Articles tagged with Drug Studies
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A recent study by American Academy of Neurology found that patients taking pergolide for Parkinson's disease have a higher risk of developing valvular heart disease. Eighty-nine percent of pergolide-treated patients showed some degree of valvular insufficiency, with increased risks in the mitral and aortic valves.
A recent study found that tolvaptan, a medication for heart failure, can increase net fluid loss and improve serum sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. This effect was achieved without negatively impacting blood pressure or kidney function. The treatment may also reduce mortality rates in high-risk patients.
The FREEDOM trial will investigate the impact of cardiovascular disease in diabetics and develop new approaches to management and treatment. The study aims to provide clear guidelines on procedures for diabetic patients, including CABG and angioplasty with stents.
A study analyzing published and unpublished trials found that most SSRI antidepressants pose a higher risk than benefits in treating childhood depression. The analysis highlights the need for greater access to unpublished data from the pharmaceutical industry to ensure accurate treatment guidelines.
A study in rats found that prenatal nicotine exposure leads to a decline in brain activity and loss of brain cells, worsening the effects of nicotine withdrawal. This may drive teens to self-administer nicotine, increasing the likelihood of long-term addiction.
A 26-week study found that topiramate significantly reduced the frequency of migraines in patients taking 100 or 200 milligrams per day. Improvements were observed within the first month of treatment, with 35.9% to 54.0% of patients experiencing a 50% or more reduction in migraine frequency.
A new study on BCX-1777, a PNP inhibitor, found that it can elevate plasma dGuo levels and inhibit erythrocyte PNP activity in cancer patients. The results suggest potential therapeutic applications for BCX-1777 in treating autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
A study published in JAMA found a significant link between delirium in ICU patients and increased mortality rates. The researchers also highlighted the economic burden of treating delirium in ICUs, estimating costs ranging from $4 billion to over $20 billion nationwide.
A meta-analysis of 14 randomised controlled trials found no significant differences between the failure rates of oral and intravenous rehydration therapies. The researchers conclude that further studies are not warranted, as oral rehydration is less traumatic, simple to administer, and associated with lower hospital admission rates.
A new study aims to determine if abciximab can improve function in patients with ischemic strokes up to six hours after onset. The treatment, which prevents blood platelets from forming clots, could provide a new approach for treating patients who wake up from sleep with a stroke.
A study by Northwestern Memorial Hospital suggests that CPOE systems with significant clinical decision support and pharmacist involvement can improve medication safety. However, the system's limitations in artificial intelligence mean that human oversight remains crucial to prevent prescribing errors.
AstraZeneca has submitted a regulatory application to the European Union for the use of Atacand in treating heart failure. The CHARM study programme showed that Atacand reduces both cardiovascular deaths and hospital admissions across a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure.
Scientists found that common cholinesterase inhibitors ease behavioral symptoms like agitation and psychosis in patients with existing symptoms. The medication also delays the onset of these behaviors in patients not yet displaying them.
Researchers identified a genetic mutation in one gene that increases the risk of autism by approximately doubling it, according to Dr. Joseph Buxbaum's study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
A synthetic compound called ISO-1 appears to work by blocking inflammation and protecting mice from developing type 1 diabetes. The researchers believe it could be developed into an oral drug that provides long-lasting protection for young people.
Chronic sinusitis is an immune disorder caused by fungi in the mucus lining of the sinuses. Antifungal medicine has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and nasal swelling. The study suggests a new potential treatment approach for this common disease.
Engineers at Ohio State University used compressed carbon dioxide to embed protein molecules in plastic, creating a process for developing implantable drugs. The technology could be used to release medicines into the body, improving medical treatment and reducing environmental impact.
Dr. Eric Winer emphasizes the importance of rigorous testing for complementary and alternative therapies (CAMs) due to safety concerns and limited scientific evidence. Many CAMs have not undergone thorough evaluation, leading to potential interactions with standard treatments.
In the phase III trial, exemestane demonstrated superior efficacy over tamoxifen in patients with hormone-responsive metastatic breast cancer, with a median progression-free survival of 10.9 months compared to 6.7 months for tamoxifen. The study also showed improved response rates and safety profile for exemestane.
A study published in JAMA found that a transdermal patch delivering fentanyl is equivalent to an intravenous pump for postoperative pain control. The patch, called PCTS, eliminated the need for needles and mobility restrictions. Patient assessments showed high rates of good or excellent pain control with both methods.
Rimonabant successfully treated tobacco dependence and reduced post-cessation weight gain in a double-blind trial. Patients who received the 20mg dose had higher abstinence rates and less weight gain compared to those on placebo.
A multi-center trial comparing three medications in patients with heart failure showed no significant differences between warfarin and antiplatelet therapies in terms of death, non-fatal heart attacks and strokes. However, hospitalizations for worsening heart failure were significantly less frequent in patients treated with warfarin.
A study analyzing SPORTIF III and V trials found that ximelagatran is at least as effective as warfarin in preventing strokes and systemic embolic events in men and women with atrial fibrillation. The analysis also showed lower bleeding rates for ximelagatran, particularly among women.
The SCD-HeFT trial showed that implantable cardiac defibrillators can reduce total mortality in patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Patients who received an ICD had a three-year mortality rate of 17.1%, compared to 22.3% for those receiving placebo and 24% for those receiving amiodarone.
The PAVE study found that biventricular pacing improved cardiac function and functional capacity in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation undergoing ablate and pace therapy. In contrast, the DINAMIT study showed no overall mortality benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients following a recent acute...
A study found that early treatment with thrombolytics can significantly improve stroke recovery rates, with patients treated within 90 minutes of symptom onset showing the most improvement. The study also suggests that t-PA given up to 4 hours after symptoms may be beneficial, but the effect diminishes later.
Stanford researchers found that patients who received clot-busting drug tPA within an hour of stroke arrival had better recovery outcomes. The study suggests that administering tPA even after the three-hour time period may be beneficial for some patients, albeit with reduced effectiveness.
The National Institutes of Health has stopped the estrogen-alone study in healthy postmenopausal women due to an increased risk of stroke, but found no effect on heart disease. The trial also showed a decreased risk of hip fractures and no increase in breast cancer risk.
Research on glaucoma medication latanoprost vs. timolol shows intraocular pressure-reducing effects and safety benefits. A study on frequency-doubling perimetry also explores its feasibility in young children.
Dr. Leon Thal, Chair of the UCSD Department of Neurosciences, will receive the Potamkin Prize for his groundbreaking research on Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases. His work has significantly contributed to the understanding of the cause, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
The REVERSAL study found that intensive statin therapy resulted in greater reductions in LDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein, as well as less progression of coronary atherosclerosis compared to moderate treatment. Patients who received intensive therapy showed significant positive changes in plaque buildup volume.
Researchers at the NIH's National Eye Institute have developed a new therapy, daclizumab, that controls uveitis inflammation in seven of 10 patients over a four-year period. The therapy is well-tolerated and may allow patients to administer it to themselves at home.
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine is conducting a smoking cessation study that will provide participants with medication and individual counseling. Volunteers must be at least 18 years old, in good health, and motivated to quit smoking, and are expected to participate for nearly one full year.
Researchers found ACR scores improved for symptom relief after 6 months with combination treatment, and remission occurred in 35% of patients compared to 16% and 13% with individual therapies. Combination therapy also showed a statistically significant improvement on joint erosion.
A study of 9,307 white subjects and 2,902 black subjects found that whites and blacks responded similarly about 90% of the time to common antihypertensive drugs. This challenges traditional racial treatment differences and suggests that physicians should base drug choices on individual patient factors rather than race.
Early administration of reteplase plus abciximab did not reduce infarct size compared to abciximab alone in patients with acute MI referred for PCI. The study also found comparable clinical outcomes between the two treatment groups, but more major bleeding events occurred in the combination therapy group.
A study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that nearly all women take prescription medications (92%) and self-medicate with over-the-counter medications (96.5%). Researchers also discovered potential drug interactions, including those between antidepressants and herbal supplements like St. John's wort.
A 26-week study found that topiramate significantly reduced monthly migraine frequency (-2.1 and -2.4 mg/d) and days with migraines compared to placebo. The medication also decreased rescue medication use, providing improved treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers have successfully treated individuals with Type 1 diabetes using a single infusion of islet cells, with recipients maintaining insulin independence for over one to three years. The new treatment approach uses optimized recipient immunosuppression and a novel anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.
A study of influenza vaccination in children with asthma found no significant reduction in asthma exacerbations caused by the flu. In contrast, a separate study showed that maternal and personal smoking synergize to increase airflow limitation in offspring, increasing the risk of Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
A study of 332 randomized trials found industry-funded trials more likely to yield statistically significant pro-industry findings. Pharmaceutical companies prioritize trials with higher potential for positive results. This bias affects not only medical treatments but also new surgical interventions.
Negative clinical trial results from SSRIs go unpublished, while flimsy data support their use. Flawed trial design, secrecy in approvals process, and inadequate adverse drug reporting systems contribute to ineffective and unsafe drugs entering the market.
The grant aims to develop novel strategies for improving pediatric heart transplant outcomes by linking basic science advances to clinical protocols. The three clinical projects focus on enhancing graft acceptance, preventing post-transplant tumors and identifying genetic markers predictive of individual transplant outcomes.
Researchers at OHSU are conducting a study to investigate whether early treatment with the eczema drug Elidel can prevent asthma in children with a family history of allergic disease. The study aims to enroll 200 infants with eczema and assess whether early intervention reduces the incidence of asthma.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that nearly half of patients with diabetes use multiple prescriptions, with 29% spending $100 or more per month out-of-pocket. Patients who cut back on medication use had poorer diabetes control, more symptoms, and worse functioning. The researchers recommend better access to prescription drug c...
A new study demonstrates the benefits of Risperdal Consta in young adults with schizophrenia, improving symptoms and reducing side effects. The treatment showed significant satisfaction and improvement in health-related quality of life, making it a promising option for patients.
A study of 93,676 healthy older women found that depressive symptoms are significantly related to cardiovascular disease risk and increased mortality rates. Women with depression were more likely to develop hypertension, have a history of stroke or angina, die from cardiovascular disease, and experience all-cause mortality.
Researchers present findings on various stroke treatments, including the effectiveness of IV magnesium in reducing death and improving functional outcome. Additionally, studies show promise for statins, oxygen therapy, and clot-busting therapies in improving neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke.
A new study suggests that angioplasty can significantly reduce the risk of stroke in patients with clogged brain arteries. The procedure, which uses a tiny balloon to open blocked vessels, has been shown to be more effective than medication alone in improving outcomes.
Researchers found that 68% of patients experienced a reduction in pain intensity of greater than 33%, indicating promising relief. The biotoxin blocks slow sodium channel nocicipetive pain fibers in a highly selective way, making it a potential treatment option for cancer pain.
A recent study found that 72% of adverse events (AEs) among patients after discharge are related to medications. Female sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and pneumonia were identified as independent predictors for AEs.
A new study found that men who have sex with men experience depression at a rate three times higher than the general population. The issues related to homophobia were strongly predictive of depression among MSM, suggesting a direct link between social attitudes and mental health outcomes.
Antioxidants beta-carotene and vitamin C, as well as selenium, were associated with lower asthma prevalence in US youth under age 17. In contrast, continuous positive airway pressure therapy improved systolic heart function and reduced symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure and sleep apnea.
A clinical trial found that depression improved in most patients after three months of drug therapy, but 24% persisted with high scores. Moderate to severe pain at the start of treatment was associated with a higher risk of poor response.
Researchers analyzed combined data from large prospective studies and found a trend towards fewer hip fractures and nonspine fractures among statin users. However, analysis of clinical trials did not support a protective effect with statin use for hip or nonspine fracture.
Researchers found memantine significantly improved cognitive function, activities of daily living, behavior, and clinical global status in patients with moderate to severe AD. Treatment with memantine maintained cognitive function, while placebo was associated with decline.
Researchers found that ranolazine significantly reduced angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption in patients with chronic angina. Additionally, exercise duration increased by 115.6 seconds after 12 weeks of ranolazine therapy, providing promising results for this treatment.
A new study aims to investigate the effects of valproate on reducing agitation and slowing memory deterioration in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's. Researchers will also examine the drug's impact on brain volume loss and cell product manufacturing in Alzheimer's patients.
A JAMA study validates a new class of drugs for treating advanced Alzheimer's, improving cognitive function and daily life. The combination of memantine and donepezil shows statistically significant benefits for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a new ultrasound probe at Mayo Clinic that allows for better visualization of PFO defects, enabling more effective closure with catheter techniques. The results show a 93% success rate in closing the defect without complications.