This review identifies 24 traditional medicinal plants used in Sri Lanka to treat mental disorders. These plants exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties through compounds such as trigonelline, bacosides, asiaticoside, and quercetin.
Gastric cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally, with high incidence rates in Asia, Latin America, and parts of Europe. Screening programs focusing on H. pylori eradication and early detection have shown promise in reducing mortality rates. Emerging research explores serological markers for pre-screening tools and vaccination a...
Research highlights the dynamic interplay between the gut microbiome and aging, with microbiota-dependent mechanisms regulating aging. Microbiome modulation through prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary interventions shows promise in promoting healthy aging.
Natural Killer (NK) cell-based therapies have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies for treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), offering a potential cure with minimal prior antigen sensitization. However, the dysfunction of NK cells in AML patients poses a significant challenge that must be overcome to unlock their full ther...
Huaier has been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including cancer. Its unique chemical composition and molecular mechanisms of action have shown potent antitumor effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Further research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and safety in cancer therapy.
Researchers explore antidiabetic agents, PPAR agonists, FXR agonists, and other novel compounds to target MASLD pathogenesis. Combination therapies may enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects, offering new hope to patients at risk of advanced liver disease.
The TIPS procedure improves renal function in patients with portal hypertension, particularly those with refractory ascites. However, the benefits of TIPS for Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) and Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) are limited due to insufficient data.
Cholestasis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, inflammation, and autophagy impairment. Novel therapeutic agents modulate mitochondrial and bile acid metabolism pathways to improve liver function.
Recent advancements in high-throughput proteomics have unveiled new insights into protein involvement in various cancers. The review explores four key techniques, including mass spectrometry and next-generation tissue microarrays, highlighting their strengths and limitations for large-scale molecular analyses.
The study evaluated 7 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HEV infection, finding significant variability in quality and consistency. The guidelines scored poorly in areas such as stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, and applicability, highlighting the need for improvements.
The development of vaccine adjuvants has evolved significantly, shifting from empirical methods to a more structured approach grounded in rational drug design. This new era emphasizes the importance of understanding structural and functional traits of adjuvants.
Proteolysis targeting chimeras targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) show promise in overcoming challenges of PPAR-targeted therapies. They offer enhanced tumor specificity due to differential E3 ligase expression, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic outcomes.
Established biomarkers such as CRP, ESR, vitamin D, and platelets continue to be vital in IBD management. Novel biomarkers like MAdCAM-1, oncostatin M, NOD2 mutations, and anti-Integrin αvβ6 offer promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting treatment response.
Histopathology laboratories implement Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) programs to minimize errors and ensure accurate test reports. The pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of the testing cycle are critical in minimizing errors and ensuring seamless diagnostic processes.
The underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) technique demonstrates promising outcomes in the treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors, particularly in rectal tumors. UEMR achieves complete histological resection at a lower cost with minimal requirement for advanced endoscopic skills.
Researchers explore fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with multi-target tools showing promising results. These biomarkers hold potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease activity, leading to more effective IBD management.
The article discusses current endoscopic treatment approaches for IBD-related complications, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of techniques like EBD and EMR. These methods offer minimally invasive options but require expertise and careful patient selection.
Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders are complex conditions with a significant impact on children's health and quality of life. The ROME IV criteria facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis, while a multidisciplinary approach to management offers hope for improved outcomes.
Recent research highlights gluten's role in inducing harmful immune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases, including celiac disease and other autoimmune conditions. Gluten withdrawal can alleviate symptoms, while a gluten-free Mediterranean diet may be a healthier alternative for overall nutritional adequacy.
Inflammation in RA leads to altered lipid and lipoprotein profiles, with elevated triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Proinflammatory HDL complexes contribute to the proatherogenic phenotype.
Recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of m6A writers and erasers can significantly impact leukemia development and progression. The study found that targeting these modifications represents a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of leukemic cells.
Yptb utilizes plasmid- and chromosome-encoded proteins to modulate phagocyte activity, promoting bacterial survival and liver colonization. YopM selectively targets inflammatory cells, reducing inflammation and stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Automated systems with machine learning capabilities improve diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency in laboratory medicine. However, ensuring data security, preventing biases in ML models, and maintaining transparency are key concerns.
The International System for reporting serous fluid cytopathology aims to standardize diagnostic criteria and improve communication between pathologists and clinicians. The system categorizes samples into five categories: Nondiagnostic, Negative for Malignancy, Atypia of Uncertain Significance, Suspicious for Malignancy, and Malignant.
Esophageal cancer is a major public health concern in China, with late diagnoses contributing to poor prognosis. Early detection through screening methods like endoscopy and biomarker detection has shown significant outcomes, particularly in high-risk areas.
Researchers used low-cost videoscopes to create high-quality 'oral selfies' for OPSCC screening, demonstrating their feasibility and effectiveness. The study's findings support the potential of these devices as a viable tool for widespread screening in resource-limited settings.
The field of cancer immunotherapy is advancing with innovations in precision medicine, including adoptive cell transfer therapy, TCR-engineered T cells, and natural killer cell therapy. Therapeutic vaccines are also being developed to target specific cancer antigens, offering new treatment options for patients.
The use of herbal-based nutraceuticals is gaining popularity in India as a complementary approach to manage lifestyle diseases. These natural products, derived from plants traditionally used in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine, are perceived to have fewer side effects compared to pharmaceutical drugs.
The review explores the progression of oral leukoplakia to oral squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting genetic and epigenomic alterations, as well as sample collection methods for research and diagnosis. Advances in sequencing technologies and single-cell analyses are providing deeper insights into cancer progression.
Recent advances highlight PIK3CA mutation significance in determining targeted therapy efficacy, particularly in advanced breast cancer. Molecular signatures and genetic profiles drive personalized treatment strategies, with emerging therapies offering new hope for patients.
Early oral cancer detection improves patient outcomes and reduces mortality. Advanced technologies like imaging and AI enhance the accuracy of traditional screening methods.
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a nodular growth pattern and distinctive lymphocyte-predominant cells. The disease typically presents with localized lymphadenopathy and an indolent course, but can transform into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in approximately...
This systematic review examines current methodologies and updates in early diagnosis practices for HNSCC, highlighting the need for effective screening methods. Effective early diagnostic practices will significantly impact patient outcomes, reducing the burden of HNSCC and enhancing quality of life.
Protein misfolding is a critical factor in neurodegenerative diseases. CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows precise modifications of genes associated with these disorders, potentially halting or reversing disease progression.
EZH2 plays a multifaceted role in cancer biology, influencing both tumor and immune cells. Its inhibition has shown synergistic effects with various immunotherapies, offering new avenues for treating resistant cancers. Ongoing research aims to elucidate the mechanisms of EZH2 modulation and develop targeted inhibitors.
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been adapted for genome visualization, enabling the study of chromatin dynamics and genome organization in living cells. Recent advancements have expanded its applications to live cell imaging, providing a robust tool for visualizing genomic loci.
Research reveals a link between epigenetic factors and metabolic syndrome, highlighting the critical role of the hypothalamus in regulating energy balance. Studies show that maternal obesity can reprogram offspring's metabolism through epigenetic modifications.
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes can lower cancer risk by repairing cells and reducing inflammation. Further research is necessary to clarify the relationships between diet, supplements, and cancer prevention.
The TGF-β and HIPPO pathways interact to regulate liver development, size, and regeneration. Their dysregulation contributes to liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer.
MicroRNAs regulate liver regeneration by controlling gene expression associated with cell proliferation and liver repair. Recent studies identify new potential molecular targets for diagnosing and treating liver diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based therapies.
β-Thalassemia patients experience iron overload due to increased intestinal absorption and transfusions, leading to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Chelation therapy is the cornerstone of treatment, but novel therapeutic strategies are needed to optimize patient outcomes.
The review highlights the controversy surrounding asbestos-related research and the varying results on its carcinogenicity. It emphasizes the need for high-quality, independent studies to resolve existing debates and inform public health policies.
Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA mutations is a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC, with potential benefits including restored cellular metabolism and reduced cancer progression. Research has focused on pharmacological approaches to target the electron transport chain and AMPK-dependent pathways, offering novel treatme...
Cadmium toxicity is associated with miRNA dysregulation, influencing disease progression. Research highlights specific miRNAs as biomarkers for Cd exposure and health effects.
Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, with over 443,000 deaths annually projected by 2030. Widespread HPV vaccination and regular screening are crucial in preventing infections and early detection of abnormalities.
Research reveals the critical role of epigenetic regulation in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis. Key findings include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs modulating HSC activation, with potential therapeutic implications for NAFLD.
The emergence of recombinant variants like Deltacron, XE, XD, and XF has led to enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities. These variants result from co-circulating Delta and Omicron strains, allowing coinfections and eventual recombination.
The study reveals that non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play a crucial role in regulating the Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer. These molecules can modulate gene expression and affect cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
Colorectal cancer treatment is limited by existing therapies, but epigenetic modifiers offer a novel approach. DNMT and TET inhibitors have been identified as promising therapeutic strategies to restore normal gene function and combat CRC.
Cyclophosphamide (CP) induces reproductive toxicity through genetic stability disruption, hormonal imbalance, and cytotoxic effects on spermatogenesis. This leads to decreased testis weight, oligozoospermia, birth defects, and heritable chromosomal translocations.