Articles tagged with Information Technology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new framework for assessing multi-user, computer-supported cooperative systems is proposed by researchers at Penn State. They found that students who had better awareness of their collaborators' activities were more effective in collaborating on science projects. The study introduced new system features to support improved awareness ...
Researchers are studying the impact of electronic medical records on patient care for diabetes patients in Cleveland. The study aims to improve decision-making and outcomes by providing real-time alerts and decision-support tools for physicians.
A new study co-authored by Ann Mooney explores how CEO job demands influence strategic decisions and leader behaviors. The research reveals that varying levels of demand facing top executives are shaped by three factors: task challenges, performance challenges, and executive aspirations.
The AEX XML Schemas specify ways to express equipment requirements, enabling seamless data exchange and automating design collaboration. NIST and FIATECH plan to extend the standard to cover more types of equipment.
The Global Technology Confidence Index fell back to its lowest level for a year, with Japan and Europe experiencing significant downturns. In contrast, China's business confidence index showed an upward trend, indicating a surge in sales growth.
The ENCODE project aims to build a comprehensive 'parts list' of human DNA's sequence-based functional elements, including protein-coding genes and regulatory elements. The initiative will analyze the remaining 99% of the human genome using novel methods and technologies.
Indiana University is a national leader in new federal funding for health information technology, aiming to improve healthcare quality, safety, and efficiency. The state has received $6.5 million to develop and implement a statewide health information network.
The UK has played a significant role in CERN's history, contributing to groundbreaking research and technological advancements. The laboratory continues to be a hub for scientific discovery, with ongoing experiments searching for the Higgs boson and exploring dark matter.
A pilot project by Voxiva and PATH aims to track and reduce Japanese encephalitis incidence through improved surveillance and response. The system uses phone and web-based technology to collect and analyze data, enabling health officials to respond quickly to reported cases and identify outbreaks.
The NSF has awarded over $130 million to 120 new projects tackling various topics including interactive ocean observatories, stress corrosion cracking, and secure access to confidential social science data. The funding aims to advance science and engineering, economic prosperity, and national security.
Srinidhi Varadarajan designed a record-breaking, low-cost supercomputer that transformed the industry with its innovative use of off-the-shelf products. His work has opened doors to affordable high-performance computing for major research universities and enterprises.
The Virginia Tech Geospatial Center provides a statewide ESRI site license, resulting in cost savings and increased availability of GIS software. This collaboration also enhances economic development, environmental projects, and good governance across state agencies and localities.
Researchers found that a significant percentage of microarray probes don't match the latest RefSeq database information, leading to inaccurate results. Sequence-verified probes perform more consistently and accurately, improving diagnostic power and analysis of existing data sets.
iHOP, developed by Spanish scientists, is a gene-guided network system that converts 14 million PubMed abstracts into an interlinked resource. The system uses novel text-mining technology to detect biomedical entities and connect distant medical concepts through few intermediate genes.
The study found that a lack of universally accepted supply chain standards costs the auto industry over $5 billion annually and the electronics industry almost $3.9 billion. The lack of interoperability leads to duplicated efforts, redundant systems, and inefficient processes.
A study analyzing 3 million records from Alta Vista in 2002 found that consumers who used the interface had fewer queries per session and used fewer terms per query. The researchers suggest that radio buttons can help with information overload, but widespread adoption is hindered by technical issues and lack of individual site use.
The Global Justice XML Data Model, released in Version 3.0, enables efficient data sharing between federal, state, and local agencies. By providing a common language and vocabulary, the model allows for automatic translation of information across different systems, facilitating faster response to potential criminal and terrorist activity.
Researchers found that visual perception can stabilize in ambiguous conditions, independent of the memory of object identity. The mechanism underlying this stabilization is linked to the removal of local adaptation and depends on the stimulus location.
Science.gov 2.0 enhances the interagency science portal, searching 47 million pages of government R&D results in relevancy-ranked order. The new metasearch technology brings together the 30 largest databases, making them searchable via a single query.
A Georgia Institute of Technology study found that older adults are willing to sacrifice some privacy for technologies that enable them to live independently longer. The study evaluated various technologies, including Cook's Collage and FaceBot, which sparked both positive and negative reactions among participants.
Researchers at NCAR/University of Colorado Denver aim to create a system that sends real-time maps and predictions of wildfires to frontline firefighters. The team will use supercomputers, satellite and sensor monitoring, and meteorology to develop tools to warn firefighters about wildfire behavior.
STN International has launched Derwent World Patents Index First View, providing early access to the latest published patent documents. This new alerting companion file offers a comprehensive and timely overview of global patenting activity when used with Derwent World Patents Index.
A portable, wearable device called Tyflos enables visually impaired individuals to conduct daily tasks efficiently. The device uses computer vision and robotics technology to convert images into audio information, allowing users to navigate and interact with their environment.
The gift will establish a comprehensive center utilizing information technology to connect basic research and biological systems analysis. This will enable scientists to build on recent scientific developments, gain insights into biological function in health and diseases.
Researchers have developed materials that enable wavelength division multiplexing, transmitting 5 terabits of data per second. These new materials require less than one-fifth the voltage needed for standard lithium niobate crystals, improving performance by nearly fivefold in just four years.
The new standard provides detailed guidance on categorizing systems and assessing potential impact of security breaches. It will help agencies make informed decisions and implement cost-effective security measures, complemented by a companion standard specifying minimum federal system requirements.
The next generation of speech recognizers will go beyond conversion to text, using information detectors that provide a machine with digestible information. Researchers are working on new mathematical algorithms and paradigms to tackle the broader problem of human-to-machine and machine-to-human speech.
Dr. Latanya Sweeney's research focuses on de-identifying medical data to share for bio-terrorism surveillance while maintaining individual privacy protection. Her 'Privacert De-identification' software provides easy-to-use automated tools to render data sufficiently anonymous, preventing potential abuses.
The US will need to invest $450 billion in conventional electric infrastructure to meet growing demand by 20 years, but a smart energy approach can reduce this cost. By leveraging info tech, PNNL engineers aim to minimize new infrastructure, lower rates, and enhance grid security.
Two LSU professors are working to develop survivable sensor networks that can collect valuable data during disasters, which could be used in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and national security projects. The researchers also aim to ensure secure data transmission through methods like anonymous email tracking.
The Navy is testing a blog as part of the Defense Acquisition Incentive-Net Centricity (RAI-NC) initiative to speed up the exchange of information on new defense technologies. The pilot program, developed by Traction Software, enables users to post proprietary data and distribute general information among team members.
Virginia Tech researchers are developing wireless video sensor networks that can provide real-time visual data in critical situations. The goal is to improve the government's ability to prevent, detect, and respond to natural and man-made disasters.
The Virginia Tech 'X' supercomputer boasts 10.28 teraflops performance, a remarkable feat considering its construction took just two months and $5.2 million price tag. This achievement ranks X as the third fastest globally, outperforming many high-end supercomputers
The nTag device uses infrared links and RFID chips to connect people with common interests, alerting them to potential matches. Despite some initial issues, most delegates were impressed with the service, exchanging over 3,600 business cards during the event.
Research in the Journal of Industrial Ecology reveals that seemingly small e-commerce decisions can have significant environmental impacts, often shifting from positive to negative effects. Positive IT effects are typically limited to 5-20% reductions in pollution or energy use.
Stevens Institute of Technology has been ranked as the most connected campus in the nation, with a robust wired and wireless network. The university is expanding its network with its new Babbio Center for Technology Management, which will provide state-of-the-art facilities for leading-edge education in business and technology management.
A new software tool, LoopDA, allows architects and engineers to determine the size of natural ventilation openings needed for desired airflow rates. The program uses an engineering-based design process to control indoor air quality and thermal comfort.
A two-year study examines factors influencing female students' entry into and exit from RIT's IT program, comparing them to those in CS programs. The research aims to inform strategies for improving female student retention in IT departments.
Researchers analyzed over 450,000 web queries, finding half of users enter only one query with 54% viewing just one page of results. Site developers can improve odds by getting indexed by all search engines and crafting clear abstracts about their site's purpose.
The Virginia Tech program aims to develop improved wildlife management strategies for chimpanzee populations in east Africa. Researchers will use a multidisciplinary approach, combining data collection with information sharing and education.
Researchers studied business models adopted by European mobile operators, finding that interfirm networks offering content services can provide a competitive advantage. The study explores three models and their impact on the role of customers and content providers.
Dr. Thomas Rossby is recognized for his groundbreaking acoustically tracked floats and innovative methods to measure ocean currents, offering new insights into the North Atlantic circulation. His work has revolutionized our understanding of physical ocean processes using sound in the sea.
A Penn State researcher found that few churches have adopted IT tools, leaving them out of funding opportunities. Churches can provide digital literacy to bridge the digital divide and support urban areas.
A recent study by Dr. Lynette Kvasny found that minority women view technology training as empowering, enabling them to connect with their children and overcome poverty and social alienation. They see IT skills as a means to transform and shape inner-city communities, rather than just advancing in the workplace.
The Phone and Go service is a pioneering example of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) services, utilizing information technology to facilitate greater responsiveness. Early indications show that the service is proving successful in rural areas with few existing bus links, offering passengers flexibility and convenience.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a prototype software program called InfoCanvas, which creates an abstract pictorial representation of information people want to monitor. The canvas displays on a separate monitor and uses icons to represent different data elements, gradually changing as information updates.
A prototype PDA system made shopping easier and more efficient for participants, who appreciated the ability to identify item locations. However, difficulty holding the device while shopping was a drawback, prompting designers to create an alternative cart-mounted version.
The PNNL-developed microscale fuel processor, the smallest integrated catalytic fuel reformer in the world, provides a low-watt power source for hand-held devices. This compact system enables soldiers to operate essential electronic equipment without added weight or bulk.
Researchers from Delft University of Technology found that reinforced high-strength concrete cracks less quickly than previously believed. By omitting extra steps during the hardening process, costs can be saved and environmental impact reduced.
A new personal chemical agent detector has been developed using a hybrid of sensor technologies, offering high sensitivity and fast reaction time. The device is reusable, can differentiate between warfare agent threats and background environments, and requires minimal power.
The Office of Naval Research will host a venture initiative called the 'wargame,' which aims to improve the technology transition process. The game will examine venture capital decision-making and mechanisms for engaging the venture capital community.
Dalton's research team has developed new theory about the chemical behavior of solids, leading to innovative materials with effortless conversion capabilities. These materials have applications in intelligent sensors, remote monitoring, and medical diagnosis, as well as routing information on mobile military platforms.
The Office of Naval Research conducted a technology transition 'wargame' to explore approaches for rapid spin-out of emerging technologies into the commercial sector. The exercise examined three different models, including traditional government office, not-for-profit corporation, and for-profit company models.
A new protocol developed by Penn State professor Jonghun Park can allocate resources up to 10 times faster than existing technology. The decentralized protocol allows for efficient resource allocation, solves deadlock and livelock problems, and enables collaboration across multiple independent organizations.
The Navy's new concept, FORCEnet, focuses on integrating long-haul networks, knowledge management tools, and wireless technologies to support warfighters in the field. This initiative aims to provide real-time information advantage and enhance combat operations.
The Office of Naval Research has developed a new missile called the Affordable Weapon, designed to carry a significant payload to a target several hundred miles away. Equipped with GPS navigation and line-of-sight data links, the Affordable Weapon can fly directly to its target or loiter until directed by a forward observer.
Researchers have developed a reusable multi-agent infrastructure called RETSINA, which enables teams of intelligent agents to work together autonomously. This allows for more efficient collaboration among humans and agents in joint mission planning and execution.
Researchers at UC Davis are developing optical CDMA devices that encode information across a spread of wavelengths for fast and secure telecommunications. This technology has the potential to improve network security and provide faster connections.
Researchers from Indiana University unveiled innovative tools, including GeoMapper and Warscope, to display geographic information and locate network devices. The displays demonstrate collaboration among top universities in the state.
A survey by the Economic & Social Research Council found that many employers are reluctant to offer innovative non-financial benefits, such as day care programs or financial assistance for childcare. Only a few percent of establishments planned to introduce improvements in these areas in the next year.