Brazilian researchers found that hevin, a glycoprotein produced by astrocytes, increases connections between neurons and improves cognitive function in aged rodents. The study provides insight into the role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and offers potential new treatment strategies.
The Mass Query Language (MassQL) tool empowers scientists to uncover previously unknown pollutants in massive chemical datasets. It has identified toxic compounds hidden in plain sight, including organophosphate esters and chemicals from breaking down over time.
Researchers at the University of Surrey unveiled a new type of electronic component called multimodal transistor (MMT) that simplifies display circuits while improving performance and sustainability. The MMT enables compact high-performance circuits suitable for devices like smartphones, tablets and wearables, reducing power requiremen...
Scientists have re-dated the world's oldest complete wooden hunting weapons using amino acid geochronology, establishing a new age of approximately 300,000 years. The findings highlight significant leaps in early human hunting capabilities and cooperative behavior around 200,000 years ago.
A new University of Georgia study found that Black Americans with high blood pressure and diabetes in midlife had significantly higher levels of a dementia-related biomarker over an 11-year period. Early intervention for these chronic health conditions could protect brain health and reduce neurodegenerative diseases later in life.
Researchers developed an AI system called Image2Reg that can identify genetic perturbations in cell images, potentially leading to new drugs. The system uses machine learning and molecular networks to analyze patterns in chromatin structure, revealing links between genes and their functions.
Lauren Hunt, PhD, RN, FNP, is a leading researcher on geriatric palliative care needs and experiences of older adults with dementia. Her award-winning work focuses on understanding the complexities of hospice and palliative care in vulnerable populations.
A multicenter retrospective study compared perioperative renal function in heart transplantation and LVAD implantation patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction, finding improved outcomes for those receiving the new device. The results suggest that LVAD implantation is a better choice for these patients.
A new study reveals that plants prioritize water over gravity during drought conditions, suppressing gravitropism to become more hydrotropic. MIZ1 protein helps attenuate root gravitropism, enabling plants to search for water effectively.
The Human Exposome is a global scientific effort to understand the environmental factors that underpin disease and health. The Exposome Moonshot Forum aims to chart this exposome, providing usable metrics and data points for targeted public health interventions.
Researchers at the Danforth Center are developing perennial crops with deep roots to conserve nutrients and water, increasing yield and reducing input costs. The project aims to optimize breeding strategies and explore symbiotic relationships between corn and mycorrhizal fungi to improve soil health.
A new study reveals that sporadic E layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of the 2024 Mother's Day super geomagnetic storm. The phenomenon, which appears as thin and dense patches of ionized metals, was detected mainly over Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific, and the East Pacific.
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of rosiglitazone in preventing pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice. Rosiglitazone delays seizure progression, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and increases IL-10, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy management.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that Let-7 is a critical gene involved in lung repair and prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. The researchers found that when Let-7 is absent, injured lungs develop scarring and inflammation, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining healthy lung function.
A study of Nobel laureates found that frequent moves and working in multiple locations can significantly reduce the time before starting Nobel-prize winning work. The researchers estimated that moving every two years can decrease the time by two years, while being in multiple locations reduces it by 2.6 years.
A new mouse study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying sex differences in psychiatric conditions. Histamine signaling affects dopamine levels differently in males and females, with histamine decreasing dopamine in males and increasing it in females.
A 72-week clinical trial found tirzepatide to be more effective than semaglutide in reducing body weight and waist circumference. The study demonstrated that tirzepatide's dual mechanism of action, mimicking both GLP-1 and GIP hormones, is key to its superior performance.
Wild chimpanzees develop different attachment types to their mothers, with some showing secure and confident attachment, while others exhibit insecure-avoidant behavior. This study provides insights into the roots of human social behavior by bridging psychology, animal behavior, and anthropology.
The new simulator successfully reproduced the main characteristics of tornado-like vortices, including velocity and surface pressure fields. The results showed that fan speed had little effect on vortex structures, while swirl ratio significantly influenced them.
A team of scientists has discovered a prehistoric tegu fossil in the US, revealing that these charismatic lizards were once native to North America. The fossil, dated to the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, is believed to have been present in present-day Georgia during a warm period, before global temperatures cooled and they disappeared.
Researchers introduce Onset Intensity for Temperature Dependence (OITD) to identify rate-limiting steps in photocatalytic reactions. The study reveals distinct rate-limiting behaviors for different materials, highlighting the importance of surface accessibility in optimizing photocatalytic material design.
A new study documents widespread lead poisoning due to artisanal lead mining and gold ore processing in Zamfara Nigeria. The findings highlight the need for safer mining practices to reduce lead exposures and protect public health.
A new review reveals obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects memory and brain function, with OSA patients experiencing notable impairments in visual and verbal working memory. Disease severity and duration are strongly linked to poorer memory performance.
Researchers are devising strategies to target MYC directly by interfering with the MYC-MAX protein complex. Promising compounds have demonstrated early clinical potential by disrupting this interaction and halting tumor proliferation.
A decrease in first-generation students was found among U.S. medical student matriculants, with high risks of attrition due to intersectional factors. This study emphasizes the need for targeted recruitment and retention efforts to better reflect physician workforce diversity.
A recent study found that calprotectin levels can predict future atherosclerotic heart disease risk in healthy individuals, even after accounting for common risk factors. Higher calprotectin levels were associated with increased coronary artery calcium scores and higher risk of heart disease.
Scientists develop ultra-durable, self-healing magnets that can thrive in extreme conditions like corrosion, humidity, and temperature fluctuations. The innovative 'slippery liquid-infused porous surface' (SLIPS) coating demonstrates unprecedented durability for Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Researchers at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences have developed a powerful new method for selectively and reversibly breaking connections between brain cells, targeting specific synapses without harming neurons. The technique, inspired by the brain's own system for recycling proteins, allows for the elimination of eith...
Researchers analyzed 788 obsidian artifacts from the Templo Mayor, finding diverse sources of obsidian used for both ritual and everyday objects. The study suggests a complex economy that relied on conquest and active trade with rival polities.
A recent study suggests that lowering the legal tackle height in women's rugby has been effective in reducing head contacts between players. The study found a 64% reduction in tacklers making initial contact with the ball carrier's head and neck, as well as significant reductions in head-to-head and head-to-shoulder contacts.
Researchers have developed a novel location problem to balance travel efficiency and spatial equity in facility location planning. The Cost-Efficient and Equitable Facility Location Problem (CEEFLP) effectively balances facility cost, travel cost, and spatial equality in site-selection of facilities.
Astrophysicist Jeremy Darling is pursuing a new method to measure the universe's gravitational wave background by analyzing the motion of quasars. His research could unravel the physics of gravity and help scientists understand galaxy evolution and fundamental assumptions about gravity.
A study by researchers at Incheon National University found that pedestrian and roadside facilities have a substantial direct effect on crash outcomes, particularly for run-off crashes. The team suggests prioritizing these modifiable operational features in road safety strategies to improve safety.
A real-world study of 1,752 patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer found that adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy improved overall survival for those with advanced disease and residual cancer. Benefits were mostly seen in high-risk patients, not the general population.
A recent study found that Texas's 2021 abortion restrictions were associated with rises in psychological distress amongst females of childbearing years. The study suggests that younger females are disproportionately affected by these barriers to accessing abortion care.
RANBP2 is a SUMO E3 ligase involved in post-translational modification and tumorigenesis, linked to various solid malignancies. Targeting RANBP2 may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention, but further research is needed to validate its clinical potential.
Viruses that infect and kill toxic algal blooms can cause the release of high levels of toxin microcystin-LR into water, posing a significant risk to human health and ecosystems. The finding highlights the need for better understanding of these interactions to inform forecasting and mitigation strategies for harmful algal blooms.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology used ChatGPT to analyze seizure semiology descriptions and accurately localize epileptogenic zones. The results show that ChatGPT outperformed epileptologists in identifying common seizure locations but provided more accurate responses for rare regions.
Women are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, with nearly 45% living with some form of cardiovascular disease. Regular screening for kidney health is crucial due to its connection with high blood pressure and diabetes. Pregnancy complications and menopause can also impact heart and metabolic health.
A new study from researchers at the Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity offers fresh insights into why many microorganisms fail to grow in the lab. The study suggests that the survival of microbes depends on a hidden web of relationships between species, which can collapse with small structural changes.
The researchers calculated that the universe will decay via Hawking-like radiation in approximately 10^78 years. This time frame applies to white dwarf stars and neutron stellar black holes, both of which take the same amount of time to evaporate. The findings contradict previous estimates and shed new light on the theory of relativity.
A new head-to-head study has shown that tirzepatide results in around 50% more weight loss than semaglutide in adults with obesity. The study found that tirzepatide led to an average weight loss of 20.2%, significantly higher than the 13.7% achieved with semaglutide.
Nageotte nodules, previously largely ignored in research, are abundant in sensory ganglia of individuals with diabetic neuropathy and composed mainly of satellite glia and non-myelinating Schwann cells. These clusters may represent a target for drugs that protect nerves or help manage diabetic neuropathy.
Estrogen-related receptors play a crucial role in regulating muscle cell metabolism and energy production. Researchers discovered that these receptors can increase mitochondrial numbers and enhance energetic output when muscles need more energy, making them a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
A new analysis of the SELECT trial shows semaglutide reduces major cardiovascular events by 40% within 3-6 months, even before significant weight loss and full target dose. The study found that semaglutide's effects on reducing inflammation, blood sugar, and blood pressure may contribute to its early clinical benefits.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo accelerated bacterial evolution by activating 'jumping genes', resulting in rapid genome changes. The study sheds light on the role of insertion sequences and composite transposons in evolution, offering a new reference for future laboratory experiments.
Researchers at Dongguk University have created a graphene coating that supercharges zinc-ion batteries for grid use, overcoming safety issues and enabling high-performance industrial energy storage. The new technology supports roll-to-roll manufacturing, bringing affordable energy storage closer to commercialization.
Researchers found that individuals who consumed collagen-enriched protein bars lost twice as much weight as a control group. The supplement also improved blood pressure, waist circumference, and liver health. Participants reported feeling less hungry and more full.
Researchers found that using current lung cancer screening criteria may overlook at-risk populations, such as older adults and non-English speakers. Incorporating additional factors could enhance diagnostic screening effectiveness in Emergency Department patients.
Researchers at Brown University developed targeted liposomes that dramatically increased drug effectiveness against fungal infections, even those caused by tough-to-treat biofilms. The approach also appears to be generally safe, showing no toxicity to human cells commonly affected during infection.
Activating Nrf2 reduces senescent bronchial epithelial cells, improving lung function and decreasing inflammation in COPD models. This novel therapeutic approach targets cellular senescence and inflammation to mitigate COPD progression.
Researchers have developed a monolithically integrated asynchronous optical recurrent accelerator, mapping time sequences to wavelength channels for efficient parallel processing. This breakthrough improves computational efficiency without requiring high-speed electronic components for synchronization.
Scientists have identified previously unknown enzymes that initiate the formation of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds, enabling the synthesis of complex heterocycles. The discovery holds promise for developing new pharmaceutical agents with targeted environmental benefits.
Researchers uncover pivotal role of cyclic dinucleotides in triggering bacterial immune response, leading to rapid and robust activation of defenses. The study provides a unified model for how CDNs trigger membrane-targeting immune responses across diverse immune systems.
The study found that the uniportal approach reduced postoperative symptom burden and produced better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing sub-lobar resection. Uniportal lobectomy was previously known to have a lower symptom burden compared to multiportal lobectomy.
Research finds that multitarget stool DNA tests have higher sensitivity than FIT, but are not as cost-effective for early detection of colorectal cancer. Costs per detected advanced neoplasia case or early-detected CRC case are 7- to 9-fold higher for MSDT-based and N-G MSDT-based screening.
A study found that large language models generalize language patterns in a surprisingly human-like way through analogy, relying on stored examples and drawing analogies when dealing with unfamiliar words. The models behave as if they have formed a memory trace from every individual example of every word encountered during training.
After SNAP emergency allotment termination, participants experienced significant increases in food insecurity and reported more days of poor physical health. Mental health status remained unchanged.
Research found that GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly reduced the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events. Treatment with these medications after bariatric surgery was associated with a 67% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events or death.
Researchers found that people with diverse, active relationships had the highest levels of self-rated health, while those in smaller, more isolated groups reported poorer health. Frequent, meaningful interactions can buffer limited network size, but starting in a restricted network is challenging to escape.