A new study reveals that astrocytes actively participate in motor-learning circuit rewiring by eliminating synapses in the striatum. The research identifies MEGF10 as a key molecular mediator of this process, which is regulated by dopamine signaling and neural activity.
E-CoRe seeks to drastically reduce digital system energy consumption via reversible computing. The four-year project will train thirteen PhD candidates and promote sustainable digital innovation in Europe.
The ETOS future cluster is receiving EUR 12 million in follow-up funding to focus on process engineering and piloting new methods for electrification of chemical production processes. Electroorganic synthesis, which uses electricity to drive chemical reactions, offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
The 'SWISS100' study identified 37 proteins in centenarians' blood whose profile appears linked to slower ageing, with remarkably low oxidative stress markers. Centenarians also show profiles surprisingly close to those of younger individuals, particularly with youthful expression levels of regulatory proteins of the extracellular matrix.
A study reveals that identical photons in optical circuits exhibit Hopfield Network behavior, enabling associative memory mechanisms similar to the human brain. The research finds a fundamental limit to memory capacity, with quantum coherence allowing correct retrieval but transitioning to disorder as data volume increases.
A new study by UK and EU researchers finds that countries with better-targeted climate policies cut carbon emissions significantly faster than those without. The study analyzed over 3,900 climate policies adopted since 2000 in leading economies and found that these policies avoided approximately 3 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2022 alone.
Researchers at the University of Granada found that Nutri-Score labels do not accurately reflect the true nutritional value of soluble cocoa. The study analyzed 54 products from 19 brands and discovered no correlation between Nutri-Score categories and actual nutritional composition, especially regarding bioactive compounds.
Researchers identified OsMADS18 as a key regulator of grain chalkiness, enhancing the trait with loss-of-function mutations. OsbZIP60 was found to interact with OsMADS18, positively regulating chalkiness-related genes. The OsMADS18-OsbZIP60 module also influences grain weight and starch content under high-temperature conditions.
A new study reveals a quantum effect that can be used to control an unusual quantum phenomenon, allowing for the conversion of alternating electrical signals into direct current. This discovery opens up possibilities for smaller, faster, and more efficient energy-harvesting devices, including self-powered sensors and wearable technology.
A new study found that adding one avocado and a cup of mango to daily meals and snacks for eight weeks improved vascular function among adults with prediabetes, while also reducing diastolic blood pressure. The Avocado-Mango diet showed significant increases in flow-mediated dilation and nutrient-dense nutrients without changes in calo...
Researchers have identified the specific smell receptor that causes mosquitoes to avoid borneol, a natural compound found in camphor tree oils. Activating this receptor triggers a neural pathway leading to avoidance behavior, offering potential strategies for designing more targeted and effective mosquito repellents.
A Singapore study reveals that a specific gene called SERPINE1 drives resistance to chemotherapy and cancer spread in colorectal cancer patients. The findings also identify a molecular signature called RESIST-M, which can predict poorer survival and higher relapse risk, supporting earlier intervention and more targeted follow-up care.
A six-month study found that consuming 43 grams of peanut butter daily significantly increased muscle power in older adults. This improvement enables them to perform daily activities like stair climbing and rising from a chair more efficiently.
The foundation awarded $400,000 over two years to five early-career researchers and continuation support to three current Innovators with significant progress on their proposed research. The recipients focus on developing targeted therapeutics, decoding dendritic cell function, defining NKT cell interactions with tumors, engineering T ...
The new device improves the energy efficiency of refrigeration circuits, reduces energy consumption, and increases control capacity. It is compact, robust, silent, and has no moving parts, making maintenance low.
Researchers at the Institute for Glyco-core Research discovered how FUT8 is regulated by proteases SPP and SPPL3, essential for core fucosylation. This understanding may lead to new treatments targeting this cellular pathway, particularly in cancer and immune disorders.
Researchers at HKUST developed a multi-source co-evaporation recipe that enhances crystal quality of vacuum-deposited perovskite films. The breakthrough achieved the first certified performance for an all-vacuum-deposited wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell with 18.35% efficiency.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed an AI model that can accurately determine the time of death from blood samples, providing crucial information in murder investigations and police work. The method uses metabolites to analyze changes in small molecules over time, outperforming current methods.
A recent study examining microscopic remains of clothing and burial items from 7,000-year-old graves in Sweden reveals the use of bird skins, furs, and feathers. The analysis method provides a fresh vantage point on Stone Age attire, shedding new light on the significance of soft organic materials.
Scientists discover that social information influences mate choice, leading to diverse populations. The study reveals two opposing variants of copying behavior: Conformity and Anti-conformity, which affect population diversity. Mathematical modeling provides insights into the interplay between natural selection and social learning.
A study profiles mitochondrial circular RNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from young and old human cohorts, revealing that circMT-RNR2 levels are depleted in older cohorts and are involved in promoting the TCA cycle. Loss of GRSF1 reduces circMT-RNR2 levels, decreasing mitochondrial TCA intermediates and accelerating cellular ...
Researchers developed DBAL-YOLO, a deep learning-based framework that converts non-digital engineering drawings into 3D Building Information Models (BIM) with high precision. The technology resolves the challenge of creating digital twins for existing buildings and holds immense potential for rapid digitisation of urban infrastructure.
A team of scientists and industry experts investigated the challenges of developing new solar cells, including copper indium gallium diselenide and perovskite. They recommend focusing on material resilience, stability, and sustainability to ensure long-term success.
The Brain Health Prize, a student competition to improve brain health on campus, was won by Shreeyalaxhmee Rao and Riya Acharya's 'Resilience Neighborhoods' project. The prize aims to equip students with brain-healthy strategies through innovative ideas.
A Harvard study analyzed 1.6 million patents and found that industrial research labs enabled large-scale science-based team-oriented invention, transforming the U.S. innovation system. The researchers propose exploring whether today's organized corporate research promotes radical versus incremental innovation.
A Dartmouth study challenges the conventional view of the amygdala as a primitive 'fear center' by revealing its role in mediating between competing learning strategies. The research suggests that the amygdala favors action-based learning, promoting exploration and flexibility to overcome fear.
A recent study has found that ChatGPT Health may fail to direct users appropriately to emergency care in serious cases, and its suicide-crisis safeguards are also concerning. The tool under-triaged more than half of cases that physicians determined required emergency care, highlighting the need for caution when relying on AI guidance.
Three new neural network-based tools enable precise tracking of neurons in worms and jellyfish, overcoming visibility challenges. The tools have been applied to the study of brain activity in C. hemisphaerica jellyfish, allowing researchers to extract neural activity data from videos of the animals.
Researchers aim to harness entanglement for high-precision networking, improving measurement sensitivity and resolving finer details. The five-year effort seeks to establish ways to maintain entanglement over time, paving the way for a future quantum internet.
A new study explores how artificial lighting at night shapes ecological and genetic patterns of two closely related isopod species, Ligia laticarpa and L. furcata, in Tokyo Bay. The research reveals a clear ecological boundary between the two species, consistent with patterns of urban illumination.
A study published in eGastroenterology reveals that Autophagy Related 14 (ATG14) plays a critical role in protecting the liver against injury and fibrosis. ATG14 deficiency leads to severe hepatocellular injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation, highlighting its importance in maintaining hepatocyte homeostasis.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology found that exposure to oleamide, a chemical additive in plastics, caused immediate changes in octopus prey choice and interactions with predators. The effects persisted for at least three days, suggesting a lasting impact on marine behavior and ecosystem dynamics.
Researchers suggest ribosomes may have originated from a viral parasite, proposing a proto-ribosome that assembled small molecules into useful products. This theory implies that the evolution of the ribosome was influenced by its initial parasitic nature.
A study found that night lights affect two marine crustaceans differently, with Ligia laticarpa occurrence correlated to higher nighttime light intensity and Ligia furcata reduced activity under artificial lights. Night lights can structure ecosystems by acting as a barrier between lineages, potentially reducing gene flow.
Researchers developed a tool to identify children with red flags for speech disorders, guiding therapy referrals. The study found that developmental speech errors are common in young children, but resolve by seven years, and that some errors take longer to outgrow.
A long-term survey analysis reveals stable individual measures of economic satisfaction, health, and happiness, but declining national confidence and institutional trust, with increased affective polarization and partisan divides.
Researchers developed an efficient system to detect subtle defects missed by existing inspection systems. The MambaAlign framework captures long-range and orientation-aware context using state-space refinement, achieving improved localization and detection accuracy without excessive computational overhead.
A multicenter Japanese study developed and validated a tool to measure attitudes toward artificial intelligence among medical students and residents. The J-ATTARI-12 scale assesses AI anxiety and aversion versus AI optimism and acceptance, with moderate positive correlations with related constructs.
A new study reveals that animal species with fast-paced ecologies have faster visual perception, tracking prey in mid-air versus grazing slowly across the seabed. This finding supports Autrum's hypothesis and highlights how ecology shapes the tempo of perception across life on Earth.
A study reveals widespread changes in the brain's somatosensory cortex as children with upper limb differences adapt to their daily lives. The brain devotes more resources to other body parts, shifting its entire map towards the missing hand.
A recent study analyzing 50 years of climate data shows that the Tour de France has so far avoided extreme heat conditions, but the risk is increasingly high. The researchers found that regions like Paris and Lyon are becoming new heat stress hotspots, highlighting the need to adapt schedules, routes, and safety protocols.
A new study reveals that a high-fat, high-sugar diet during early life can lead to long-lasting changes in feeding behavior and disrupt brain pathways involved in appetite control. However, targeting the gut microbiota with specific strains of beneficial bacteria or prebiotic fibers may help mitigate these effects.
Emerging microbially-powered technologies can convert up to 35% of wastewater's chemical energy into electricity and extract valuable nutrients. This approach could power agriculture, global sanitation and its own treatment, while reducing pollution and overcoming regulatory obstacles.
Researchers have discovered a sophisticated 3D scaffold of DNA being built before the genome fully awakens, controlling gene expression and preventing developmental defects. The breakthrough technology, Pico-C, enables high-resolution mapping of the genome's shape, shedding light on its role in human health.
Scientists developed a new platform using protein-like polymers to target and degrade cancer-driving proteins like MYC and KRAS. The approach triggers cancer cell death, offering hope for treating aggressive and drug-resistant cancers.
A new study reveals that US industrial research labs played a crucial role in the country's rise as a technological superpower in the 1920s. The labs, which emerged during World War I, shifted from craftsmanship-based to science-based innovation, enabling teamwork and novel technology combinations.
Researchers show enzymes can actively shift reactions away from equilibrium, controlling directionality and fine metabolic regulation. Enzyme diffusion enables 'memory' of past reaction events, driving system to new steady state.
A research team has engineered bacteria capable of consuming tumours from the inside out, using a novel tool for cancer treatment. The bacteria, Clostridium sporogenes, are designed to multiply in oxygen-free environments found in solid tumours, where they can effectively target and destroy cancerous cells.
Researchers used continuous and integrated readings of methane and ethane to identify overlooked emissions from restaurants, commercial facilities, and private residences. The study highlights the need for technology and policy to fix these hidden sources, which are estimated to be higher on weekdays.
A recent study published in Nature Energy found that switching to a new battery technology does not automatically open the door to new market players due to established companies' structural advantages. The researchers analyzed over 15,000 patents and found significant knowledge transfer between lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
A thriving edible garden in Brisbane attracts thousands daily, offering a blueprint for local governments to provide fresh food as a public service. The Epicurious Garden boosts biodiversity and provides education, inspiration, and sensory enjoyment, connecting people with nature.
This review constructs a tripartite analytical framework for ionogel actuators, covering material construction, actuation mechanisms, and system integration. It presents a function-oriented classification of materials and evaluates the applicability of seven distinct actuation modes.
A new study reveals disparities in urban shade levels, leading to greater health risks and exacerbating the 'heat island' effect in cities. Wealthier neighborhoods tend to have more trees, resulting in better shade provision for pedestrians, highlighting a consistent link between wealth and neighborhood tree abundance.
Researchers discovered that ancient humans used geometric principles to create organized and coherent patterns on ostrich eggshells, dating back over 60,000 years. The study suggests that this ability to organize visual space according to abstract principles is a key indicator of the emergence of abstract thought in human evolution.
Chronic sleep disruption persistently impairs social memory by differentially encoding oxytocin release in hippocampal CA2 during novelty encoding and prelimbic cortex during retrieval of familiar individuals. Restoration of PVN-OXT neurons enhances OXT release and produces sustained behavioral recovery.
A new roadmap for newborn screening combines genetic sequencing with traditional biomarker-based testing to enhance early detection of treatable neonatal disorders. The framework covers 154 disease-associated genes across 67 inherited metabolic disorders, reducing false positives and false negatives while accelerating diagnosis and int...
A research team at Kumamoto University identified a plant-derived molecule, PGG, that breaks down transthyretin (TTR) amyloid linked to heart and nerve disorders. The study found PGG effectively disassembled amyloid fibrils without disrupting other types of protein aggregates.
Researchers found that noninvasive measures of brain blood flow and oxygenation are associated with hallmark brain changes in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Higher values on these indicators were linked to lower levels of amyloid plaques and larger hippocampal volume, indicating a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have observed and measured weak electrical discharges, known as coronae, on trees during thunderstorms for the first time. The phenomenon may impact canopy health, with coronae burning leaf tips and potentially damaging trees over time, sparking further investigation into its effects.
Ranked tied for first among private universities in Western Japan, Okayama University of Science was recognized for its interdisciplinary scientific research initiatives. The institution secured a fifth-place ranking nationwide among private universities.