Articles tagged with Information Technology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study proposes strategies to share health information across systems, eliminating duplicate tests and providing real-time information. The goal is to bridge the gap between current standards of care and optimal care through effective use of technology.
Dr. Peter Worcester is being recognized for his contributions to acoustical oceanography, tomographic inverse methods, and leadership in the US ocean acoustics community. He has led numerous experimental programs to develop and use tomography, including notable experiments north of Hawaii and in the Greenland Sea.
The new ACM report outlines best practices for managing voter registration databases to prevent hacking attacks, massive failures, severe privacy violations, and erosion of confidence. The guidelines aim to ensure the reliability and usability of voter databases by adopting transparent policies, setting clear accountabilities, establis...
The US healthcare system faces significant challenges, with high costs and a growing number of uninsured individuals. Bush's proposed initiatives are unlikely to address these issues, as electronic records may not significantly reduce health costs and HSAs could exacerbate the problem.
Researchers at Florida Tech are developing ICT-based care systems to promote social connections and aging-in-place for caregivers. The project uses PocketPCs and Web interfaces to bridge time and space barriers.
Journal of Clinical Densitometry will be published by Elsevier, offering print and electronic publishing services. Members of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry will continue to receive the print edition, and online access will be available through a dedicated website.
Researchers successfully produced fusion neutrons using sonofusion without an external neutron source, verifying the presence of nuclear emissions. The new setup used natural uranium to produce bubbles through radioactive decay, obviating the need for an external neutron source.
Businesses have successfully implemented agent-based systems to boost productivity, such as a factory floor that increased production by 10% and a shipping company that improved its route management through simulations. However, challenges remain in adopting these technologies, including cultural and conceptual barriers, as well as the...
The US Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate has established five Regional Visualization and Analytics Centers to improve homeland security. Four universities will focus on developing techniques, tools, and collaboration to analyze large multimedia databases and extract relevant information.
Researchers will develop methods to derive and exploit information from diverse data forms, link this information with stored knowledge and analytical reasoning practices, and provide cognitive readiness support. The Penn State team will also apply a cognitive science approach to understanding visual tool usage, enhancing the role of t...
The UNC Charlotte and Georgia Tech partnership will create an artificial reasoning system to analyze enormous multimedia databases and provide effective intelligence analysis and decision-making support. The system will be integrated with human analyst interaction to structure data, organize it, and ultimately understand it.
The NIST Special Publication 800-21-1 provides guidelines for implementing cryptography in the federal government. The publication aims to improve IT security and facilitate FISMA compliance among federal agencies, ensuring protection of sensitive information and systems.
The study reveals that information technologies have increased the quantity of available information in real estate, leading to better-informed consumers who demand specialized services. Virtual tours, online bidding, and national competition have also resulted in additional specializations for professionals and new business models.
The 'play' model of information system design emphasizes collaboration between users and designers to accommodate diverse perspectives. By acknowledging inconsistent views, IT systems can reflect real-world complexities and avoid 'one size fits all' problems.
The GridWise Demonstration project tests new electric grid technologies that enable consumers to make informed decisions about their energy use. Researchers will analyze how customers react to real-time pricing information and smart appliances, aiming to reduce power demand during peak hours and prevent widespread outages.
PlasmaSol developed Capillary Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma technology at Stevens, which has large market potential in environmental applications. The company secured major contracts with the US Army and NASA after conducting a marketability study.
The Navy has recognized four inventors for their Terrain Awareness Warning System (eTAWS), which has saved two F/A-18 aircraft and their crews. The technology is now installed in over 200 aircraft and could reduce the Navy's mishap rate by up to 90%, saving approximately $304 million.
A Swedish study found that peacetime grenade stockpiling leads to environmental harm from metal mining and explosive residues. Replacing plastic with copper could make grenades more environmentally friendly, according to the authors.
A team of researchers, including Virginia Tech experts, has developed a concept for technology to obtain verifiable parental consent for children's online transactions. The system offers flexibility, accountability, and user-friendliness, making it a promising solution to protect children's online privacy.
Penn researchers have identified vulnerabilities in loop extender taps and CALEA tapping technologies, which can be exploited to counterwiretap signals. They recommend that law enforcement agencies and telecommunications companies take measures to secure their equipment and prevent signaling countermeasures.
The UK's top science stories highlight significant advancements in bone health technology, underwater archaeology, and superconductors. These innovations hold promise for improving human health, enhancing technological capabilities, and shaping the nation's future economic development.
Researchers at NIST are working on 'intelligent' building systems that provide real-time data to firefighters and police, enhancing their response to emergencies. These systems will send information such as floor plans and sensor data directly to dispatchers, enabling more accurate assessments and mitigation of emergencies.
A Rensselaer researcher has been awarded $845,000 in federal funding to improve computer representations of terrain on the Earth's surface. The research aims to reduce errors in commercial mapping products and enhance navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles.
The Health Care Standards Landscape (HCSL) is a comprehensive source of information on health care standards, providing real and sample data to demonstrate its capabilities. Organizations such as the Agency for Health Research and Quality are collaborating with NIST on this project.
A Dartmouth professor warns that GIS technology can be used to manipulate election results, as state legislatures have incentives to use partisan information but few incentives to respect communities of interest. Nonpartisan redistricting commissions may offer a solution, but clear rules are needed to ensure fair representation.
Despite problems with user-developed software, Rosson highlights its potential benefits, including short-circuiting the software development lifecycle and promoting personal growth. She advocates for improved software tools to support testing, debugging, and overall design, enabling web developers to create reliable systems
A framework based on four facets of activity awareness helps emergency management workers rescue families stranded by flood waters, while a grant from the UPS Foundation funded the presentation. The lecture emphasized the need for better data sharing and explanation among collaborators to evaluate joint outcomes.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is partnering with the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to lead a national environmental monitoring capability. The CLEANER project aims to develop technology and infrastructure for effective prediction of environmental changes.
A team of experts is investigating the damage caused by wind-driven waves and overtopping, as well as emergency patch effectiveness and decision-making processes behind levee configurations. The study aims to improve levee design to withstand potential terrorist attacks and natural disasters.
Scientists on the IODP Tahiti expedition are analyzing fossil corals to study past global sea level changes and their impact on climate. The research aims to understand the effects of human activity on Earth's environment by examining coral records from a tectonically stable region.
The SNM/GE Healthcare Visiting Physician/Scientist Program Grant will provide educational enrichment in China and India through one- to two-week visits. Clinical centers, hospitals, academic institutions can apply for funding to support nuclear medicine/molecular imaging training and consulting.
A study found that students with higher emotional intelligence had more self-efficacy, which enhanced their academic performance. Researchers suggest that emotional intelligence training could be added to computing curricula to improve student outcomes.
The research aims to design and test protocols that incentivize participants to follow rules, reducing misbehavior in settings where users act in their own best interests. Incentive-compatible solutions can provide robust security at a lower cost.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are exploring nanomechanical systems with a $1.15 million NSF grant. They aim to develop energy-efficient light emitters, solar cells, and sensitive sensors using nano springs, rods, and beams.
The ULTRA AP concept vehicle combines proven technologies with advanced materials and engineering concepts to enhance survivability and mobility. The design incorporates novel armor designs, blast protection, and on-board computers for improved safety and performance.
A team of researchers, including Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has developed a network of distributed sensing devices and water-monitoring robots that use solar power to extend their deployment time. This technology will enable the detection of chemical and biological trends in lakes, rivers, and waterways to improve water quality ...
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute President Shirley Ann Jackson warns of a growing science, engineering, and technology talent gap in the US. She emphasizes the need for a national commitment to develop more science, engineering, and technology talent from underrepresented groups.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a program to facilitate the development and sharing of security configuration checklists. The program provides guidelines for creating more effective checklists and includes an easy-to-use repository of existing checklists.
A new tool developed by McGown could help answer questions about the role of G-quartets in health and disease, including their connection to diabetes. The study aims to identify new biomarkers and medical therapies.
The Next Generation CiteSeer project will expand the database, add services, and provide opportunities for joint authoring. The new architecture will be open source, enabling easier use and greater access to metadata.
A unique program at Stevens Institute of Technology addresses the need for in-depth understanding of sourcing's four key aspects: governance, legal issues, relationship management, and organizational impact. Preliminary research aims to understand current and future IT skills and capabilities needs.
A medical implantable chip has been shown to be effective in preventing unwanted medical interventions by providing a secure way for caregivers to identify patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, the technology raises significant legal, ethical, and technological concerns that must be addressed before it can be widely adopted.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has released a draft federal IT security standard, FIPS Publication 200, to aid in FISMA compliance. The document provides guidelines for minimum security requirements and a risk-based approach for selecting security controls.
The study found that Medicare beneficiaries received lower rates of preventive services, with strong associations between practice type and revenue from Medicaid. Practices with less than 6% of revenue from Medicaid were more likely to provide certain preventive services, while those with high percentages were less likely.
Despite similar educational backgrounds, IT women earn on average $15,000 less than men and are 2.5 times more likely to leave the industry. Organizations need to recognize these differences and provide support for part-time work arrangements, job sharing, and child-care subsidies.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed two augmented reality systems to improve communication between automated inspection systems and workers who trim birds on processing lines. The systems use location-tracked displays or laser scanners to project graphical instructions, providing advance warning of workload and reducing errors.
A study by Penn State researchers found that 80% of participants preferred organic search results over sponsored links. Despite identical content, participants rated sponsored links as less relevant due to biased perception. To address this, businesses should prioritize organic visibility alongside paid advertising.
A new protocol provides incentives for federal agencies to trust each other and share accurate, complete information in a timely manner. This increases the efficiency of information sharing and builds trust between organizations.
Smart Border policies in the US are criticized for their limited innovation, economic ramifications, and disruption to local communities. The study highlights the flaws in counterterrorism technologies and the need for a more comprehensive approach to border control.
Researchers found that P putida can transform mustard by-product toxins, decreasing their levels by up to 83%. This biotechnological method offers maximum environmental safety by degrading pollutants into harmless products. The bacteria strain could be used in plant-microbial associations for future remediation of contaminated soils.
Belanger will teach a master's level class on strategic information systems and conduct doctoral seminars at the Technical University of Lisbon's School of Business and Economics. She focuses on telecommunication technologies in organizations, particularly distributed work and electronic commerce.
A Penn study will compare two heart failure management technologies to reduce emergency room visits and improve patient outcomes. The study aims to assess the impact of health information technologies on clinical and financial outcomes for patients with symptomatic heart failure.
Researchers developed an automated, personalized assistance system that monitors users' query patterns and provides help in finding needed information. The system achieved a 54% implementation rate among college students, outperforming passive help systems.
The XCCDF specification document provides a flexible, vendor-neutral format for measuring conformance to security benchmarks and generating records of benchmark tests. NIST is developing computer security checklists for widely used government agencies with the help of organizations like NSA and DHS.
The Global Technology Confidence Index reached a new high in Q4 2004, driven by strong increases in Latin America and North America. Meanwhile, executives prioritize innovation management and technology alignment for business growth.
A Stanford study analyzed 40 ads for body scans and found that virtually none presented a balanced picture. The researchers recommend guidelines requiring more detailed information to be available to consumers, who are capable of being savvy consumers of medical technology.
Sandia is testing five innovative arsenic-removal technologies at a geothermal spring in Socorro, New Mexico, as part of the Arsenic Water Technology Partnership. The pilot test aims to develop cost-effective water treatment solutions for small communities impacted by the new EPA standard.
The Global Technology Confidence Index post-election survey found that US tech firms are optimistic about the re-election of President Bush, with over half believing it will benefit their industry. The report also revealed mixed views on business and technology confidence, with some regions experiencing a sharp decline in optimism.
The development of spun carbon nanotube yarns has the potential to revolutionize engineered fabrics due to their excellent strength, toughness, and electrical/thermal conductivities. The new material is being explored for production of vests, soft body armor, medical devices, and other applications.
QFilter uses non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) to filter out parts of queries asking for unauthorized access, significantly improving query-response time. The technology offers a practical solution to the ongoing problem of database access controls without requiring substantial changes to existing databases.