A study of 633 HIV-positive participants found that sociodemographic factors significantly affect their nutritional adequacy. Gay men, those with higher household incomes and educational attainment, were more likely to meet the Recommended Daily Allowances for nutrients. In contrast, individuals with lower incomes, fewer children at ho...
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that obese women converted carbohydrates to fat at a faster rate than lean women. This increased conversion was observed even when both groups were overfed with carbohydrate-rich diets, suggesting an intrinsic genetic potential for de novo lipogenesis.
A recent study published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that energy consumption from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats enhances memory performance in healthy elderly individuals. The researchers discovered that fat improved attention while protein enhanced recall over time.
Researchers found that consuming flavonoid-rich chocolate can increase HDL cholesterol and slow down LDL oxidation. This effect may contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that elderly subjects had a lower white blood cell count increase after refeeding, indicating impaired immune function. This suggests that poor nutritional status in elderly patients may amplify the risk of infection or disease.
A study of 96 elderly women found that high caffeine intake (over 300mg/day) accelerates bone loss, especially in those with the tt VDR genotype. Moderate caffeine consumption is not linked to increased bone loss, and doctors recommend adequate calcium and moderate caffeine for their patients.
A study found that leptin treatment reduced appetite and increased feelings of fullness in obese men. However, the participants did not experience significant weight loss, suggesting that reduced appetite may not be representative of overall food intake.
A large study of male physicians found that high calcium intake, particularly from dairy products, was associated with a 30-34% increased risk of prostate cancer. The authors suggest that this may be due to the suppression of vitamin D production, which is thought to protect against prostate cancer.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that women with good diets tend to eat more fruits and a greater variety of foods. The researchers also discovered a strong association between healthy eating indexes and socioeconomic status, suggesting that access to resources can influence dietary choices.
This study found that physical activity has a significant effect on body weight and BMI in school-aged boys, but not girls. The researchers suggest that other factors, such as energy or fat consumption, may be more important determinants of weight in girls.
The study found that older Inuits had higher concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which were associated with increased HDL cholesterol and reduced triacylglycerols. The Inuit diet is rich in saturated fat, but the authors suggest that n-3 fatty acids may change LDL cholesterol composition.
A study of 72,904 French women found that those who consumed alcohol had a 29.5% higher calorie intake compared to non-drinkers, with protein and cholesterol intake also increased. Heavy drinkers were more likely to be smokers and experienced negative health effects.
A study of 183 Norwegian participants found that abstaining from filtered coffee reduced total cholesterol and tHcy levels, while increasing folate levels. This reduction in risk factors may be attributed to the presence of terpenoids in coffee that are only partially removed during filtering.
Consuming caffeinated carbonated beverages results in small but significant increases in urinary calcium excretion, displacing milk's role as a major source of bone-building calcium. Regular consumption leads to nutrient deficiencies, causing bone loss.
A study published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that adult obesity is predicted by family social class and weight history. The research examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and social class across four generations. Early age at menarche was also linked to later obesity, while BMI at age 14 was a str...
A 1996 study found that nearly half of Asian Indian participants had low vitamin B-12 levels, with 52% showing metabolic indications of deficiency. The study suggests genetic adaptations and gastrointestinal infections may contribute to the high prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in this population.
Researchers found that consuming pork with a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats led to significant reductions in serum total cholesterol (10%) and LDL cholesterol (24%) in young women. The modified pork diet also showed no adverse effects on glucose, insulin, or triacylglycerol levels.
A 10-year study of elderly Dutch men found that those who consumed the most black tea had a significantly lower death rate from ischemic heart disease. High catechin intake was associated with healthy lifestyle practices, such as a balanced diet and regular activity.
A study found that two nutritional screening approaches, one for identifying hospitalization risk and another for detecting warning signs of poor health, were comparable in recognizing elderly at risk. The screenings assessed factors such as weight change, eating habits, medication use, and functional limitations.
Researchers found that milk fortified with vitamins A and D, and higher doses of vitamin E, significantly improved plasma lipid transport. This led to a 9% drop in total cholesterol and 10.7% reduction in LDL cholesterol concentrations after 4 weeks.
A study by Raben et al. found that postobese women have different metabolic profiles than never obese women, with greater insulin sensitivity and more efficient triacylglycerol storage. This suggests that weight loss may not entirely eliminate the risks associated with obesity.
A study found that nutrient-dense food supplementation significantly lowered serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels, indicating a reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, exercise had no effect on neuropsychological functioning or nutritional health in frail elderly subjects.
A new study found that puberty causes a general metabolic slowdown in both white and African American adolescents, with African Americans having greater lean mass in limbs but lower lean mass in the trunk. This difference may contribute to a lower resting energy expenditure (REE) in African Americans.
A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that two major US dietary patterns, prudent and Western, result in distinct health risks. The prudent diet was associated with a favorable biomarker profile, while the Western diet was linked to higher plasma levels of biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk and l...
A study found that consuming high-procyanidin chocolate increased plasma concentrations of a procyanidin metabolite and reduced serum leukotriene, promoting blood platelet aggregation. This compound may provide cardioprotective effects by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
A study of over 17,150 male physicians found that taller men and those with higher waist-to-hip ratios were at increased risk of developing cataracts. The authors suggest a possible genetic link to height and abdominal adiposity as contributing factors.
Vitamin D deficiency is common among elderly community-living women, associated with higher levels of disability. Elderly black women are at significant risk due to lower cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3, while obesity is linked to deficiency in less-disabled women.
A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials found that zinc supplementation reduced the duration of diarrheal episodes in infants in developing countries by 16% overall. The study also showed a significant reduction in treatment failure or death rates, particularly among malnourished male children.
A study found that household exposure to passive smoke is associated with lower serum concentrations of carotenoids and other micronutrients in non-smokers. This depletion may be due to cigarette smoke exposure, rather than shared inadequate diets, suggesting a possible causal link between passive smoking and nutrient deficiencies.
A one-year study found that moderate vitamin E supplementation can slow the oxidation of LDL cholesterol in diabetics, reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease. The authors suggest that uninterrupted long-term supplementation may be preferable over short-term 'cures' using high-doses or intravenous administration.
Adults exposed to Dutch famine in utero exhibit abnormal lipid profiles, with significantly higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Maternal malnutrition in the first trimester permanently alters offspring lipid profiles later in life.
A study of 24 postmenopausal women found no significant differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) between those who lost weight and a control group. Despite average weight loss of 13 kg, the subjects regained an average of 10.9 kg after energy balance was restored.
Post-menopausal women who consume moderate amounts of alcohol (2-4 drinks per week) have significantly higher bone mineral density than those who do not drink. The study found that lower levels of parathyroid hormone and increased estrogen levels were associated with the positive effect on bone health.
The study found that a Western diet pattern was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men, particularly those who smoked. In contrast, a prudent diet pattern was linked to lower risks, even when accounting for other factors such as smoking and family history.
The study found that the global prevalence of overweight among infants and children aged 0-5 years is 3.3%, with some countries having very high rates of both overweight and wasting. Developing countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America have the highest prevalences of overweight.
Consumers who consumed high amounts of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods had lower serum concentrations of vitamins and micronutrients, as well as higher levels of homocysteine. This study highlights the need for new strategies to educate consumers on moderating their EDNP food intake.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a strong inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Consuming 10 or more servings per day reduced the risk by 32%, while smokers still experienced a significant risk reduction.
Researchers found that obese subjects showed an attenuated response to simulated sunlight, with serum vitamin D concentrations less than half those of lean individuals. Oral administration of vitamin D2 was more effective in raising serum concentrations, suggesting that obese individuals sequester vitamin D in body fat.
A six-month study found that isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuated bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women. The treatment group showed a significant reduction in bone mineral density and content compared to the control group. This suggests that soy may be a useful adjunct therapy for preventing osteoporosis in wo...
Adolescents raised on a strict macrobiotic diet during infancy and early childhood show signs of impaired cognitive function, including lower intelligence and spatial ability scores. A study found an association between vitamin B12 status and cognitive abilities, highlighting the potential risks of avoiding animal products.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that walking and weight loss reduced midthigh fat and improved glucose metabolism in older obese women. The intervention resulted in significant decreases in body weight, waist circumference, and cholesterol levels, as well as improvements in aerobic capacity.
A large study of 191 nuns found no correlation between phosphorus and protein intake and calcium absorption. The researchers suggested that high protein diets may actually contribute to a negative calcium balance due to increased urinary calcium loss.
Research found three birth variables strongly linked to adult obesity in African Americans: first-born status, female sex, and maternal prepregnancy body mass index. These factors account for 12% of the risk for obesity.
Postmenopausal women who took n-3 fatty acid-enriched supplements experienced a 26% reduction in serum triglycerides, while those not taking HRT saw a 36% decrease. This suggests that fish-oil therapy may benefit postmenopausal women regardless of hormone replacement therapy use.
A study found that women with low-fat diets had 19% lower fractional calcium absorption rates than those with high-fat diets. The authors propose that fat may increase calcium absorption by slowing transit time through the intestines.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that physical activity has a greater impact on preschoolers' weight than diet. The research, which followed 77 preschool children for four days, showed no significant correlation between energy intake and body fat percentage.
Exclusive breast-feeding for four months may lead to a short-term lag in weight gain, but does not affect long-term growth patterns. Infants who were breast-fed exclusively for at least four months had improved growth status compared to those who were never breast-fed.
A new study found that a high glycemic load diet, which includes foods like rice and potatoes, increases the risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Women with higher glycemic load were 1.57 times more likely to have CVD than those with lower glycemic load.
A study found that folic acid supplements and fortified breakfast cereals are effective in lowering plasma tHcy, with significant decreases of 24% and 21% respectively. Increased consumption of folate-rich foods had a lesser effect on homocysteine levels.
Researchers analyzed food marketing trends over three decades, finding increases in energy-dense foods and portions. This shift is believed to contribute to the growing prevalence of overweight Americans.