Researchers at PolyU have engineered a novel tunnelling field-effect transistor using 2D nanomaterials, breaking through the 60 mV decade’ boundary to create ultra-low-power, high-performance ICs essential for emerging AI chips. The breakthrough paves the way for energy-efficient computing and next-generation AI chips.
Cobalt-based electrocatalysts have shown high efficiency in reducing nitrate to ammonia, with some achieving 100% Faradaic efficiency. Researchers have discovered alloying cobalt with other metals and engineering crystal structures can fine-tune the reaction pathway to favor ammonia production.
Researchers discovered a natural compound, hederagenin, that slows kidney aging in diabetes by reversing epigenetic silencing of the anti-aging gene Klotho. Hederagenin reduces Klotho promoter methylation, restoring Klotho protein levels and curbing cellular senescence.
Research reveals that snake embryos coil in a right-handed spiral due to the detachment of the slow-growing gut, which tethers the lengthening body. This coiling force directs the embryo to grow to the opposite side of the yolk, resulting in half of near-hatching embryos being right-handed and the other half left-handed.
A study published in Advanced Materials Interfaces reveals that proteins with exposed arginine residues selectively accumulate on protein-resistant coatings, compromising biocompatibility of medical devices. Researchers developed a new design guideline for predicting and controlling protein corona formation at the molecular level.
Specific plastid ion channels enable rapid calcium signal transmission to chloroplasts, strengthening plant defense response to recurring stress. Calcium waves relay information about attacks, triggering jasmonic acid synthesis and defense gene expression.
Despite declining confidence in CDC, FDA, and NIH, Americans' confidence in their own healthcare providers remains high. A recent survey found that 87% of respondents trust their doctor or nurse to provide trustworthy information about public health, while confidence in these agencies has declined to 59-64%.
A Southwest Research Institute study of Solar Orbiter data provides the most detailed view of the heliospheric current sheet, revealing a clear change in ion composition tied to magnetic polarity flips. The findings offer new insights into the origin and composition of the solar wind.
Scientists at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center discovered a protein called lysyl oxidase that helps triple-negative breast cancer cells survive. Blocking LOX creates a weakness, which can be exploited with a second drug to block tumor growth without chemotherapy.
A new species of spider, Hexura vandal, has been discovered in Idaho's Rocky Mountains, expanding the known range of the genus by 500 kilometers. The species is a predator that attacks and is considered likely endangered due to habitat pressure from logging and wildfires.
Researchers found that a Western-style diet exacerbated male infertility in mice with genetic mutations, leading to lower fertility and poorer sperm quality. The study suggests that lifestyle factors contribute to the severity of infertility in men with underlying genetic susceptibility, providing new insights into personalized fertili...
A cross-sectional study suggests that seeking emotional support from generative AI is a unique marker of psychological distress in children and adolescents. Clinical frameworks and digital literacy programs should distinguish between functional AI assistance and algorithmic interfaces as a digital refuge for emotional needs.
A crossover randomized clinical trial found that cannabis edibles impaired simulated driving performance at blood THC concentrations below per se thresholds. The study's findings suggest that even low doses of THC can have significant effects on driving ability.
Researchers analyzed 8.1 million emergency department visits to identify the most at-risk patients during heat waves, offering a near-real-time opportunity to implement protective measures. The study suggests that delays in identifying those most at-risk are no longer necessary, and timely evidence is increasingly essential for effecti...
Six UK universities have renewed their unlimited OA publishing agreement with JMIR Publications, allowing corresponding authors to publish APC-free in all JMIR journals. This sustainable model establishes a more predictable and equitable publishing environment.
Left atrial appendage closure during open-heart surgery is recommended for high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery to reduce stroke risk. The LAACS-2 trial found closure provided a 56% reduction in stroke risk for those at high risk, but no significant benefit for those at lower risk.
Researchers developed a computational model to study aging in 40 types of human tissue, identifying three major aging patterns and underlying molecular changes. Tissues show bimodal structural aging, with accelerated aging from 35-40 and 55-60, coinciding with fertility decline and menopause.
A new AI framework, AdvWT, uses realistic fading, cracks, and corrosion to test vulnerabilities in AI vision systems. It achieves near-perfect attack success rates on lightweight CNNs and transformer-based models, and can also be used to restore naturally damaged traffic signs.
Researchers at UC San Diego will develop optimized red blood cells to temporarily boost human performance and health through enhanced oxygen delivery. The project has the potential to improve athletic performance and treat conditions involving oxygen delivery to tissues.
A large randomized trial and meta-analysis found that immediate coronary angiography does not improve 30-day survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ECG ST-elevation. The findings support current guideline recommendations against routine immediate coronary angiography in these patients.
A new study found that community first responders did not improve short-term survival after cardiac arrest, but did increase bystander CPR and defibrillation rates. The study's findings suggest that the effect of first responders on survival is highly dependent on the time available for intervention.
A new study has shown that catheter-directed thrombolysis significantly reduces primary clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism, including a lower rate of cardiorespiratory decompensation or collapse. The treatment improved short-term clinical outcomes compared to standard anticoagulation therapy alone.
FAU will investigate how undergraduate STEM education can better connect scientific discovery with workforce preparation, leveraging industry partnerships and research infrastructure. The project aims to strengthen students' technical and professional skills, scientific problem-solving, and career confidence.
Researchers found that Americans tend to support religious exemption requests from those who share their political views, but are skeptical of requests from those who hold opposing views. This study highlights the potential for ideological biases to influence perceptions of religious freedom protections.
Researchers at Binghamton University found that memory shifts as we age, with declines in accuracy from the 20- to 30-year-old age group to people in their 50s. Hippocampal processes start to decline by midlife, making middle age a transition point for memory formation.
Two imaging techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), were compared in patients with true distal left main bifurcation lesions. OCT was found to be noninferior to IVUS in guiding stenting, suggesting it may be an alternative option.
The CorCal Outcomes trial found no difference in major cardiovascular events when statin initiation was based on coronary artery calcium compared to traditional risk factor assessment. Patients recommended statins based on CAC scores were more adherent with their medication.
The EVAOLD trial suggests that routine invasive treatment is more effective than a selective approach in older patients with NSTEMI, a common type of heart attack. The trial found that the selective approach did not demonstrate noninferiority to routine invasive treatment for major cardiovascular events.
Researchers found thylacines used high-impact snapping to catch small prey, contradicting myths of ferocious predators. The unique skull shape allowed them to withstand powerful bite forces, setting them apart from other carnivorous mammals.
Human-driven fires have reshaped the Amazonian forest over the last 10,000 years, with a significant impact on vegetation and species composition. The research reveals that fires were almost exclusively human-driven, with a dramatic decline in fire frequency over the last 700 years.
A mathematical model developed by researchers from Hasanuddin University suggests that combining vaccination, treatment, quarantine, and educational campaigns could curb Mpox transmission. The model showed that a full-control strategy produced the greatest reduction in infections, with a 97.85% decrease in the total number of infected ...
Researchers discovered a long-lived monocyte-derived population in the lung that provides essential support for durable T cell immunity. The study suggests that enhancing interactions between innate immune cells and memory T cells could be one such strategy.
Researchers have developed a biomarker score called BioTAK to identify broken-heart syndrome, which affects postmenopausal women and is triggered by emotional or physical stress. The score uses blood biomarkers to distinguish the condition from a heart attack, providing new insights into disease mechanisms.
Immunotherapy for gynecological tumors offers durable responses and survival benefits, but complex immune evasion mechanisms and tumor microenvironment pose challenges. Current treatment options, such as ICIs and adoptive cell therapy, show promise, but precision immunotherapy is needed to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers discovered a temperature-locking phenomenon in a bulk organic conductor, where Joule heating raises the sample temperature, giving rise to a resistive-switched state. The material exhibits an inverse Ohm's law, showing an unusual behavior where voltage and current are inversely proportional.
A new calculator predicts the impact of different treatment combinations on blood pressure, kidney function, and serum potassium levels. The calculator provides personalized estimates based on patient characteristics, which can help clinicians overcome uncertainty and prescribe effective therapies.
A 14-day wearable ECG monitor improved the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias in patients with unexplained syncope. Monitoring more than doubled the detection of clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias and led to earlier diagnosis, resulting in a 50% reduction in all-cause mortality.
A large randomised trial found that targeted lead placement in cardiac resynchronisation therapy did not improve outcomes in patients with heart failure. The study compared targeted and standard lead placement and found no difference in death or first heart failure hospitalization rates.
Researchers in South Africa's Karoo region are redefining the relationship between Indigenous knowledge and modern science, as they study the ethnoastronomical knowledge of local communities. The project, which involves elders and knowledge holders, highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of traditional knowledge, which continues to...
Researchers from Tohoku University and Queen Mary University of London have developed a low-temperature method for graphene production, utilizing acetylene gas and cerium oxide. This breakthrough enables precise control over the material's final form and paves the way for sustainable resource recycling.
Researchers developed an ultrafast infrared near-field optical microscopy technique that enables frequency-selective imaging of phonon polariton without sacrificing ultrafast time resolution. The technique reveals ultrafast optical modulation of phonon polariton in van der Waals heterostructures.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology have developed a speaker system that can deliver sound to a single listener, using dual-domain metamaterials and a compact ultrasonic transducer. The system achieves highly directional audio generation, focusing sound at the front and blocking parasitic noise at the back.
Researchers from HKUST develop 'one-pot' testing platform TEMPO for rapid, single-step nucleic acid testing, reaching attomolar sensitivity comparable to laboratory methods. The platform has potential applications in infectious disease surveillance and genetic screening.
The CIP2A protein regulates DNA repair during cell division and influences tumor response to radiotherapy. It controls Polθ activity and maintains its recruitment to damaged DNA sites through interaction with PP2A.
A new porous material has been developed to detect and adsorb copper ions, with a detection limit of 40.76 nM and a high adsorption capacity of 1902 mg/g. The material shows specific fluorescent recognition and cooperative adsorption capabilities, enabling efficient heavy metal monitoring and pollution treatment.
A survey of 365 Australian adolescents aged 10-15 found that those who began using social media at a younger age reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression. The study suggests that delaying children's first exposure to social media may be a promising policy for protecting mental health.
A new study reveals that China's retired electric vehicle batteries could unlock six billion tons of climate gains by 2050 if spatial mismatches are resolved. By prioritizing high-value utilization pathways like power storage and direct recycling, cost savings and emissions reductions can be delivered. The study suggests that establish...
Researchers have discovered a method to create complex polymer patterns using low-power lasers, enabling the production of water-repellent coatings and optical devices. The technique also has potential applications in data storage, electronics, and biomedical devices.
A clinical trial found that AZD5462, a new oral medication, was well-tolerated and improved cardiac remodeling and blood flow in patients with heart failure. The results suggest that AZD5462 may be a promising treatment option for patients with chronic heart failure.
Researchers have identified a new resistance gene, PsFwC9, that protects peas against Fusarium wilt, a devastating disease causing yield losses up to 30%. The gene, located on chromosome 4, confers resistance through a distinct mechanism, opening up new possibilities for understanding plant defense and stacking resistance genes.
KAIST researchers analyzed key challenges in microbial food industry and proposed growth strategies for next-generation protein market. The study emphasizes the importance of manufacturing readiness, market entry strategies, and regulatory compliance in commercializing microbial foods.
A new study found that 72% of Australian women wear a different size under US sizing and 65% under EU sizing. The researchers suggest that some women may be compensating for shoes that don't accommodate their foot width. The study highlights the need for more inclusive footwear sizing systems and clearer sizing information.
A one-year tailored exercise program significantly reduced atrial fibrillation (AF) burden and improved cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with non-permanent AF. Despite lack of significant improvements in quality of life, the exercise intervention showed meaningful benefits in measures of fitness and hospitalisations.
Plozasiran administered by subcutaneous injection every three months has shown substantial reductions in triglyceride levels, with a 78-80% decrease observed after one year. The treatment also demonstrated a significant reduction in acute pancreatitis events, with a 78% decrease in trial populations.
A recent study found that catheter ablation does not significantly improve quality of life related to atrial fibrillation, but reduces AF recurrence. The PVI-SHAM-AF trial showed that both catheter ablation and a sham procedure improved AF-related quality of life, with no significant difference between them.
Researchers found that gene silencer therapy may be beneficial for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, with attenuated benefits observed when combined with TTR stabilizer therapy. The study will be presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in Munich, Germany.
A community-based trial in rural China found that intensive blood-pressure lowering intervention reduced dementia risk by 15% compared to usual care. The intervention also showed benefits in cognitive impairment and serious adverse events. This scalable approach may help reduce the increasing burden of dementia globally.
A large international study found that routine referrals to cardiologists or internists improved cholesterol levels in prostate cancer patients, but did not lead to fewer heart attacks, strokes, or cardiovascular deaths. Researchers noted that fewer participants experienced these complications than expected, making it harder to determi...
A new study finds that a TAVI-first strategy is noninferior to a PCI-first strategy in patients with severe aortic stenosis and concomitant coronary artery disease. The trial showed that fewer patients in the TAVI-first group ultimately underwent PCI, and life-threatening bleeding occurred at a lower rate with the TAVI-first strategy.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair improved heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. The TRIC-I-HF trial demonstrated a significant benefit in reducing hard clinical outcomes, including quality-of-life improvements and sustained reductions in mortality.