Research found that maternal obesity leads to increased levels of microRNA miR-505-5p in the hypothalamus, resulting in altered fatty acid sensing and increased intake of high-fat foods in mouse offspring. Exercise during pregnancy mitigates this effect.
Astronomers from the University of Sydney and CSIRO have detected a slow-spinning neutron star with a period of nearly an hour, breaking all known rules. This discovery provides new insights into the complex life cycles of stellar objects and may prompt a reconsideration of our understanding of neutron stars or white dwarfs.
Researchers have developed a new tool, Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), to monitor Earth's surface changes. GNSS-R provides high-precision, real-time data under all weather conditions, offering insights into surface properties like soil moisture and sea surface height.
A nationwide Australian survey highlights the importance of centering lived experience in future mental health research. The study, which gathered insights from people with mental health conditions and their families and carers, emphasizes the significance of connections and experiences over individual conditions.
Scientists have found that declining snowfall is boosting chances of water shortages in the summer, as seasonal flows are changing. This change in seasonal patterns affects ecosystem health, food security, and hydropower generation.
This population-based study found that higher PSA screening prevalence was associated with lower odds of advanced disease and prostate cancer-specific mortality among men with prostate cancer. Associations varied by age, race and ethnicity, and U.S. Census region.
Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have better medical outcomes when surgeons perform early minimally invasive removal of a hematoma compared to standard care. The study found improved survival rates and functional outcomes at 180 days for patients who received early surgical intervention.
A research team has developed a new framework for the circular economy, which aims to reduce negative impacts on environmental and human health. The SpheriCity project provides a tool for cities to conduct circularity assessments and collaborate with each other.
A holistic approach to mental health management involves integrating medication with lifestyle changes, social support, and community engagement. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of physical and mental factors affecting mental health, emphasizing individual rights and dignity.
A new study led by Cornell University expert Wenfei Xu found significant racial bias in traffic stops by Chicago police, with Black drivers being stopped at a higher rate than white drivers. The study used GPS data and analyzed over 650,000 traffic stops to confirm the bias.
Researchers calculated global potential for low-carbon floating solar arrays on nearly 68,000 lakes and reservoirs worldwide. The study found that five nations could meet their entire electricity needs from FPV, including Papua New Guinea, Ethiopia, and Rwanda.
A new study by Ben-Gurion University researchers found that people tend to underutilize their visual working memory, retaining only one item in most cases. This discovery sheds light on how VWM is used in real-life situations and may affect performance in tasks.
A new open-source platform called CheckMate allows users to interact with and evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. Researchers found that while LLMs can be helpful, they also make mistakes and provide incorrect information.
The SNMMI Annual Meeting will showcase new radiopharmaceuticals, instrumentation, and techniques for managing various diseases. Over 6,500 attendees from around the globe will participate in more than 100 scientific and CE sessions.
Researchers developed an inclusive inventory approach to track global conservation areas, using local data and expertise. The approach revealed a wider diversity and area coverage of conservation areas than existing tracking systems showed.
A new study found that India's Drug Price Control Order in 2013 led to a shift in pharmaceutical firms' marketing efforts, disproportionately affecting prescriptions issued by less formally educated physicians. Sales volumes of regulated drugs declined, while those for unregulated but related drugs increased.
A study led by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Jennifer Hurley discovered that positively charged amino acid blocks in the disordered clock protein FRQ allow it to interact with FRH in an unexpected way, leading to a persistent circadian oscillator. This finding has implications for understanding circadian rhythms and their potentia...
Researchers at UC Davis Health discovered that mesalamine can replace good bacteria's work in fighting Candida albicans in the gut. The study found that mesalamine maintains a low oxygen environment that prevents fungal growth, reducing the risk of invasive candidiasis.
Researchers discovered that PMP22 duplication disrupts lipid metabolism and plasma membrane organization in developing Schwann cells, leading to myelin degradation and nerve damage. Targeting dysregulated lipid pathways may reverse some detrimental effects of CMT1A.
A new study from UCL reveals that Large Language Models exhibit irrational behavior, failing to reason logically and making simple mistakes. Despite their sophisticated capabilities, these AIs consistently fabricate information and respond inconsistently.
Researchers discuss Ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment, noting 20-25% of patients experience dose-limiting cardiovascular toxicities. A recent study identifies genetic biomarkers, such as KCNQ1 and GATA4, associated with cardiotoxic events, which may improve risk stratification.
A new study found that internet addiction in adolescents can lead to changes in the brain's neural networks, resulting in addictive behaviors and tendencies. The study, published in PLOS Mental Health, reviewed 12 articles involving 237 young people aged 10-19 with a formal diagnosis of internet addiction.
Beekeepers who used a combination of Varroa mite treatments had higher winter colony survival rates than those using single treatments. Integrated pest management strategies also improved colony survival in harsh weather conditions.
A nonrandomized controlled trial found that psychiatric service dogs partnered with usual care significantly reduced PTSD symptom severity and improved psychosocial functioning in veterans. This study suggests that psychiatric service dogs may be an effective complementary intervention for military service-related PTSD.
Researchers at Tohoku University found that tin addition strengthens beta-type titanium alloys by suppressing the formation of a brittle omega phase. This discovery enhances the material's suitability for biomedical implants, which provide vital support for people with degenerative bone conditions or aging populations.
Research from Cambridge University Press found that perceived unfair treatment by teachers is strongly associated with populist attitudes among teenagers. Girls were less likely to hold such attitudes than boys, while those with migration backgrounds and higher family affluence showed stronger populist tendencies.
The NRG-RTOG 0848 clinical study found that adding chemoradiation to adjuvant systemic therapy improves overall survival for node-negative pancreatic cancer patients, but not for those with node-positive disease. Disease-free survival was also improved in both groups.
Researchers evaluate the social narratives, technology, and co-impacts of coral reef preservation, seagrass restoration, and seaweed cultivation in the fight against climate change. These blue carbon solutions have the potential to reduce emissions and advance conservation policy.
Two mid-stage studies assess lenacapavir's safety and acceptability in cisgender women and people who inject drugs, adding to a global manufacturer-led clinical development program. The trials aim to provide insights on how these priority populations experience long-acting HIV PrEP.
A team of palaeontologists has unearthed a gigantic flying reptile from the Jurassic period with an estimated wingspan of more than three metres. The fossil is one of the largest pterosaurs ever found from that era and sheds light on the potential for larger Jurassic pterosaurs.
A European research team conducted experiments in weightlessness to isolate the classic diffusion phenomenon, closing the gap with experimental validation. The study used a sounding rocket to create a state of almost complete weightlessness, allowing researchers to run their experiments automatically.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have developed a novel approach to directly observe electron transfer in solids using X-ray crystal structure analysis. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in energy storage, nanotechnology, and materials science research.
A new study develops a two-level satellite timing system using an LSTM algorithm to enhance the precision and stability of next-generation navigation satellites. The approach significantly improves long-term clock error predictions, reducing ten-day prediction errors by 3.16 × 10−10 seconds.
A recent study found that the SMCHD1 protein plays a crucial role in regulating alternative splicing, which affects the progression of FSHD. Mutations in SMCHD1 lead to splicing errors, disrupting genes like DNMT3B and causing harmful overexpression of DUX4.
New research from UCL and ISEH found that women's reaction times are faster and errors are fewer during menstruation. This challenges the assumption that women are less capable during this time, which could have implications for injury prevention and sports performance.
Researchers have developed a new class of fluorinated block copolymers as solid electrolytes for solid-state ZnI2 batteries, promoting stable fluoride-rich SEI layer and preventing zinc dendrite growth. The battery demonstrates excellent cycle performance, maintaining stability for approximately 5000 hours at room temperature.
A new autism screening tool, Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC), has been successfully adapted for a Spanish-speaking population in Ecuador. The study found that ADEC can be used to identify children with high likelihood of developing autism, providing a cost-effective way to improve early diagnosis and support.
A new method for detecting defects in additively manufactured components uses deep machine learning, generating synthetic defects for training and testing on physical parts. The algorithm accurately identifies hundreds of defects, even those unseen by the model before.
Innovative devices and techniques have been developed to treat high-risk patients with comorbidities, coronary lesion characteristics, and hemodynamic status. The use of adjunctive mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices is supported for severely reduced left ventricular function or acute decompensated heart failure with complex c...
Researchers at Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) have developed a novel acoustothermal transfection device to enhance the permeability of cell and nuclear membranes. The study found that the method achieved efficient cargo delivery into hard-to-transfect cells with high efficiency.
Research reveals that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) drives inflammatory bone loss diseases like periodontitis and arthritis. Rapamycin shows promise as a potential treatment for CHIP-driven inflammation.
A study from IIASA researchers highlights the potential of demand-side measures to reduce energy and resource consumption without restricting fossil fuel use. These strategies include improving resource efficiency, promoting shared mobility, reusing materials, and thermal refurbishment of buildings.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes developed two new tools for single-molecule analysis, slashing the amount of DNA needed by 90 to 95 percent. The SMRT-Tag tool allows researchers to study DNA at single-molecule resolution using as few as 10,000 cells, enabling the analysis of tumor biopsies and other clinically relevant samples.
The NUS team has developed aerogels that can provide cooling to buildings through radiative cooling, reducing energy consumption in tropical climates. The researchers also created aerogels that absorb electromagnetic waves, shielding humans and sensitive equipment from adverse effects.
Researchers found benzene in 97% of North American natural gas samples, posing a health risk to households with small leaks. The study suggests improved transparency and stricter regulations can improve indoor air quality and public health.
Researchers have developed a mathematical theory of knitted materials, enabling the creation of programmable textiles with adjustable elasticity. The study, led by Georgia Tech physicists, explores the relationships between yarn manipulation, stitch patterns, and fabric behavior to expand knitting's applications beyond clothing.
Researchers have discovered that metabolism plays a crucial role in the balance between T and B cells, leading to autoimmune diseases. The study suggests that targeting the interaction between immune cells and metabolism could lead to more effective treatments for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Current medical training neglects to educate future doctors on how to encourage healthier eating habits and focuses on weight loss and BMI. Researchers advocate for small changes in medical education to address anti-obesity bias and promote cardiometabolic health, a stronger predictor of overall well-being.
A recent study published by The Ginger Network reveals that incorporating more beans into the US typical dietary pattern can lead to a higher intake of essential nutrients and improved diet quality. Younger and older adults alike benefit from this nutritional boost.
Scientists have discovered a new plant species, Thismia malayana, in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia. The plant acts as a parasite, stealing carbon resources from fungi on its roots to thrive in low-light conditions.
Researchers discovered that a mutation in the TREX1 gene causes catastrophic DNA damage, leading to premature aging and organ damage. The study found that targeting TREX1 could have broad implications for treating many human diseases linked to aging.
The review highlights critical advancements in thermal management technologies to address unique challenges in the spacecraft environment. These technologies improve efficiency, lifespan, and cost-effectiveness of spacecraft electronics.
Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital developed a highly accurate prediction rule to identify children at risk of cervical spine injuries, allowing for reduced use of CT scans and decreased radiation exposure. The rule is easy to use and relies solely on symptoms and physical examination, with the potential to improve clinical ...
The researchers investigated photoinduced molecular dynamics involving SCO of the [Fe(Iqsal)2]2+ cations and dimerization of the [Ni(dmit)2]- anions, revealing a transient intermediate state. Quantum chemistry calculations showed that halogen bonds guide sequential dynamics.
Research by Niigata University found that people tend to underestimate the probability of minority inclusion, often using heuristics and stereotypes. However, when provided with mathematical probabilities, attitudes towards minorities shifted towards more inclusive views.
Researchers developed a portable device to measure lava viscosity, providing crucial data for evacuation plans and damage assessment. The tool's accuracy allows for better models of lava movement, enabling authorities to respond more effectively.
A new study from the University of York found that feelings of loneliness and social isolation during the pandemic led to temporal disorientation, causing confusion about events and days of the week. Young people under 25 were particularly affected by these feelings.
A new study predicts that climate change will boost the spread of Xylella fastidiosa, a deadly disease-causing bacterium, to wine-producing regions with low risk. The risk of establishment is expected to increase by up to 47% in countries such as France and Italy.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found that stress weakens the association between cognitive reserve and improved cognition in memory clinic patients. Cognitive reserve is built through experiences like higher education and social interactions, but high or persistent stress levels can impair these benefits.
This article reviews natural products used in cancer therapy, highlighting promising compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action. The review discusses the role of natural products in tumor therapy, from basic research to clinical perspectives.