Articles tagged with Descriptive Statistics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers reveal that contradictory findings on territorial self-governance and ethnic civil war risk are primarily due to variations in measurement definitions. The study highlights the importance of considering the nuances of data choice in understanding conflict resolution.
A Mayo Clinic study found a widening global gap between lifespan and healthspan, with the US and women experiencing the largest disparities. The research suggests that while people are living longer, they are not necessarily living healthier lives.
The Funding Atlas 2024 shows an increase in university funding from €26.7 billion in 2022 to €28.4 billion in 2019, with third-party funding rising by 19.1% over the same period. The federal government is the largest source of third-party funding, while industry share continues to decline.
Researchers at Cornell University used novel statistical calculations to estimate the age of asteroid Selam, finding it to be 2-3 million years old. The method complements traditional crater counting and has advantages in accuracy and applicability to other binary systems.
Princeton Chemist Salvatore Torquato and astrophysicist Oliver Philcox applied statistical mechanics to find similarities in galaxy distribution across length scales. They used new descriptors to characterize structural data, revealing a correlated disorder in the spatial relationships between galaxies.
Researchers at the University of Oldenburg have developed a new statistical model that accurately describes wind turbulence and generates fully three-dimensional wind fields using limited measurement points. This breakthrough enables precise wind turbine load estimation and improves wind farm planning, with applications in various fiel...
KAUST researchers have developed a flexible statistical model to analyze environmental data, revealing niches where existing methods fall short. The study provides a new approach to modeling dependence structures, highlighting the importance of understanding model limitations and extrapolation beyond observed data.
A retrospective study found that the upgrade rate of architectural distortion on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to malignancy was 10.2% for radial scars without atypia and 28.2% for those with atypia. Imaging surveillance is considered an alternative to surgery for these cases.
A new method, ONEST, was developed to assess the performance of diagnostic tests with multiple observers. The method helps determine if adding more observers causes agreement to plateau, indicating an unreliable test or a minimum number needed for stable estimation.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology found evidence of editorial bias and nepotism in some biomedical journals, where a few authors, often on the editorial board, dominate publications and receive preferential treatment.
Researchers developed three criteria to assess loss of prediction efficiency when modeling large spatial datasets. The tool, called TLR estimation method, provides insight into 'fit' of approximation parameters and prediction variability.
Ivan Corwin, a recent Ph.D. from NYU, and Jack Thorne, a Harvard University PhD candidate, were selected for their research achievements in probability, algebraic number theory, and representation theory. They will receive funding for one to five years to support their mathematical research.
Researchers controlled cell orientation on a micropatterned surface based on a delicate material technique. The study used photolithography to generate a surface with cell-adhesive stripes in an adhesion-resistant background, allowing for semi-quantitative description of cell orientation.
Statistics expert Utts identifies seven common ways statistics are misinterpreted in news reports, including confusion about cause-and-effect relationships. She advises readers to consider possible alternate explanations when interpreting observational studies.
Recent studies by Max Planck researchers found that presenting statistical information in 'natural frequencies' rather than probabilities improves experts' ability to reach correct conclusions. This method makes it easier for people to understand risk, leading to increased accuracy in medical diagnoses and criminal verdicts.
Researchers at the Naval Surface Warfare Center are developing new statistical techniques to aid human operators in detecting and defending computer networks against intrusion. The new algorithms will filter out access attempts from strange places or at strange hours, or any attempts asking for unusual information.
A team of Penn State researchers is reacquainting old friends by integrating statistical principles back into astronomy. They are using advanced methods such as time series analysis, sampling theory, and nonlinear regressions to tackle complex problems like large-scale clustering of galaxies and the internal structure of the sun.