Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Recent study findings suggest expanding thrombolysis window to up to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke may lead to worsening outcomes due to irreversible tissue damage. The UCSD Stroke Center emphasizes the importance of timely treatment, highlighting the critical need for door-to-needle time during a stroke.
Researchers found that long-term use of inhaled anticholinergics for COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular death, heart attacks, or strokes by 58%. Patients with COPD who use these inhalers are at high risk of excess serious cardiovascular events.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials found that inhaled anticholinergic agents significantly increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 58% and 80% respectively. The study suggests clinicians closely monitor patients with COPD taking these medications for potential long-term cardiovascular risks.
A new study found that half of FDA-approved drug trials remained unpublished five years after approval. The most important trials determining efficacy were more likely to be published. This selective reporting bias may lead to an inappropriately favorable record of a drug's true risk-benefit profile.
A long-term study of Alzheimer's disease patients treated with combination therapy found significant benefits in slowing symptom progression. The results support the effectiveness of this treatment approach, which may protect brain cells from further damage.
A recent study found that aspirin increases the expression of paraoxonase 1 and apolipoprotein A1, two proteins that help remove bad cholesterol from the bloodstream. This increase can lead to reduced risk of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arteries.
A Phase II trial of OptiNose's novel nasal drug delivery device showed a significant reduction in nasal polyp size and associated symptoms, with almost 80% of patients experiencing overall improvement. The treatment achieved a 57.4% reduction in polyp size and improved sense of smell, nasal obstruction, and nasal comfort.
Monitoring exhaled nitric oxide levels did not improve asthma management in patients managed according to NIH guidelines, but may benefit specific subgroups. The study suggests that most patients can control their asthma with relatively easy-to-measure symptoms and lung function.
A study found that healthy individuals with elevated uric acid levels have a higher risk of developing kidney disease, particularly in women and those with hypertension. The researchers recommend initiating clinical trials to assess the potential of uric acid-lowering drugs for preventing kidney disease.
A study published in Journal of Empirical Legal Studies found that Lipitor's advertising omits crucial information relevant to women, raising concerns about its safety. The study questions Pfizer's claims of clinical proof for Lipitor's effectiveness in preventing heart attacks in women with multiple risk factors.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham are investigating a triple cocktail of medicines to lower stroke risk in recovering patients. The study aims to determine if adding clopidogrel to aspirin and dipyridamole improves recovery outcomes.
Researchers found that combining a thiazide diuretic with a potassium-sparing drug reduced both sudden cardiac death and total coronary mortality in elderly patients with hypertension. The study's findings challenge the current U.S. hypertension treatment guidelines, which recommend using a thiazide diuretic alone as initial therapy.
A study from UNC School of Medicine suggests molindone, a first-generation antipsychotic, is as effective as newer drugs like olanzapine and risperidone in treating childhood schizophrenia. The medication may offer benefits due to fewer side effects, including weight gain and increased risk of heart disease.
Researchers argue that traditional informed consent processes may no longer be sufficient for long-term studies using biological materials. New approaches, including ongoing communication with participants, are needed to ensure participants' rights are protected.
A new study found that newer atypical antipsychotic medications were not more effective than an older conventional antipsychotic in treating child and adolescent schizophrenia. The study also revealed potential metabolic side effects, particularly with olanzapine, which may lead to serious health issues.
A new $10 million clinical trial is testing a treatment that can chew up deep vein thrombosis (DVT) clots and administer clot-busting drugs, with the goal of preventing long-term complications like post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). The trial aims to provide a safer, quicker and more effective approach to treatment.
The American College of Physicians released a new clinical practice guideline recommending drug treatment for men and women with osteoporosis or low bone density. In addition, massage therapy may have an immediate positive effect on pain and mood for advanced cancer patients, according to a study from the National Institutes of Health.
A new type of drug targets CB2 receptors to alleviate pain in human sensory nerves without affecting the brain. This research offers a promising alternative to opioids, which can have serious side effects such as dependency and nausea.
A study published in Neurology found that taking cholesterol-lowering drugs after a stroke or mini-stroke lowers the risk of another stroke in both young and elderly individuals. The study involved over 4,700 participants aged 18 and older, with significant reductions in LDL 'bad' cholesterol levels.
The European Society of Cardiology recommends pre-hospital treatment with antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, to improve clinical outcomes in STEMI patients. Unfractionated heparin is also used during primary PCI in STEMI, while bivalirudin has been shown to reduce major bleeding and ischemic events.
A recent Australian study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that moderate exercise can significantly improve cognitive function in older adults at risk. Participants who walked for 2 and a half hours a week showed better delayed recall, lower Clinical Dementia Rating Scores, and improved memory problems.
A recent study by the American Academy of Ophthalmology found that 12% of ophthalmologists use electronic health records, with positive outcomes including increased productivity and cost savings. Researchers also identified factors predicting risk of progression from early to advanced age-related macular degeneration.
Antipsychotics have shown efficacy in treating psychotic disorders and other conditions in children and adolescents, but concerns about metabolic side effects and long-term safety remain. Studies have found increased risk of weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycaemia with certain antipsychotics.
The FDA has mandated boxed warnings for COX-2 selective inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs due to their cardiovascular risks. Novel anti-VEGF therapies, such as ranibizumab and bevacizumab, may also pose cardiovascular safety concerns despite proven benefits in treating wet AMD
A trial of intensified versus standard medical therapy in elderly patients with congestive heart failure found that increased medication doses did not improve outcomes for older adults. In contrast, younger patients showed lower death rates and fewer hospitalizations with intensified therapy.
The ECNP consensus statement on bipolar depression highlights the disease's significant impact on functioning, social relationships, and employment. Early onset of bipolar disorder is associated with a severe burden of disease, particularly during acute depressive episodes.
A randomized trial found that fluvastatin XL reduced myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. The study showed a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, with a number needed to treat of 12.5 patients.
Recent studies on DES have shown mixed results, with some suggesting increased risk of late thrombosis but no impact on mortality or myocardial infarction. However, other data indicate benefits in terms of reduced reinterventions and improved outcomes for high-risk patients.
A new study suggests that Research Ethics Committees (RECs) play a crucial role in identifying and correcting problems in cancer trial applications. RECs raise concerns about informed consent, misleading information, and missing details, which can impact patient safety and the integrity of the trial.
Researchers at McGill University found that discontinuing statin medication after a heart attack increases mortality risk by 88%. Patients who continued taking statins had a 16% lower risk of dying within the year, highlighting the importance of adhering to prescribed treatment.
A novel multi-arm trial design could test several therapies simultaneously, speeding up cancer drug development. A natural chemical called candidaspongiolide inhibits protein synthesis and kills cancer cells through an unusual biochemical pathway.
A study found that one-fifth of Ayurvedic medicines purchased online exceed acceptable standards for lead, mercury, and arsenic. Rasa shastra medicines were more likely to contain detectable metals, posing a risk to users.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that vigabatrin induced satiety in obese animals, leading to significant weight loss and reduced food consumption. The study suggests that vigabatrin could potentially treat severe obesity, including binge eating patterns similar to those seen in cocaine dependency.
A new Case Western Reserve University study aims to understand how college students cope with managing psychiatric medications, a growing concern for mental health providers. The research will survey 120 undergraduates and conduct intensive interviews with 30 students to track their experiences over two years.
Researchers are conducting a clinical trial using low-dose contraceptives to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which affects 5-10% of women. The study aims to understand the underlying physiology and develop new treatments for this debilitating condition.
Long-term West Nile virus infection recovery is possible within a year, with brain affected patients taking slightly longer to recover. Vitamin D deficiency is also identified as a risk factor for hip fractures in older women.
Studies link cocaine-evoked synaptic changes in dopamine (DA) neurons to long-term drug-seeking behavior, highlighting NMDA receptor signaling and glutamate receptor subunit composition. Findings support a role for NMDAR-dependent modulation of DA neurons in cue-induced relapse.
Researchers found that 76% of studies on pediatric adherence to ART in low-income countries reported more than 75% adherence, compared to lower rates in high-income countries. The study's findings suggest that children in these countries can maintain comparable or better adherence to ART as those in high-income countries.
A systematic review of antiepileptic drugs found that children with drug-resistant partial epilepsy have a greater response to placebo treatments compared to adults. This suggests that clinical trials in children require careful design and reporting to provide valid results.
Regeneron's ARCALYST (rilonacept) has been shown to effectively manage symptoms of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), a rare inherited disease. The treatment demonstrated an 84% improvement in overall symptom scores and high patient response rates.
The Lancet recommends allowing newborn infants to participate in multiple clinical studies with their parents' consent, provided it does not compromise care or safety. This would strengthen the evidence base for medical care of newborn infants and balance ethical concerns.
A Canadian study involving children and a botanical extract (COLD-fX) shows promise for its future development as a cold and flu remedy. The study, published in Pediatrics, found that acute three-day doses of COLD-fX were well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) enrolled over 12,000 patients in 43 studies across 18 countries, providing extensive evidence on malaria medication efficacy. These studies played a crucial role in shaping treatment policies in conflict-affected regions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Hospitals found that 545 patients (0.6%) experienced allergic-like reactions after receiving nonionic iodinated contrast media, but 99% resolved completely within 24 hours with commonly used medications like diphenhydramine and corticosteroids.
Researchers have found that warfarin reduces scarring on the liver caused by Hepatitis C, which can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. The study is now embarking on a clinical trial to test warfarin as a treatment for people with Hepatitis C.
The study found that patients treated with IGIV demonstrated significantly better cognitive function, daily functioning, and activities of daily living compared to those receiving placebo. The benefits persisted over 9 months, showing promise for IGIV as an antiamyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists from Weill Cornell Medical College and Columbia University Medical Center have described the specifics of how brain cells process antidepressant drugs, cocaine, and amphetamines. Their breakthrough research reveals a finely-tuned process in which two sodium ions bind to enable neural signaling in the brain.
A new study published in The Lancet Neurology found that a small dose of the drug PBT2 improved cognitive function in early-stage Alzheimer's patients, reducing amyloid-beta levels by approximately 13% compared to placebo. The study suggests that PBT2 may have a significant effect on the underlying pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
A randomized, double-blinded trial of 70 patients found that taking an enriched extract of Indian Frankincense significantly improved osteoarthritis symptoms within seven days. The study suggests that AKBA, the most active ingredient in the plant, has anti-inflammatory properties and may be effective for treating knee osteoarthritis.
A US study finds a 3,196% increase in fatal domestic medication errors involving alcohol and/or street drugs, linked to the shift from clinical to domestic settings. The study highlights the need for increased research on medication errors, particularly in middle-aged patients and domestic settings.
A new combination therapy using raltegravir has shown promising results in treating HIV, particularly in patients with highly resistant strains. The study found that 62% of patients achieved undetectable viral loads, while only 1 in 3 receiving a placebo showed similar reductions.
The Combining Medication to Enhance Outcomes of Depression (CO-MED) trial aims to test multiple-medication treatment for depression. Researchers hope to find a better approach than using single medication, with the goal of improving remission rates and long-term prognosis.
A Russian study found that the drug Dimebon continued to improve patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease over a year, showing improvement in all five outcomes. Researchers believe it works by stabilizing mitochondria and inhibiting brain cell death.
Researchers identified four distinct molecular subtypes in patients with scleroderma, offering new hope for better diagnosis and targeted therapies. The study uses gene expression patterns to classify patients, which could help predict disease progression and treatment response.
A new study has replicated the association between genetic variation in the FKBP5 gene and treatment response to antidepressants, suggesting a potential link to childhood maltreatment. The findings support earlier research implicating the same gene and provide encouragement for personalized medicine approaches to depression treatment.
A disturbed cleavage of the Nrg-1 protein is connected with the development of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. This discovery provides a new step forward in improved diagnosis and targeted treatment of the disease.
Researchers found that white patients with two distinct gene variations were more likely to experience remission of symptoms associated with major depression. Pharmacogenetic testing could improve patient outcomes by matching patients with the right drug from the start.
A systematic review of 13 observational studies found that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis by about a factor of three, suggesting a possible role in over 10% of TB cases in India and China.
Researchers found that an HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, significantly diminishes the destructive effects of dendritic cells in graft-versus-host disease, offering a novel treatment option. The study suggests a potential new approach to treating the major complication of bone marrow transplants and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers are comparing the effectiveness of tenofovir as an oral tablet and vaginal gel for HIV prevention. The study aims to understand how each formulation works in infection-prone cells, with a focus on optimal doses and women's adherence.