Type 1 diabetes and the microbiota: MAIT cells as biomarkers and new therapeutic targets
Altered MAIT cell concentration and function are linked to T1D pathogenesis, compromising gut mucosa homeostasis and favoring autoimmune responses.
Biomarkers
Articles tagged with Biomarkers
Life Sciences
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'Ideal biomarker' detects Alzheimer's disease before the onset of symptoms
A new biomarker detects Alzheimer's disease in its preclinical phase, identifying individuals with impaired neuropsychological and neurophysiological functions. The discovery has high accuracy and sensitivity, offering a promising approach to early diagnosis and treatment.
Local researcher studying cognitive decline in hopes of discovering biomarker
Boston University School of Medicine researcher Hugo J. Aparicio is studying the associations between novel vascular biomarkers and cognitive dysfunction in a community-based study. The goal is to identify potential biomarkers for aging-related dementia, which could lead to earlier detection and treatment.
The benefits & dangers when genetic testing companies partner with orphan drug developers
The partnership between genetic testing companies and orphan drug developers has both positive and negative implications. On the one hand, it can lead to faster diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases. However, there are also concerns over patient privacy and potential price-gouging due to rising healthcare costs.
Novel assay shows promise for non-invasive detection of PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells
Researchers developed a microfluidics-based approach to detect PD-L1 and other biomarkers in patient blood samples. The novel assay demonstrated a mean detection rate of 22.8% for PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels, offering promise for non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
UMass Amherst epidemiologist will seek hormone biomarkers of breast cancer risk
Dr. Hankinson aims to improve breast cancer risk prediction by analyzing blood samples from thousands of NHS participants and studying the insulin pathway. She hopes to validate new hormonal biomarkers that can help identify high-risk women who may benefit from risk reduction efforts.
Thirdhand smoke exposure effects on liver and brain found to worsen over time
Researchers found that thirdhand smoke exposure causes significant health effects in mice as early as one month after initiation of exposure, including liver damage and insulin resistance. The effects worsen with time, with stress hormones increasing and immune fatigue developing at longer exposure durations.
Study shows new biomarker could predict which pregnant women with type 1 diabetes could develop pre-eclampsia
A new biomarker, LRG1, can predict the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, increasing their risk by 4 times. The study found that LRG1 levels were significantly higher in women who developed PE compared to those who did not.
Alzheimer's disease biomarker identified across test sites
A new study has demonstrated the potential of using a frequency distribution-based index of brain functional connectivity as a biomarker for detecting Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The findings show good accuracy across databases and test sites, offering promise for widespread clinical usage.
To improve health monitoring, simply trip the 'nanoswitch'
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have developed a new DNA nanoswitch platform that can detect biomarkers associated with different diseases, viral strains, and genetic variabilities. The NLISA system uses gel electrophoresis to screen synthesized DNA reagents that change shape in the presence of a specific biomarker.
Study: Biomarkers as predictive of sepsis as lengthy patient monitoring
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that measuring five key biomarkers in blood can quickly identify patients with sepsis, potentially saving lives. The researchers used machine learning models to determine the predictive power of using traditional vital sign data, biomarkers alone, or a combination of both.
Rugby players take part in ground-breaking concussion study
A ground-breaking concussion study is underway, involving rugby players, to develop a rapid test for diagnosing concussions. The test, which measures biomarkers present in saliva and urine, has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of brain trauma, particularly in sports.
New therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis pain
Researchers discuss evolving treatments and future therapies for osteoarthritis pain, highlighting the limitations of existing treatments and introducing new potential treatment targets. Combination therapies and biomarkers are also explored as promising approaches to improve effective pain treatment.
Putting it to the test
Researchers have developed a rapid portable test for liver cancer that can detect the disease in two minutes and can be administered wherever the patient is. The test uses gold nanoparticles to trap biomarkers from biological fluids, making it a potential game-changer in combating this deadly disease.
Self-powered paper-based 'SPEDs' may lead to new medical-diagnostic tools
Researchers developed self-powered, paper-based devices that detect biomarkers and identify diseases with high accuracy. The devices use electrochemical analyses powered by the user's touch and can be used in remote villages or military bases without requiring electricity or additional equipment.
Precision medicine opens the door to scientific wellness preventive approaches to suicide
Researchers have developed a more precise way of diagnosing suicide risk by identifying biomarkers in blood that change in concert with changes in suicidal thoughts. A refined set of biomarkers applies universally to predict risk of suicide among both male and female patients, while others are specific to diagnoses and genders.
In terms of health, having any job is not necessarily better than not having a job
Researchers studied health effects of job transition on employed vs unemployed adults, finding that poor quality work was linked to higher chronic stress biomarkers and worse physical health. Good quality work, however, was associated with improved mental health scores.
New biomarker found for group of rare metabolic diseases
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker associated with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of rare genetic disorders. Elevated CSF spermine levels were linked to CNS symptoms in patients, providing a potential diagnostic tool and target for novel therapeutics.
Scientists discover biomarkers which could lead to better treatments for CF patients
Researchers have identified two new biological markers of cystic fibrosis, which could lead to improved prognosis and better therapies for patients. The biomarkers were discovered through a specialized technique developed at McMaster University, where scientists collected and analyzed sweat samples from infants in CF clinics.
Newly discovered biomarkers may lead to promising diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's
Researchers at Ohio State University have identified new physical biomarkers that can help confirm a diagnosis and predict disease progression. The study uses changes in proteins found in spinal fluid and blood to rate the severity of illness, identifying stages and progression with increased reliability.
Scientists uncover biogeochemical controls on occurrence and distribution of PACs in coals
Researchers found that PACs mainly derive from biosynthetic compounds of high plants and microbial/fungal precursors. The occurrence of PACs is affected by coal rank, origins, depositional environment, formation history, and geological ages.
A genetic variation may increase tuberculosis susceptibility
Researchers discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hepcidin promoter gene associated with increased susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This genetic variation leads to decreased hepcidin production, impairing macrophage function and allowing M. tuberculosis to spread to other areas of the body.
Innovative nanosensor for disease diagnosis
A research team at KAIST developed diagnostic sensors using protein-encapsulated nanocatalysts to analyze human exhaled breath and diagnose diseases. The sensors achieved high sensitivity and selectivity, detecting biomarker gases related to diseases with improved performance compared to conventional platinum-based catalysts.
How social rank can trigger vulnerability to stress
Researchers found that social rank triggers differential vulnerability to chronic stress and identifies brain energy metabolism as a predictive biomarker. The study showed that dominant mice display susceptibility to stress through social avoidance, while subordinate mice exhibit resilience.
Blood test for early detection of pancreatic cancer headed to clinic
A newly identified biomarker panel correctly detects early pancreatic cancer in human cells, improving the ability to diagnose patients at different stages of their disease. The panel combines plasma thrombospondin-2 with CA19-9 levels for reliable detection of pancreatic cancer, potentially altering treatment outcomes.
Benefits of using Droplet Digital PCR for measuring immunotherapy response highlighted in presentations at 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting
Researchers used Bio-Rad's Droplet Digital PCR to detect patient response to immunotherapies, identifying pseudoprogression. A biomarker detected by ddPCR indicates how well patients with non-small cell lung cancer respond to treatment, guiding toxic treatments only when necessary.
Researchers hope new biomarkers will lead to sports pitch-side test for brain injury
Scientists have identified three inflammatory biomarkers that can detect traumatic brain injury (TBI) within hours of occurrence. The discovery could lead to the development of a test for diagnosing TBI on the sidelines of sports pitches or by paramedics, allowing for timely treatment and reduced disability.
Fasting blood sugar and fasting insulin identified as new biomarkers for weight loss
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that fasting blood sugar and/or fasting insulin can be used to select optimal diets and predict weight loss, particularly for those with prediabetes. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and wholegrains may improve diabetes markers for most people with prediabetes.
Single molecule microRNA technology proves useful for liver toxicity detection
A new study published in PLOS ONE demonstrates a single molecule microRNA technology that can detect liver toxicity with high accuracy and specificity. The method, developed by Quanterix, uses a PCR-free approach to measure miR-122, a promising biomarker for drug-induced liver injury.
Sleep problems may be early sign of Alzheimer's
A recent study published in Neurology suggests that people with normal thinking and memory skills but poor sleep quality may be at higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found a link between sleep disturbances and biological markers for Alzheimer's disease in spinal fluid, including amyloid plaques and tau tangles.
Miniature technology, big hope for disease detection
Researchers at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University developed a new printing method to create effective disease detection tools using microfluidic bioassay devices. The device is about the size of a postage stamp and can detect multiple biomarkers for complex diseases like cancer.
Identified brain circuitry bridges neural and behavioral roles in PTSD
A comprehensive review of rapidly changing data identified four neural-behavioral models associated with PTSD, pinpointing specific circuits in the brain that mediate between chemical changes and behavioral expressions. The study provides detailed tables to help healthcare providers recognize signs and symptoms of PTSD for diagnosis.
Results in AI for aging research and personal health data management to be presented at Bio-Taiwan
Insilico Medicine will showcase its latest AI advancements in aging research and personal health data management. The company aims to apply deep learning to improve biomarker development, predict chronological age, and provide geroprotectors for various diseases.
Single dual time-point PET scan identifies dual Alzheimer's biomarkers
A single dual time-point PET scan can identify two important biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: neuronal injury and amyloid load. This non-invasive method shows promise for early diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Study shows drug lowers levels of biomarker linked to ALS
A new study has found that a decades-old malaria drug can safely lower levels of a toxic protein linked to familial ALS. The research suggests the drug could potentially slow disease progression in patients with genetic mutations.
Lab on a chip could monitor health, germs and pollutants
The new technology uses electronically barcoded microparticles to test for biomarkers, bacteria, viruses, air contaminants and more. It aims to enable true labs on chips, smaller than a USB flash drive or an Apple Watch, for real-time health monitoring and diagnosis.
Graphene-based sensor could improve evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of asthma
The graphene-based sensor accurately measures nitrite in exhaled breath condensate, providing a promising biomarker for inflammation in the respiratory tract. This innovation has the potential to improve asthma management, prevent hospitalizations, and reduce deaths worldwide.
Penn Medicine researchers identify biomarkers that may predict cognitive impairment
Researchers identified biomarkers that correlate with cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease, including dopamine deficiency, brain atrophy, and genetic mutations. The study may improve clinical care and develop new treatments for cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease.
Biomarkers may predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's
Researchers identified brain scans, genetic tests, and CSF analysis as predictive biomarkers for Parkinson's disease-related cognitive decline. Biomarkers associated with dopamine deficiency, beta-amyloid protein, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were found to correlate with cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed patients.
Switching to a low-glycemic diet may stop age-related eye disease, study suggests
A low-glycemic diet has been shown to arrest damage to the retina and halt the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in mice. The study identified potential biomarkers, including AGEs and oxidized fats, that can be used to predict AMD risk.
Interrupting inflammatory signals decreases repeat artery blockage
Researchers found that injecting an anti-inflammatory steroid directly into the tissue surrounding a leg artery reduced inflammatory biomarkers and prevented repeat blockages. The treatment showed promise for improving treatment outcomes for patients with peripheral artery disease.
White blood cell count predicts response to lung cancer immunotherapy
Researchers found that white blood cell counts at baseline and during therapy predict whether patients will respond to nivolumab treatment. A greater number and concentration of natural killer cells were associated with response to treatment.
Potential predictor of glaucoma damage identified
A new biomarker, GDF15, has been identified as a potential predictor of vision loss in glaucoma patients. The biomarker, which measures stress to cells rather than cell death, was found to be elevated in mice and humans with glaucoma, correlating with disease severity.
Study supporting glycated CD59 as a novel alternative for gestational diabetes screening
A single blood test measuring glycated CD59 at week 24-28 of gestation identified women with GDM with high sensitivity and specificity. The study found that median levels of plasma GCD59 were 8.5-fold higher in women who failed the GCT and 10-fold higher in women diagnosed with GDM.
What the age of your brain says about you
Using neuroimaging techniques and multivariate statistical models, researchers found that people with older-than-chronological-age brains are more likely to experience deteriorating conditions and early death. Combining brain-predicted age with DNA-related epigenetic biomarkers improves mortality predictions.
Boost in researchers' quest for scanning techniques to improve drug safety
Researchers are developing new CT and MRI scan techniques to identify early signs of drug-induced liver and lung disease, potentially saving time and money. The TRISTAN project will use imaging biomarkers to develop predictive models for safer drug development.
Lab on a chip designed to minimize preterm births
Researchers at Brigham Young University have developed a lab on a chip that can predict preterm births with up to 90% accuracy. The device takes a finger-prick's worth of blood and measures biomarkers associated with preterm birth, providing an early warning system for doctors.
Urine test may be able to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome
Researchers identified urinary biomarkers that distinguish between children with Down syndrome who have and don't have obstructive sleep apnea. The study found significant differences in biomarker signatures between all participants with Down syndrome and typically developing children, regardless of OSA presence or absence.
Are biobank donor families worried about a confidentiality breach?
A new study examines how well biobank donor families understand the risk and implications of a potential confidentiality breach. Families who donate tissue are often willing to trade access to research results for absolute confidentiality.
Diagnosing cancer
Scientists at Ruhr-University Bochum have established a new process for identifying biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, utilizing infrared spectroscopy. The method enables precise analysis of protein changes in tumor tissue, facilitating personalized therapy.
Ethics complicate clinical interpretation & reporting of human genome sequence results
Researchers discuss the challenges of understanding genomic data, including incidental findings and false-positive results. The authors highlight the need for informed patient preferences, risk assessment, and knowledge of compensating variants to navigate these complexities.
A little vigorous exercise may help boost kids' cardiometabolic health
High-intensity physical activity for as little as 10 minutes a day may benefit young people with large waist measurements and elevated insulin levels. The study found that vigorous exercise was associated with reduced waist circumference and insulin levels, but had inconsistent effects on other biomarkers.
UC researchers help map future of precision medicine in Parkinson's disease
Researchers propose a new approach to treating Parkinson's disease by identifying specific symptoms and molecular features of individual patients. By developing biomarkers and tailoring therapies to distinct patient subtypes, scientists aim to improve treatment outcomes and potentially slow or cure the disease.
SIB accelerates the fight against diabetes with several pan-European projects
Researchers identified molecules as potential biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes, up to nine years before diagnosis. SIB's role in IMIDIA project demonstrates its unique value and capabilities as a competence center in large-scale health-data projects.
Critical Path Institute launches type 1 diabetes consortium
The Critical Path Institute has launched a consortium to qualify islet autoimmunity antibodies as prognostic biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) research. The goal is to identify individuals at risk of disease progression and develop interventions to prevent or delay the onset of symptomatic T1D.
Levels of biomarkers after ACL surgery may signal severity of osteoarthritis later in life
A study of 18 ACL patients found that higher levels of collagen breakdown at the time of surgery correlate with worse outcomes two years after. This suggests that initial biochemical changes after injury may have a lasting impact on osteoarthritis development.
TGen study of ASU football team produces largest known dataset for concussion diagnostics
Researchers at TGen have created the largest dataset to date of extracellular small RNAs, potential biomarkers for diagnosing medical conditions like concussions. The dataset was amassed from ASU student-athletes' biofluids and helmet sensor data, aiming to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Detecting blood clot risk using biomarkers
Researchers are developing new biomarkers to identify high-risk blood clots in cancer patients, with the goal of increasing survival rates. The study will analyze blood samples from underrepresented populations to standardize and validate existing biomarkers.
New indicators to aid Crohn's disease diagnosis and treatment
A study by Arizona State University and Mayo Clinic identified several unique biomarkers, called autoantibodies, that can accurately diagnose Crohn's disease. The discovery has the potential to provide early warning for those at risk of major illnesses, including cancer, autism, and diabetes.
Ultrafast detection of a cancer biomarker enabled by innovative nanobiodevice
Researchers have created a pioneering nanobiodevice that can isolate cancer biomarkers quickly with high resolution. The device separates microRNA from DNA/RNA mixtures in under 100ms, promising faster and more reliable isolation of microRNA for cancer detection.