Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
INTUNIV, a selective alpha-2A receptor agonist, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms across all measured time points up to 24 hours postdose. The medication showed improved symptoms of ADHD in patients treated with INTUNIV compared to those receiving placebo.
New University of Michigan Depression Center research shows depressed people have fewer serotonin & opioid receptors, varying greatly among individuals. The number of receptors affects symptom severity and treatment response, suggesting personalized medicine approaches may be more effective.
Researchers found that teens with asthma dramatically overestimate their ability to control the condition, affecting treatment adherence. A new approach of unplanned planned asthma visits led to improved patient outcomes, including a 30% increase in treatment action plans and 50% reduction in hospitalizations.
Women at high risk for cardiovascular disease did not experience a reduced rate of cardiovascular events after taking folic acid and vitamin B supplements for seven years. The study found significant lowering of homocysteine levels, but no difference in cardiovascular event rates between the treatment and placebo groups.
Data presented at the APA Annual Meeting demonstrate iloperidone's efficacy and safety in treating schizophrenia, with low rates of movement disorders and metabolic adverse events. Pharmacogenetic findings suggest potential for individualized treatment based on genetic markers.
A Phase 3 study demonstrated that motavizumab reduced hospitalizations due to RSV by 83 percent and lower respiratory infections requiring outpatient management by 71 percent. The study involved 1,410 full-term healthy infants less than six months of age and confirmed high rates of serious RSV disease in this population.
A study published in The Lancet Neurology found that cilostazol is as effective as aspirin in preventing recurrent stroke, but causes fewer bleeding events. This suggests that cilostazol could be a more effective and safer alternative for Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.
A study of over 3,000 older adults found that those taking multiple anticholinergic medications experienced worse physical function, similar to someone three to four years older. The researchers recommend careful consideration when prescribing these medications to older adults due to the potential effects on their physical function.
Researchers have found that a common contraceptive pill ingredient, progesterone, can improve neurologic outcomes for patients with severe head injuries. Progesterone was linked to increased survival and favorable outcomes at six months after treatment, with no complications reported.
Researchers found that older adults with dementia and incontinence taking both medications experienced a 50% faster decline in function, from requiring limited assistance to complete dependence. The study highlights the potential risks of combining anticholinergic agents for incontinence and cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia.
A JAMA study found that hemoglobin-based blood substitutes are associated with a 30% increased risk of death and a 2.7 times increased risk of heart attack in patients. The researchers argue for stricter regulations on the development of these products to prevent future safety concerns.
Research suggests that diabetes medications thiazolidinediones may increase the risk of fractures, particularly hip and wrist fractures. The study found a double or tripled risk for patients taking these drugs for 12-18 months, highlighting the need for further confirmation through additional studies and clinical trials.
A clinical trial evaluating sorafenib added to carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy for lung cancer patients showed the combination offers no improved overall survival. Sorafenib results in worse outcomes for some patients with squamous histology.
A recent study examining the effect of Medicare Part D on financial hardship found that sickest patients are still skipping medications due to cost. Despite improvements in basic necessity cutting, medication adherence remains a concern for chronically ill individuals.
Two studies found that Medicare Part D implementation led to small but significant decreases in cost-related medication nonadherence and spending less on basic needs, particularly among lower-income beneficiaries. However, knowledge gaps about Part D benefit structures limited beneficiaries' ability to manage medication costs.
The study found that angiographic in-segment late loss was significantly less in the everolimus-releasing stent group compared to the paclitaxel group. The use of everolimus stents resulted in a significant reduction in composite major adverse cardiac events at 9 months and 1 year.
A breath monitoring device helps prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of HIV by tracking medication adherence in high-risk individuals. The device records patients' breath tests and provides real-time feedback to doctors.
A University of Michigan researcher is conducting a clinical trial to test the effectiveness of Zoloft on anxiety patients. The study aims to determine if genetic variations can predict an individual's response to anti-anxiety medication.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Pharmacology has made a significant breakthrough in treating aortic valve stenosis, a common form of heart valve disease. The experimental treatment, which raises high-density lipoproteins (HDL), showed promising results, including reduced aortic valve narrowing and calcifications.
Research suggests that taking anticholinergic drugs may lead to faster cognitive decline in older people, with those on the medications experiencing a 1.5-fold increase in rate of cognitive function decline compared to non-users.
A new study suggests that pregnant breast cancer patients can benefit from the same treatment as non-pregnant women with minimal health risks to the baby. The research collected data from 122 patients and found that most received surgery and chemotherapy without significant harm to the newborn.
Despite being more depressed, women are more likely than men to take stroke medications after a hospital discharge. A study of 491 stroke survivors found that 78% of participants were still taking their medications three months later, with women exhibiting higher adherence rates than men.
Two new therapies have shown promising results in treating basal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. A novel molecule, GDC-0449, has been found to shrink tumors with limited side effects, while a combination of two drugs has shown significant clinical benefit in over 80% of pancreatic cancer patients.
A new clinical trial has shown promising results with riluzole, a U.S. FDA-approved drug, slowing the growth of late-stage melanoma in human patients. The Phase 0 trial found three solid positive responses in nine patients, indicating potential as an adjunct to surgical treatment for stage 3 or 4 melanoma.
A study suggests that the sponsor of rofecoxib, Merck, misrepresented the drug's safety profile in clinical trials involving patients with cognitive impairment. The analysis found a significant increase in mortality among rofecoxib patients compared to placebo patients, which was not reported by the sponsor.
Researchers found that statins can modestly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. The study showed a significant decrease in blood pressure at six months of treatment, but not at one month.
Researchers found that high urate levels among recently diagnosed Parkinson's patients slowed disease progression during a two-year study period. Elevated urate levels have been linked to reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease, and may offer new treatment strategies for the disorder.
A large randomized drug trial found statins significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, contributing to a reduced risk of stroke and cardiovascular events. The study involved 973 participants taking either simvastatin or pravastatin or a placebo for six months.
Researchers found that chronic use of beta blockers alleviates asthma by helping airways relax and dilate, providing longer-term respiratory function. The study builds on earlier breakthroughs in treating congestive heart failure, where beta blockers improved outcomes despite initial worsening symptoms.
The article addresses the importance of sharing data in clinical trials for heart studies, including situations where interim data should be shared with operational study personnel and sponsors. The authors emphasize the need for caution and careful consideration before releasing interim data, particularly when it comes to trial credib...
A growing trend of premature trial stops is raising concerns about patient safety and the over-statement of treatment effects. Italian researchers analyzed 25 trials that stopped due to patient benefits, finding that most were linked to marketing applications, potentially prioritizing industry interests.
A three-year study found that participants with type 2 diabetes who lowered their LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure levels below current targets experienced a partial reversal of hardening of the arteries. The results suggest that aggressively managing these risk factors can help prevent heart disease in adults with diabetes.
A new study found that potential research participants are mostly indifferent to financial disclosures from researchers, but trust decreases when the researcher owns company stock. The study suggests that clearer guidelines for disclosing acceptable financial interests are needed to inform potential study participants.
A new study found that restrictive drug policies in Maine's Medicaid program led to a 29% increase in medication discontinuation among patients with schizophrenia. The policy, which required prior authorization for new medications, disrupted essential treatment and resulted in minimal cost savings.
A new study found that rimonabant, a weight loss medication, showed no significant effect on slowing the progression of coronary artery disease in patients with abdominal obesity. However, it did show improvements in metabolic parameters such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels.
The NIH has awarded grants to researchers studying early brain development, social interactions, rare genetic variants, and potential environmental risk factors for autism. Researchers at Yale and Wayne State University aim to identify novel treatments using buspirone and explore the relationship between genes and physical traits.
A global study found that telmisartan is as effective as ramipril in reducing cardiovascular death, with fewer side effects such as coughing and swelling. The medication offers clinicians and patients a better alternative for managing high blood pressure.
A new study shows that a combination of two drugs can lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk by 20%, outperforming an ACE-diuretic combination. The therapy has the potential to improve control rates to over 80% and alter current guidelines for treating high blood pressure.
A randomized trial published in PLoS Medicine found no differences in cognitive decline between patients who continued and those who discontinued neuroleptic drugs. The study also found that patients with severe neuropsychiatric problems may have benefited from continued therapy, but this effect was not statistically significant.
A new medication, pimecrolimus, failed to reduce arterial renarrowing after stenting, while a multi-reservoir stent design with the drug delivered better outcomes. The study used a combination of pimecrolimus and paclitaxel for comparison.
A clinical trial using IVUS technology found that Actos reduced the atherosclerotic burden in coronary arteries compared to glimepiride, and prevented progression. The study adds to the body of cardiovascular data for Actos, showing no evidence of increased risk of heart attack or stroke.
A recent poll in Edinburgh revealed that 87% of respondents were unaware of smallpox's extinction, a disease that killed 300-500 million victims in the 20th century. However, many people showed knowledge of microbes' role in medicine, volcanoes, and other areas.
Researchers from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center presented findings on the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in preventing restenosis. The studies also explored the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin for patients undergoing primary angioplasty, particularly those with diabetes and advanced age.
The APOLLO study found that once-daily basal insulin glargine achieved similar reductions in haemoglobin A1c to thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro, with improved patient satisfaction. Insulin glargine was associated with fewer injections, lower risk of hypoglycaemia, and greater patient satisfaction compared to insulin lispro.
A study found that only 16% of Australians who started using asthma preventer medications regularly, while most new users stopped filling prescriptions after two years. The research highlights a significant gap between guidelines and real-world use.
A randomized trial of 498 patients found that second-generation antipsychotics did not outperform first-generation drugs in reducing symptoms. The study's results suggest that clinicians should consider cost and treatment duration when selecting an antipsychotic medication for first-episode schizophrenia.
The study analyzed 180,000 patients from 52 studies, demonstrating small non-significant reductions in death and myocardial infarction with a greater than 50% decrease in subsequent TVR procedures. Significant 20% and 11% reductions in death and MI were also observed, even after adjustment for confounding variables.
A new report suggests that switching from a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to a non-SSRI antidepressant may be more effective for treating symptoms of major depressive disorder. However, the effectiveness and tolerability of this approach varied depending on the individual.
A study found that hospitals participating in clinical trials have better quality of care, lower mortality rates, and improved processes for treating acute coronary syndrome. Patients treated at these hospitals had significantly better outcomes compared to those treated at non-participating hospitals.
A recent court ruling supported JAMA and Archives of Internal Medicine in their opposition to Pfizer's subpoena for confidential information regarding COX-2 inhibitors. The subpoenas sought documents related to the decision-making process, but the court ruled that this information was irrelevant to the pending claims.
A meta-analysis of previously published studies found that dieting and medication can significantly lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Weight loss interventions involving orlistat resulted in greater reductions in both body weight and blood pressure compared to usual care or placebo groups.
The anti-arthritis drug tocilizumab has been proven effective in two separate trials involving both adults and children. In the adult trial, patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis showed significant improvements in signs of RA. In the pediatric trial, children and young adults with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arth...
Despite national guidelines for asthma treatment issued in 1997, many patients still do not receive prescription inhalers for the safest and most effective long-term control of the disease. Researchers found that elderly and minority patients were less likely to be prescribed long-acting controller medications.
A major review found that only two per cent of paediatric drug trials had independent safety monitoring committees to detect adverse drug reactions. Clinical drug trials in children are essential for developing medicines and treatments, but greater safety measures and awareness are needed.
A review of over 700 pediatric drug trials found that only 13 studies had independent safety monitoring committees. The trials reported various adverse events and reactions, highlighting the need for greater safety measures and awareness in clinical trials involving children.
The US Food and Drug Administration is considering new rules that would require new antibiotics to be clinically superior to existing drugs, rather than non-inferior. This change could discourage pharmaceutical companies from developing new antibiotics for common infections.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that psychological intervention can effectively reduce post-embolization pain in patients undergoing hepatic arterial chemoembolization therapy. The research suggests that psychological intervention should be used as a complementary approach to pharmacological analgesia.
The ABSORB clinical trial demonstrated no stent thrombosis and a low rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease. The bioabsorbable everolimus eluting stent was shown to be safe and effective, with successful deployment and high device success rates.
AstraZeneca's investigational cancer drug vandetanib has completed patient enrollment in two pivotal Phase III studies for the second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The ZODIAC and ZEAL studies aim to assess the efficacy of vandetanib in combination with chemotherapy treatments.
Treatment with letrozole initiated one to seven years after stopping tamoxifen therapy cuts the risk of breast cancer recurrence in half and metastasis by 60%. The chance that a new tumor develops in the unaffected breast is also significantly reduced. These findings suggest aromatase inhibition can still offer preventive benefits.