Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have identified a small molecule that could potentially treat Angelman syndrome by 'turning on' the dormant paternally-inherited UBE3A gene copy. The compound, (S)-PHA533533, has shown excellent uptake in developing brains and bioavailability, making it a promising lead for gene therapy.
CARM1 plays a significant role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression by interacting with HIF1A. The study demonstrates that CARM1 promotes proliferation, invasion, EMT, and stemness in TNBC cells, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for cancer progression.
A study published in JMIR Medical Informatics found that machine learning can accurately classify patients into differing levels of opioid use disorder (OUD) risk, demonstrating substantial agreement with clinicians' reviews. The research suggests that this technology can enhance personalized and safer care for patients early in opioid...
Experts at the University of Bristol have identified potential hazards in AI research for engineering biology, including inconsistencies in measurements and privacy concerns. The study proposes additional data hazard labels to describe these risks, aiming to ensure the safe development of novel biological compounds.
The DEKR-SPrior model significantly reduces the mean absolute error in pod phenotyping compared to existing models, offering a valuable tool for enhancing crop yield predictions. It demonstrates superior accuracy in accurately detecting and counting soybean pods and seeds.
A new generative model, SCREEN, using masked variational autoencoder and optimal transport mapping outperforms baseline methods in predicting single-cell gene expression responses. SCREEN's robustness to data noise and cell type imbalance makes it applicable to various scenarios.
A new deep learning method, Point-Line Net, improves maize field phenotypic detection with high accuracy and efficiency. The model achieves an object detection accuracy of 81.5%, outperforming traditional methods in complex field environments.
Researchers identified nidogen-2 as a key driver of pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Blocking this molecule enhanced chemotherapy effectiveness and reduced spread in mouse models, suggesting a promising new treatment approach.
Researchers developed a rapid Joule-heating synthesis method to improve the efficiency and selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction. The method ensures uniform dispersion of metal nanoparticles on carbon supports, enhancing electron conductivity and catalytic performance.
A new study has found that gestational carriers experience a severe maternal morbidity rate of 7.1%, significantly higher than unassisted conceptions (2.4%) and IVF conceptions (4.6%). Gestational carriers are also at risk for postpartum haemorrhages and hypertensive disorders, which can be serious complications during pregnancy.
A study reveals that mixed forests store more soil organic carbon than pure forests due to higher wood debris storage. However, the quality of SOC in deep soil is better than surface soil. The findings highlight the importance of mixed forest and plant debris in maintaining forest carbon sequestration.
A study using hyperspectral data and DCGANs improves the estimation of rice grain protein content, achieving high validation accuracy and identifying genetic loci related to GPC. This approach demonstrates the potential for combining hyperspectral technology and DCGANs for efficient genetic analysis and selection of high-quality rice v...
A Phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated the effectiveness of OXO-001 in increasing embryo implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates among infertile women. The study showed significant improvements in biochemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, with a notable increase in live birth rates.
A new study has found that exposure to fine particulate matter prior to oocyte retrieval during IVF can reduce the odds of achieving a live birth by almost 40%. The research analysed 3,659 frozen embryo transfers and found that even in areas with excellent air quality, higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with decreased live birth rates.
A long-term ecological research network can help scale up ecological restoration in Europe by providing standardized and open-access data on natural ecosystems. The network's knowledge and expertise cover most European habitats and degradation states, enabling the development of a harmonized monitoring framework for EU-wide evaluation.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that tampons from several brands can contain toxic metals like lead, arsenic, and cadmium. The research evaluated levels of 16 metals in 30 tampons from 14 different brands, revealing that metals were present in all types of tampons, regardless of organic or non-org...
Researchers developed a phage-displayed heptapeptide sequence that significantly improves the specific targeting ability of antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus. The designed peptide showed higher specific antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compared to Temporin-SHf.
A new study suggests that implementing effective water quality management measures could halve future water scarcity in the Pearl River Basin. The research highlights the importance of addressing water pollution and other environmental factors to mitigate water scarcity and support sustainable development.
A new culture system was established to cultivate Cryptosporidium parvum from mouse and bovine cholangiocyte organoids. The system allows the complete development of C. parvum in vitro, producing infectious oocysts.
Researchers have developed a novel pyroelectric photoconductive diode (PPD) for highly sensitive and fast high-energy photon detection. The PPD exhibits high responsivities to deep ultraviolet (DUV) and X-ray, with enhanced detection performance compared to traditional photodiodes.
The study uses low-cost depth imaging sensors to detect plant disease with 97% accuracy, outperforming human annotation. The method is robust across various environments and plant densities, making it a cost-efficient solution for plant pathology diagnostics.
A new study reveals that military women and female family members face significantly higher risks of chronic pain, with those serving during periods of heightened combat deployments facing a 53% higher likelihood of developing the condition. The study also found associations between chronic pain, mental health, and socioeconomic status.
A cross-sectional study found that LGBTQ+ individuals' health insurance coverage and access to care improve with Medicare eligibility, especially among sexual minorities and states with high disparities. However, the association is not consistently greater than for heterosexual and cisgender individuals.
This study reveals TBC1D1 as a key regulator of reactive oxygen species production and inflammatory states in macrophages, promoting obesity and metabolic diseases. The research found that TBC1D1 governs ROS production via governing Rab8a to control inflammation.
A study published in Nature Mental Health found associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and potential mental health conditions in childhood and adolescence. Researchers identified potential biological mechanisms, including reductions in neuroinflammation, that could explain this association.
A new study published in Nature Communications found that smoking is a key lifestyle factor contributing to cognitive decline among older adults. Non-smokers who engaged in healthy behaviors such as regular exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, and social activity experienced significantly slower cognitive decline compared to smokers.
Researchers re-analyzed historical data from a classic displacement experiment and found that young starlings migrated independently, using their own direction. Adult starlings adjusted their migratory orientation to reach their normal wintering areas, while local conspecifics influenced the route of relocated young starlings.
Researchers found GLP-1 receptor agonists lower risks of certain obesity-associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting potential benefits for cancer prevention in high-risk populations. The study provides preliminary evidence supporting further preclinical and clinical studies to prevent specific obesity-linked cancers.
A new framework for diagnosing and managing obesity in adults proposes modernizing obesity diagnosis to take account of all the latest developments in the field. The authors recognize that BMI alone is insufficient as a diagnostic criterion and that body fat distribution has a substantial effect on health.
TaSRT2 promotes deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K79ac, increasing susceptibility to CWMV. The protein interacts with P153, reducing TaSRT2 synthesis and activity.
Researchers developed a technique to separate well-mixed mixtures, creating an economically viable process for synthesizing and purifying ionic liquids like [bmim][BF4]. High-purity [bmim][BF4] was produced with a purity exceeding 99%, and the recovered layer containing methylimidazole could be recycled.
Researchers found that Wif1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and activates mitophagy. Wif1-overexpressing OB-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) improved osteoporosis symptoms in ovariectomized mice.
Researchers identified patterns of upregulated genes in aortic endothelium that contribute to aneurysm formation. They also found stiffer endothelium in sites prone to aneurysms, which can lead to vessel wall alterations and increased risk of rupture.
A new partnership has developed a functional safety sensing platform based on 3D ultrasound, providing an additional layer of safety and reliability for autonomous vehicles. The technology complements existing systems and enables vehicles to detect their surroundings in real-time, even in extreme conditions.
A nearly complete 3-meter-long skeleton of a giant basal tetrapod, named Gaiasia jennyae, was found in Namibia's arid heartland. The discovery provides crucial insights into the early evolution of land-dwelling animals and shows that southern continents are important for future research.
Researchers recreated the structure of supernova remnant SN 1181 using a new computer model, explaining its double shock formation. The study also found that high-speed stellar winds may have started blowing from its surface within the past 20-30 years.
Researchers are developing solutions to reduce nitrogen fertilizer-related emissions and accelerate drought-resistant tea varieties. The trials will inform a new tea typology, enabling accurate carbon footprint calculation across the industry.
A research team used the "motion picture" method to measure the precession rate of the Milky Way's disk warp, revealing a slightly oblate dark matter halo with a flattening ratio between 0.84 and 0.96. The study found that the current dark matter halo exhibits a retrograde precession direction at a rate of 2 km/s/kpc.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new way to make microbes hardy enough to withstand industrial processing, high temperatures, radiation, and long-term storage. The method involves mixing bacteria with food and drug additives, resulting in stable formulations that can be used in various applications.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new method to reduce fluorine in lithium metal batteries, increasing their stability and efficiency. The new design requires only 0.1% by weight of fluorine, reducing the environmental footprint of these high-energy batteries.
The US food system is dominated by industrial agriculture, which perpetuates global challenges like food insecurity and biodiversity loss. Agroecology offers a solution, prioritizing ecological and social sustainability without sacrificing one for the other.
A new study led by Okayama University investigates the influence of precipitation radiative effects (REP) on climate models. It found that REP affects global and regional hydrological cycles, altering atmospheric circulation and surface temperatures, particularly in polar regions.
Researchers propose a new TNMB staging system incorporating blood minimal residual disease status to enhance accuracy in lung cancer prognosis. Liquid biopsy technology shows promise in early detection, treatment evaluation, and recurrence monitoring of NSCLC.
A study published in Frontiers in Fungal Biology reveals that microcolonial fungi and lichens on petroglyphs in the Negev desert can cause gradual erosion and damage. The researchers identified multiple species of these fungi and lichens, which are known to thrive in hot and cold deserts.
Scientists have mapped over 5,000 genetic variants in the 'tumour protection' gene BAP1 that significantly increase cancer risk. These variants can be used to develop new treatments, including IGF-1 inhibitors, to slow down or prevent cancer progression.
A team developed a new detection method using organic phosphorescent probes and phosphorescence spectroscopy to study organic molecules in water ice. The study found that adding trace amounts of small or large molecular organics can significantly inhibit the crystalline order of water ice.
Researchers found that disease transmission between farms persists despite movement restrictions, with cattle movement activities being the strongest predictor of farm infections. The study calls for a multifaceted approach to managing Salmonella Dublin, including closer monitoring and targeted interventions.
Scientists develop stable and efficient hybrid light-emitting diodes combining perovskite and organic technologies. The new LEDs boast a narrow emission spectrum, high luminance, and an operational half-lifetime exceeding 42,000 hours.
LNP-mRNA therapy faces challenges like targeting, quality control, and safety concerns. Researchers are optimizing dosage, addressing CMC requirements, and enhancing targeting efficiency to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Researchers discovered that male mosquitoes listen for specific sound frequencies made by females of their own species to avoid mating with the wrong species. This finding has implications for developing innovative mosquito control strategies using artificial flight sounds. The study aims to prevent mosquito populations from reaching u...
New research reveals offshore windfarm electromagnetic fields have minimal impact on shark growth and survival, but ongoing studies aim to improve understanding of effects on marine species. The study focused on small-spotted catshark development under control and windfarm-impacted conditions using AC or DC currents.
Researchers at EPFL's Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures have fabricated a device that efficiently converts heat into electrical voltage at temperatures lower than outer space. The innovative device exploits the Nernst effect, a complex thermoelectric phenomenon, to achieve unprecedented performance.
The study reveals that highly expressed circZFR enhances CRC cell proliferation and migration via exosomes, stimulating tumor growth and metastasis. CircZFR also sponges miR-3127-5p to boost RTKN2 expression, supporting its potential as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have developed a humanized mouse model with a fully functional human immune system, enabling the study of immunotherapy development, disease modeling, and vaccine development. The new model, called TruHuX, mounts specific antibody responses and can develop full-fledged systemic lupus autoimmunity.
University of Queensland researchers have unlocked molecular secrets of ageing in cells, identifying 'master controller' genes that regulate development and ageing processes. The study found these genes progressively activate adult genes while dialling down early-life genes involved in development.
A research team from USTC has demonstrated the realization of time reversal through input-output indefiniteness in a photonic system, achieving a high success probability of 99.6%. This breakthrough shows significant advantages over traditional methods and opens up new possibilities for quantum information and photonic technologies.
Researchers uncovered details about nuclear structures using relativistic isobar collisions, highlighting differences in multiplicity distribution and elliptic flow. The study employed advanced models and technology to analyze the effects of nuclear deformations and initial fluctuations on ratio observables.
A recent study found that for every same increase of BMI, fat mass and type 2 diabetes risk are increased in taller people. The authors hypothesize that the cardiometabolic risk of a higher BMI may be underestimated in taller grown populations worldwide.
A new organic molecule thienyl diketone achieves high-efficiency phosphorescence more than ten times faster than traditional materials. This breakthrough provides design guidelines for developing metal-free organic phosphorescent materials, promising significant advancements in various applications.
Physicists at Michigan State University have developed a new approach that combines high-resolution microscopy with ultrafast lasers to detect misfit atoms in semiconductors. The technique enables researchers to spot defects with unparalleled precision, which is critical for the performance of modern electronics.