Articles tagged with Cancer Treatments
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that 201 patients (23%) lived five years after surgery, with at least half being 65 years old or older. Of those survivors, 65% lived another five years, nearly matching the general population's survival rate.
Researchers found a significant increase in soft tissue sarcoma cases among hereditary retinoblastoma survivors, with leiomyosarcoma being the most common subtype. Regular medical surveillance is crucial for these patients to detect potential cancers early.
Researchers found that inactivating TNFa significantly reduced blood vessel impairment and cell death in aged vessels, suggesting a link between increased TNFa levels and cardiovascular disease. The study's findings could lead to the development of new treatments for age-related vascular diseases.
Researchers discovered that imatinib mesylate inhibits the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and prevents tissue fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. The study provides promising results for a new treatment approach, but more extensive studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.
Research from Rockefeller University reveals that unfolded protein response serves a protective role, shielding cells from death. The study focuses on autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, where unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating their protective mechanism.
A study by the Human Pain Research Group at the University of Manchester found that individuals' expectations and beliefs play a crucial role in their response to pain relief. The researchers discovered that 67% of volunteers who expected pain relief continued to perceive less pain after applying a placebo cream, highlighting the power...
A new study reveals that health-care delivery, particularly screening tests and surgical treatment, contribute to poorer outcomes for African-American patients with colorectal cancer. The study found that African-Americans were more likely to have advanced disease and received less surgical treatment compared to other ethnicities.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center have led efforts to test new therapies in multiple myeloma, improving effectiveness and reducing toxicity. Studies show high response rates with lenalidomide and bortezomib, and a synergistic effect when targeting both tumor cells and microenvironment.
A study of over 36,000 women found that regular exercise can lower a smoker's lung cancer risk by 28%, but quitting smoking remains the most effective way to reduce risk. The absolute risk of developing lung cancer is still higher for current and former smokers, regardless of activity level.
Researchers with Bank On A Cure identified genetic pathways associated with venous thromboembolisms in patients treated with thalidomide for multiple myeloma. These findings may lead to screenings and tailored interventions to prevent blood clots, as well as the development of new treatments.
Researchers have identified genetic markers that can predict which patients with major depression are more likely to respond to treatment. Polymorphisms in genes related to serotonin and neurogenesis were found to be associated with improved treatment outcomes.
A study by University of Rochester Medical Center researchers found that black patients are more likely to prefer life-sustaining care when faced with an incurable illness or serious disabilities. In contrast, white patients were less inclined to accept such care. The differences in attitudes suggest a need for healthcare policies sens...
A survey of 591 youth tobacco cessation programs across the US found that most were school-based and provided effective treatment with highly skilled staff. However, fewer programs existed in low-income and rural communities where youth smoking rates are higher.
Researchers suggest repairing abnormal blood vessels in retinopathy using adult bone marrow–derived myeloid progenitor cells. Dendritic cells form part of granuloma walls containing Listeria monocytogenes, maintaining integrity through immunosuppressive protein IDO.
A study of nearly 600,000 men aged 70 and older reveals that 56 percent had a routine PSA screening, despite lack of recommendation. Health status had little impact on whether a test was performed, with even those in poor health receiving the test.
A study published in CANCER reveals that adolescent and young adult cancer patients value social connections with peers as a high priority, contrary to physician beliefs. Researchers found that meeting other young people who share a common experience helps address concerns such as coping with uncertainty and body changes.
A large-scale study involving over 7,500 men with prostate cancer has concluded that a rise in PSA levels after treatment, known as PSA bounce, does not impact overall survival. The study found no statistical difference in survival rates between patients who experienced a bounce and those who did not.
Patients treated with IMRT had significantly fewer moderate and serious side effects, including urethral stricture and catheterization, compared to those who received I-125 seed brachytherapy. The study found excellent PSA outcomes after treatment in both groups.
Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have identified changes in brain chemistry associated with post-cancer radiation-induced dementia. They found that whole-brain radiation causes changes in glutamate receptors, which may lead to cognitive deficits.
Dr. Stephen S. Hecht is recognized for over three decades of research on tobacco carcinogenesis, identifying nicotine's role in lung cancer formation. His work has led to the development of biomarkers for exposure to tobacco smoke and informed public policies on smoking restriction.
A new study found that women with disabilities are less likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery after a breast cancer diagnosis. In contrast, older adults with three or more chronic diseases may not benefit from colorectal cancer screening due to shortened life expectancy.
The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center's Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) grant has been renewed for an additional five years. The grant will fund translational research projects aimed at identifying biomarkers to predict response to therapy and developing non-invasive imaging options for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have found that three popular laboratory breast cancer cell lines share a similar genetic profile with human breast tumors. This discovery provides evidence for the accuracy of laboratory cell line models and their potential to inform treatment outcomes.
Researchers discovered a critical regulatory link between hypoxia and heat shock responses, with HIF-1 at the center. The gene's activity was found to be crucial in both normal and pathological changes, making it a promising target for health promotion and cancer treatments.
The St. Jude technique enables blood stem cells from parents or unmatched adult siblings, reducing the need for harsh treatments and boosting the chance of cure. The modified transplantation method accelerates immune system recovery and reduces the risk of infections.
Researchers at UW-Madison discover 2-deoxy-glucose blocks epileptic seizures in lab rats, a potential cure for up to half of all epileptic patients. The compound works by clogging cellular enzymes, allowing the body to use alternative energy sources.
A new study found that many primary care trusts in the UK are refusing to fund adequate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, despite NICE approval. The study revealed a postcode lottery, where funding and access to effective treatments like anti-TNF therapy vary widely across the country.
A molecule called TBK-1 helps keep cancer cells alive, and blocking it may be a promising approach to treating cancer. Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that TBK-1 is essential for cancer cell survival, even though its normal function is in the immune response.
New data reinforce the safety profile of ENBREL, confirming its efficacy for up to 2.5 years with no significant increase in adverse events. The study also shows that patients who experience interruption in treatment can regain similar positive efficacy results after re-initiating therapy.
A recent European survey of post-menopausal women with early breast cancer found that information needs are not being met, leading to low levels of patient involvement in treatment decisions. The survey revealed significant knowledge divides among patients, particularly older women and those with lower education levels.
Women under 45 who have both ovaries removed are at higher risk of death from hormone-related cancers and neurological diseases. The risk increases with age, suggesting that oestrogen may be protective at younger ages but less important after menopause.
A Georgetown University researcher warns of a growing epidemic of hookah smoking, citing equivalent toxic effects to cigarette smoking and a disproportionate impact on young women. Studies show that waterpipe tobacco smoke can penetrate deeper into the respiratory tract than cigarette smoke, increasing cancer risk.
The Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Center will focus on two complementary programs at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, one in Cancer Biology and Genetics, the other in Human Oncology and Pathogenesis. The center aims to translate revolutionary advances in understanding cancer into dramatic progress in controlling it.
A study found that less than one-third of gastric cancer patients had adequate lymph node assessments, leading to compromised survival. Median survival in regions with the highest ALNA rate was 33 months, while in regions with the lowest rate it was only 17 months.
The incidence of kidney cancer has risen over the past two decades, with small renal masses accounting for most cases. Despite increased surgeries, mortality rates have not decreased, suggesting that current treatments may not be effective for these slow-growing tumors.
A University of Michigan Health System study found that while more small kidney tumors are being detected and treated, the death rate from kidney cancer is not decreasing. The researchers suggest re-examining treatment strategies for patients with small renal masses, as surgery may not be the best option for everyone.
Researchers found that third-generation aromatase inhibitors increased the survival time for patients with advanced breast cancer. The meta-analysis suggests that these inhibitors should be used as an initial therapy for these patients.
Researchers at Stanford University have found that Gleevec can block the development of disease in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, providing hope for a new treatment. Imatinib inhibits the function of immune cells contributing to RA and also suppresses joint cell proliferation.
Researchers found that patients with tumors producing high levels of VEGF and its receptor benefit most from targeted treatments. The study identified a correlation between tumor mutational analysis, VEGF expression, and treatment response.
Two genes, REG1A and EXTL3, are prognostic markers for colorectal cancer recurrence. REG1A expression levels correlate with disease-free survival, while EXTL3 is a predictor of patient outcome.
A recent study by researchers at UCLA and the University of Oslo suggests that breast discomfort during hormone therapy may be an early warning sign for breast cancer. The findings indicate that women experiencing breast pain or tenderness while on hormone replacement therapy should consult their healthcare provider promptly.
Scientists have found a way to get purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) into the cells of mice lacking the enzyme, which could lead to a treatment for individuals with PNP deficiency. The PTD-PNP fusion protein corrected most immune defects in Pnp-deficient mice.
A new study shows MRI is better than MDCT for determining breast cancer's intraductal component, allowing surgeons to achieve a cancer-free surgical margin. MRI correctly identified 33 of 44 cases with an intraductal component, outperforming MDCT in sensitivity and underestimation accuracy.
Researchers found that TRAIL can enhance hepatocyte cell death initiated by signaling through Fas, potentially leading to liver damage. The study has important clinical implications as liver cells expressing Fas are present during inflammation.
Researchers have combined two therapies to enhance the immune system's response against brain tumors. The treatment, called dendritic cell-interleukin-23, promotes the function of dendritic cells and memory T-cells, providing initial and long-term immunity.
Researchers identify small synthetic molecule PAC-1 that directly activates procaspase-3 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This discovery offers a promising approach for personalized anti-cancer therapy by bypassing the broken signaling pathway in cancer cells.
Researchers found that men with lower PSA levels after seven months of hormone therapy had a longer survival rate. Patients with undetectable or low PSA levels lived up to 75 months, while those with higher PSA levels survived for 13 months.
A survey of adult cancer survivors found that over 12% reported suicidal thoughts or previous attempts many years after treatment. Factors associated with more suicidal symptoms included younger age, radiation treatments, and physical health issues.
Researchers found that infusing patients with low-dose ethanol, morphine or ketoconazole before and after surgery significantly reduced the incidence of pneumonia from 39% to 5.7%. The treatment also shortened ICU stay by 9 days in alcoholic patients undergoing aerodigestive tract surgery.
A new study reveals that racial disparities in cancer outcomes may be attributed to problems in doctor-patient communication. African-American patients tend to receive less information and are less actively involved in their medical decisions, leading to potential negative impacts on care.
A study by Stefania Galletti and her team has identified a plant-based source of the anti-cancer compound glucobrassicin, which has shown effectiveness against breast cancer. The researchers found that wounding leaves can increase levels of glucobrassicin, highlighting its potential as a natural defense mechanism.
A $14.6 million NIH grant will fund an international, multidisciplinary effort to leverage recent genetic discoveries into possible treatments for AMD. The investigation aims to explore the role of complement factor H and factor B genes in the immune system and develop diagnostic tools and treatments.
A study published by the University of Kentucky found that smokers with chronic pain tend to smoke at higher rates than those without pain. However, over half of these smokers are considering quitting. The research suggests that addressing smoking cessation as part of pain management could lead to improved health outcomes.
A single gene, BRIT1, plays a pivotal role in launching two DNA damage detection and repair pathways, suggesting its function as a previously unidentified tumor suppressor gene. The gene is under-expressed in human ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines, and its disruption leads to genomic instability.
A Hopkins study shows that combining curcumin and quercetin greatly reduces the size and number of colorectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. The average number of polyps dropped 60.4 percent, and the average size dropped by 50.9 percent.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have engineered a modified measles virus that specifically targets and kills cancer cells by recognizing unique protein secretions. This breakthrough enhances the safety and effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy, reducing the risk of unintended infections while improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that patients with chronic widespread pain have significantly lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 compared to healthy controls. These findings may contribute to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatment approaches for chronic widespread pain.
A review of 70 studies found insufficient evidence to support complementary and alternative therapies for menopause-related symptoms. The studies showed mixed results, with some individual treatments suggesting benefits but overall quality and quantity of data was not sufficient to recommend any treatment.
A Chinese man's use of Longdan Xieganwan led to the development of bladder tumors and eventual kidney failure. The herb contains aristolochic acid, which has been linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer. Doctors highlight the dangers of unregulated herbal therapy and emphasize the need for regulation.
A meta-analysis of 59 trials found little evidence that diet affects cancer survival or prognosis, while a study on garlic and vitamin supplements showed no benefit in reducing precancerous gastric lesions to cancer. Long-term use of vitamins and garlic supplements had no effect on gastric cancer incidence.