022 observation of Sgr A* to investigate various growth models and demonstrated that the misaligned spin prop...
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals a new female-determining pathway in turtles, initiated by the transcription factor pSTAT3. Temperature-dependent sex determination in red-eared slider turtles is shown to result from antagonism between male and female signals.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology, in collaboration with MIT and PSI, developed a new method to visualize the inner workings of redox flow batteries using neutron imaging. The technique provides extraordinary moving images that help understand the battery's performance and durability.
A study found that only six states successfully delivered medications for opioid use disorder to at least 50% of people referred to treatment by the criminal legal system. This disparity leads to a high risk of overdose death among individuals leaving jails and prisons, highlighting the need for better access to effective treatments.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a method to chemically alter siRNAs, reducing off-target effects and improving the safety of siRNA drugs for genetic therapy. By modifying the seed region of siRNAs with formamide, they achieved suppression of off-target effects with higher efficiency than existing chemical modifications.
Researchers at Umeå University have identified unique inflammatory protein profiles in the blood of individuals with severe periodontitis, which is associated with lower levels of EGF and OLR-1 proteins. The study provides a promising lead for developing biomarkers and treatments for the disease.
Researchers have observed the circumgalactic medium of a star-bursting galaxy 270 million light years away, revealing its vastness and influence on gas formation. The study provides new insights into galaxy evolution, how galaxies acquire gas, and where it goes.
Generative AI is revolutionizing oncological imaging by expanding datasets and improving image quality. This technology enables predictive oncology and personalized cancer screening, offering new hope in the fight against cancer.
Researchers detected over 120 organic micropollutants in the River Oder, amplifying the effect of algal toxins on fish biomass. The mixture of pollutants caused significant stress and potential harm to aquatic organisms.
A team of researchers from the Korea Institute of Materials Science has developed a technology that can detect cancer mutant genes in blood with an unprecedented level of sensitivity. The technology boasts a diagnostic accuracy of 96% for lung cancer patients and has the potential to revolutionize early cancer diagnosis and treatment. ...
Physicists at the University of Bonn and Kaiserslautern-Landau created a one-dimensional gas out of light, allowing for the first time to test theoretical predictions about its transition into an exotic state of matter. The method used in the experiment could be used to examine quantum effects.
According to the nTIDE September 2024 Jobs Report, employment and labor force participation trends for people with disabilities have leveled off after several years of growth. This decline in employment is similar to the trend observed between 2016 and 2018. The employment-to-population ratio for people with disabilities decreased from...
A new study found that cognitive behavioral therapy can alter brain circuitry in adults with depression and obesity, leading to improved problem-solving skills and reduced symptoms. After just two months of therapy, patients showed adaptive changes in their brain circuits, which predicted long-term therapy success.
Debaditya Biswas combines different particle identification methods with machine learning to detect muons hidden in a sea of pions. He plans to simulate reactions and assess the viability of various techniques, including traditional PID, PSD, and machine learning, to optimize muon detection for future experiments.
A new framework from a global team of scientists aims to overcome translational hurdles in nanomedicine development. The DELIVER guidelines provide early-stage recommendations for maximizing clinical translation and enabling the successful development of new nanomedicine treatments.
Scientists have discovered that some pterosaurs flew by flapping their wings while others soared like vultures. The new findings were made possible by the discovery of remarkably well-preserved fossils in Jordan, including a species with a five-meter wingspan and unique internal structures.
Researchers discovered 'context-only' TFs that boost enhancer activity and contribute to regulatory factor clusters, which regulate genes effectively. This finding provides a new understanding of cooperative environments that TFs create to regulate genes in health and disease.
A new study suggests that thermogenesis, the ability of plants to generate heat, has been present in seed plants for longer than previously thought. This process helps volatilize and disperse floral fragrances and other chemical compounds that attract insects.
Researchers have developed a new multi-functional device that enables simultaneous optical, microwave, and strain control of multiple solid-state color centers. The device is promising for advancing the scalability of solid-state color centers in larger quantum computers and networks.
A new University of Kentucky study reveals that cancer diagnosis rates in the US dropped in 2021, exacerbating the pandemic-induced backlog of undiagnosed cases. The findings highlight the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on cancer care in the country.
A study on mountain chickadees reveals that enhanced spatial learning and memory abilities are linked to longer lifespan. Birds with better cognitive skills can successfully retrieve cached food, allowing them to survive harsh environments and climate change.
A new study reveals a significant correlation between entorhinal cortex thickness and financial exploitation vulnerability, a potential early indicator of Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests that assessing financial awareness could help identify cognitive changes in older adults.
Researchers found that bacteria can anticipate the arrival of new seasons by using their internal 24-hour clocks. Samples exposed to short days showed significantly higher survival rates when plunged into ice, indicating that photoperiodism is critical in preparing bacteria for longer-term environmental changes.
Researchers at Swansea University have created a new framework to understand how complex bacterial communities form associations with multicellular hosts. The study aims to provide a holistic picture of microbiome assembly and its importance in the persistence of both host and microbiome.
Researchers developed a monoclonal antibody called SC27 that targets multiple parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, including conserved sections. The antibody shows promise against various COVID-19 variants and related coronaviruses, potentially benefiting immunocompromised patients
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a biosensor that improves sensitivity to 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA) in urine by orders of magnitude, allowing for earlier detection of diseases such as cancer and liver disease. The biosensor has high throughput capabilities, making it suitable for screening potential NNMT inhibitors.
Researchers have achieved data rates of up to 424Gbit/s using plasmonic modulators for free-space optical communication. This technology could provide high-speed, high-capacity data transmission for space missions with lower latency and less interference.
Researchers at MIT have directly observed edge states in a cloud of ultracold atoms, capturing images of atoms flowing along a boundary without resistance. This discovery could enable super-efficient energy transmission and data transfer in materials.
Scientists discovered a new parasitic relationship where sea anemones infect jellyfish through comb jellies, breaking evolutionary norms. This finding highlights the adaptability of parasites in rapidly changing marine ecosystems under climate change.
Researchers discovered nanoscale silver can autonomously repair itself from structural damages like nanopores and nanocracks at room temperature and below. This ability is attributed to Ag atoms' surface-mediated self-diffusion driven by chemical potential imbalance.
Scientists at ORNL identified a new method to process nanocellulose, reducing energy needs by 21% and lowering production costs. The breakthrough enables the development of sustainable, carbon-neutral materials for 3D printing and construction.
Researchers have found a potential compound that pairs well with an IRAK4 inhibitor to kill AML cells by reducing c-Myc levels, a protein also driving cancer growth. The three-year LLS grant will allow further research into the effects of IRAK4 targeting on c-Myc.
Researchers have created a mathematical proof that exactly five satellites are required to uniquely determine the position of a receiver in almost all cases. This breakthrough resolves a long-standing conjecture and provides insights into the accuracy of GPS navigation, particularly with fewer than four satellites in view.
Researchers have found elevated 'oxidative potential' in sediments from the Great Salt Lake's playa, indicating a greater risk to human health. The sediments contain high levels of toxic metals, including lead, manganese, and arsenic, which can cause respiratory issues like asthma.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that age-related changes in male fibroblasts contribute to more aggressive and treatment-resistant melanomas. The study discovered that male fibroblasts accumulate reactive oxygen species and produce higher levels of BMP2, leading to increased DNA damage and resistance to targeted therapies.
A new quantum error correction approach called 'many-hypercube codes' has been proposed to overcome scalability issues in conventional methods. This innovative approach allows for high-performance fault-tolerant quantum computing by enabling logical gates to be run in parallel, similar to classical computers.
The study found that 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (2,6-DCQ) is 9-22 times more effective than chloroxylenol in inactivating various pathogens. Its concentration and developmental toxicity decrease rapidly in seawater.
Researchers developed artificial lymphoid organ-chips to recreate human immune system's response to booster vaccines. The technology could potentially be used to evaluate the likely effectiveness of new protein and mRNA-based booster vaccines for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that inadequate organisational support after medication errors increases turnover intentions and absenteeism among healthcare professionals. The study highlights the need for cultivating a more supportive work environment to mitigate negative work-related outcomes.
Researchers have unveiled a new class of quantum critical metal that sheds light on intricate electron interactions. The discovery could lead to the development of electronic devices with extreme sensitivity, driven by unique properties of quantum-critical systems.
A new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that low-impact yoga programs can significantly reduce episodes of urinary incontinence in older women, with benefits comparable to those of medications. The study also showed that stretching and strengthening exercises had similar effects.
A UCL-led research team has crystallized the first alternative DNA structure from the insulin gene, revealing its shape and structure. The discovery suggests that different variants in the insulin gene can form different DNA structures, which could affect insulin function and potentially play a role in diabetes development.
A deep-learning algorithm developed by astronomer David Harvey can untangle the complex signals of self-interacting dark matter and AGN feedback in galaxy cluster images. The Inception model achieved an accuracy of 80% under ideal conditions, showcasing its potential for analyzing vast amounts of space data.
A new method, scAMF, reduces noise in single-cell RNA sequencing data while preserving crucial biological information. This enables more accurate cell type characterization and clustering. The framework also lays the foundation for constructing high-resolution cell atlases.
The study compares nerve fiber orientation captured with specialized MRI and OCT approaches, laying groundwork for combining these imaging techniques. The findings show strong potential for PS-OCT to validate dMRI data, providing valuable insights about the microstructural organization of nerve fibers.
The Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts is a leading open access journal fostering transformative research on bioresource conversion into biomaterials, biochemicals, and bioenergy. The journal's eight thematic areas focus on cutting-edge topics in sustainable energy and materials science.