Researchers from ICCUB led the most extensive observational study of runaway massive stars in the Milky Way, combining measurements of rotation speeds and binarity. The results reveal that most runaway stars rotate slowly, while those with high velocities are linked to supernova explosions or gravitational ejection.
West Virginia University scientists create digital twin models using AI technology to monitor astronaut movements and muscle activity, predicting potential health risks. The system can detect subtle early signs of trouble, providing personalized exercise routines and helping astronauts cope with balance issues upon return to Earth.
A new study suggests that preexisting autoantibodies in a small subset of the population can cause severe reactions to the live-attenuated Chikungunya vaccine. Researchers recommend screening people with these autoantibodies before vaccination, especially for those over age 65.
Researchers found a strong link between human genetic factors and the oral microbiome, with specific genes influencing cavity and tooth loss risk. The study analyzed over 12,500 individuals' saliva-derived DNA, revealing genome-to-genome interactions between human and bacterial DNA.
Physicists at MIT observed clear signs that quarks create wakes as they speed through the plasma, confirming the plasma behaves like a liquid. This finding provides new insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma and its behavior in the early universe.
Two Canadian clinical trials have shown that fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) can improve the response to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer and melanoma. FMT capsules were found to reduce toxic side effects of kidney cancer treatment, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
A Brazilian study developed a new statistical analysis method that better predicts landslide risk. The approach uses the Gaussian distribution to define the weight of each contributing factor objectively. It was validated based on an inventory of landslides in São Paulo, where 65 people were killed.
A new study found that people from strongly liberal-leaning or conservative US counties prefer visiting like-minded destinations for everyday travel. This preference was observed even after accounting for factors such as income and race.
A University of Virginia study reveals phosphorus pollution in Lake Anna comes from multiple sources, including homes and abandoned mines. Elevated levels of arsenic, lead, and copper were found near mining sites, highlighting the need for broader strategies to address nutrient and metal pollution.
Researchers have found that babies can detect verb inconsistencies as early as 10 months old, using brain imaging technology. This finding suggests that infants begin to develop an understanding of verbs before they even say their first words.
A new AI-driven model predicts patient risk of suffering a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) with higher accuracy than traditional predictive models. This improvement in prognostic risk assessment could help personalize individual care plans and maintain quality of life for patients.
A global study of 17,494 people from 158 countries reveals a significant gap between expected and experienced perimenopause symptoms. Fatigue, mood changes, and sleep-related issues are the most common reported symptoms, with exhaustion and fatigue being particularly prevalent.
Long COVID shows self-reported data strengths over objective data, calls to de-stigmatize self-reporting in healthcare research. PLOS article highlights need for reevaluation of what counts as 'objective' data.
A new clinical trial found that solriamfetol helped early morning shift workers with shift work disorder stay more alert and report better overall functioning. The study, published in NEJM Evidence, enrolled 78 early-morning shift workers and showed significant improvement in sleepiness and daily activities after four weeks of treatment.
Delirium after hip fracture surgery is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, especially in previously healthy older adults. Researchers found that preventing delirium must be a top priority for every older adult facing surgery.
New research finds that antitrust enforcement against interlocking directorates has led to the departure of experienced directors, particularly at small companies. This loss of industry expertise may impair corporate governance and make it harder for firms to find qualified directors.
A protein called Replication Factor C has been found to remain bound to a DNA sliding clamp even after loading it onto DNA, facilitating the copying process. This discovery challenges decades of textbook knowledge in basic biology and could inform research into cancer and neurological disorders.
A new study from Uppsala University reveals a substantial increase in cardiomyopathy diagnoses in Sweden between 2004 and 2023, associated with high excess mortality rates. The study highlights the need for improved detection and targeted treatments to address this growing public health concern.
A third of fish off Pacific Islands' coasts contain microplastics, with Fiji showing a high rate of contamination. Research highlights the pervasiveness of microplastic pollution and its impact on ecosystems and human health.
Prof. Guy Kindler, a leading researcher in theoretical computer science, received the prestigious prize for his groundbreaking contributions to probabilistically checkable proofs and hardness of approximation.
Researchers are developing brain-based interventions to treat co-occurring disorders, including rTMS and deep brain stimulation for addiction. The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation awards grants to fund research on mental illness treatments.
A study found that dogs experience changes in balance when hearing angry or happy human voices. Angry voices were most strongly associated with destabilization, while happy voices led to both stabilization and destabilization in some cases. The research suggests that emotional arousal may play a role in the dogs' responses.
A recent study found that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with biological symptoms of accelerated aging. The researchers also discovered that emotional distress accounts for a significant portion of these effects. Anxiety appeared to be a major mediator between exposure and epigenetic aging.
The new Dietary Guidelines for Americans have been criticized for prioritizing meat, dairy, and processed foods over fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine argues that the guidelines ignore scientific evidence and are influenced by industry interests.
Scientists found that water and key minerals enter a superionic state at extreme depths, preserving water for geological timescales. This discovery provides new insights into deep water cycling and the long-term storage of ancient water and hydrogen.
Researchers at Lund University developed a universal method for creating cell-free cartilage structures that guide bone repair without triggering strong immune responses. The successful test in animal models paves the way for human trials and the potential to transform the future of bone transplantation.
A new study from UT Arlington reveals that one in four US adolescents experience neighborhood trauma, leading to increased substance use. Cyberbullying is more strongly linked to substance use than traditional school bullying, and team sports participation can also contribute to increased alcohol use.
Corals rest at night to recover from oxidative stress caused by their photosynthetic microbes. This daily cycle regulates their biological clock and balances the host-microbe relationship.
Lifestyle medicine certified clinicians apply therapeutic lifestyle interventions to treat and prevent chronic conditions. This approach emphasizes whole-person health and is being integrated into clinical care nationwide.
A genetic study reveals that saltwater crocodiles on remote Seychelles islands were part of a western population, confirming earlier hypotheses based on external characteristics. The species' unique adaptations enabled them to colonize islands and coastal regions over long distances.
The new tool offers a comprehensive phylogenetic dataset that syncs with current taxonomy, allowing users to trace any bird's lineage and explore major evolutionary milestones. Birders can also visualize their eBird life list in context of bird orders, families, and genera.
Scientists at University of Basel and ETH in Zurich successfully changed the polarity of a ferromagnet using a laser beam. The breakthrough method could be used to create adaptive electronic circuits that can be controlled by light.
A study published in Immunity reveals that type I interferons (IFN-I) help resolve inflammation by inducing changes in macrophage mitochondria, improving their ability to remove dead cells. The researchers found that treatment with IFN-I increases macrophage uptake of apoptotic cells and reduces the expression of inflammatory genes.
Researchers developed the Ocean Equity Index to rate ocean initiatives on their recognition of stakeholders, inclusion in decision-making, and treatment. The index offers a practical way to prioritize coastal communities' rights and voices, leading to more equitable outcomes.
Researchers created a comprehensive map showing how eight different genetic mutations associated with autism spectrum disorder affect early brain development. They found that despite initial differences, these mutations increasingly impact overlapping molecular pathways as development progresses.
A new study from Lund University finds that modifiable risk factors like smoking and high blood pressure can damage brain blood vessels and increase dementia risk. Living a healthy lifestyle may help delay symptom onset in Alzheimer's disease.
A study led by researchers from the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute has identified PARG as a new target to enhance chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Inhibition of PARG significantly increases the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy, leading to enhanced cell death and apoptosis in different colorectal cancer models.
Research by Rafaela Lehtme shows that bird's nest parenting, where children stay in one home and parents move back and forth, can improve well-being. This arrangement provides a stable environment for children to grow independence, shifting focus from parental rights to responsibilities.
Researchers developed a novel combined PET imaging approach to personalize radiotherapy for head and neck cancers, creating biologic maps that show tumor characteristics. This strategy led to greater than 90% predicted tumor control probability, outperforming previous literature.
A global study reveals signs of complete extinction in the Canary Islands, where a previously undetected mass mortality event was identified in mid-2022. The affected species is no longer capable of reproducing, potentially leading to local extinction with severe ecological consequences.
A new study found that young adults with complex childhood-onset conditions experience longer hospital stays, higher readmission rates, and greater use of resources in adult hospitals. These patients account for 6.7% of young adult hospitalizations but occupy 10.7% of all hospital bed-days.
Adverse experiences throughout life increase dementia and stroke risks, with depression as a mediating factor. Implementing life-course interventions addressing psychological trauma and mental health can reduce neurovascular disease burden.
A Europe-wide study reveals that pesticides have substantial effects on beneficial soil organisms, including mycorrhizal fungi and nematodes. The contamination has a major impact on soil biodiversity, highlighting the need to adapt current pesticide assessments and regulations.
A new study reveals how Parkinson's spreads from the gut to the brain via immune cells, identifying a key role for gut macrophages in transporting toxic proteins. Reducing these cells can slow disease progression and improve motor symptoms in mice.
The study analyzed US state-level adult obesity prevalence from 1990 to 2022, showing a significant increase to 42.5% by 2022 and forecasted to 46.9% by 2035. Disparities in obesity rates vary substantially by race and ethnicity.
A systematic review of 12 million births in 25 European countries found that private hospitals have a significantly higher caesarean section rate than public hospitals. Among low-risk first-time mothers, the increase in caesarean sections is attributed to non-medical factors such as local routines and financial incentives.
The InterACT programme equips postdoctoral researchers with skills to translate research into actionable insights. Seven fellows will be selected for a three-year fellowship, focusing on societal impact and stakeholder engagement.
CiQUS researcher María Giménez López leads ZEST project to develop hybrid battery based on zinc, bromine, and manganese dioxide, offering safer and scalable solutions. The project aims to create stable, efficient, and cost-effective energy storage systems with industrial partners like Fraunhofer ISE.
Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly lowers risks of limb events, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and kidney disease progression compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes. GLP-1 RAs are preferred for secondary prevention in this high-risk population.
The Huayuan biota provides a rare snapshot of ancient ecosystems following the Sinsk Event mass extinction, featuring diverse animal species, complex food webs, and fully functional biological carbon pump mechanisms. The discovery sheds light on transoceanic dispersal events and refugia for faunal migration during this critical post-ex...
Researchers identify a protein, PAF15, as a natural brake that prevents DNA replication from becoming overloaded and protects cells from the replication catastrophe. In cancer cells, high levels of PAF15 may create a vulnerability for targeting rapidly dividing tumor cells.
Researchers at Columbia University have observed a superfluid transitioning into an insulating phase, exhibiting properties of both liquid-like and solid-like behavior. The finding suggests that the low-temperature phase may be a highly unusual exciton solid, leaving room for further exploration and potential observation of supersolids.
A novel AI framework uses speech patterns to detect cognitive decline years before traditional tools can, offering non-invasive screening for neurodegenerative conditions. The approach analyzes complex dynamics and transitions hidden in speech to reveal subtle patterns and extract objective biomarkers from natural patient behavior.
A new fabrication method, optofluidic assembly, has been developed to create tiny 3D objects from a variety of materials, including metals, semiconductors and polymers. The technique uses light-driven flow to guide the assembly of micro- or nanoparticles within a confined space.
A new study has identified optimized immunosuppressive strategies that allow transplanted iPSC-CMs to survive without immune rejection in non-human primates. The researchers found a triple-drug regimen consisting of methylprednisolone, calcineurin inhibitors, and mycophenolate mofetil reliably prevents acute immune rejection.
Agricultural waste from crops like wheat, rice, and maize can act as a powerful carbon sink when diverted into construction products. The study finds that these materials can store carbon for decades rather than releasing it within months.
A study published in Current Anthropology analyzed hair samples from Turkana communities to understand their dietary habits, revealing a dynamic and interconnected economy. The research challenges assumptions about pastoralism and highlights the ability of herders to adapt to volatile conditions.
A Concordia University study reveals that nearly half of Montreal's elderly care facilities lack public EV charging stations within a 15-minute walk. This limits access not only for residents but also for caregivers and staff. Strategically placing new chargers in underserved areas can improve accessibility without expanding the network.
A team at Stanford University developed a new optical cavity architecture that enables efficient collection of single photons from single atoms, paving the way for million-qubit quantum computer networks. This breakthrough could lead to significant advances in materials design, chemical synthesis, and medical research.
A new study reveals that small river impoundments significantly elevate water temperatures and increase the pathogenic impact of Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) among brown trout. Dams create hotspots for the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, leading to higher infection prevalence and severe disease progression.