Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study found that medical students lack sufficient training in critical skills like communication and interviewing, while another study showed course directors vary in teaching chronic care preparedness. To address these gaps, a new course at Johns Hopkins aims to improve patient-physician communication.
A substantial majority of people who purchased Prilosec OTC complied very well with the label instructions. The study found that frequent heartburn sufferers increased consultation with their physicians after using the medication.
A large trial found that interferon gamma-1b did not slow the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, but may improve survival in early-stage patients. The treatment's failure to prevent lung scarring was a major concern.
Recent evidence from randomized trials on hormone therapy and hypertension treatment led to a decline in hormone therapy prescriptions following publication of trial results. Alpha-blocker prescriptions also declined after the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) early termination.
Physician response to hormone therapy and blood pressure medication changes is influenced by public awareness and media coverage. The studies found a significant drop in hormone therapy prescriptions following the announcement of risks associated with long-term use.
Children under 18 were more than twice as likely to be harmed in placebo-controlled trials due to asthma exacerbations compared to those receiving standard asthma therapy. Established guidelines recommend anti-inflammatory medications for all children and adults with mild-persistent, moderate or severe asthma.
Researchers found that infants with reduced interferon gamma production at age 3 months and lower soluble CD14 levels at birth are 4.5 times more likely to develop recurrent wheezing. Chronic cough is also linked to abnormal release of inflammatory mediators within the airway, according to a separate study.
A survey of primary care doctors found that those who favored prescribing expensive medications were more likely to provide patients with free drug samples from pharmaceutical representatives. This may lead to a bias towards prescribing more expensive options, despite their comparable effectiveness to cheaper alternatives.
A double-blind study found that combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin significantly delayed BPH progression in men with symptomatic BPH. The treatment reduced the risk of acute urinary retention and need for surgical intervention by over 65%.
A study found that efalizumab significantly improved symptoms and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The medication reduced the frequency and severity of psoriasis symptoms, including itching and scaling, while also improving mental health and daily functioning.
A clinical trial of Prana's Alzheimer's disease drug, PBT-1 (Clioquinol), has shown a significant reduction in AD development. The study found an average change in score at 24 weeks of about 1.5 points on PBT-1 and about 8.9 on placebo.
A database study suggests that starting with lower doses of leflunomide can help patients tolerate the medication better, reducing adverse side effects and improving treatment outcomes. The research found no significant increase in severe toxicity, contrary to concerns raised during initial FDA approval.
Researchers found that a combination of ZDV, 3TC, and EFV was the most successful initial treatment regimen, with participants experiencing delayed failure and faster viral load suppression. However, using four drugs in combination did not prove more effective than sequential three-drug regimens, but did delay failure longer.
A study found that elderly patients taking Keppra alone achieved seizure freedom, even in those suffering from epilepsy for nearly 30 years. The medication's kidney-clearance mechanism avoids interactions with other drugs, making it a promising treatment option.
Researchers discovered a significant improvement in overall survival for people with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) after using the antibody rituximab plus fludarabine, increasing progression-free survival by 22% and overall survival by 12%.
A national expert panel updated widely used criteria for potentially harmful medications in older adults. The 1997 Beers Criteria has identified 48 medications to avoid, including estrogen and Benadryl, due to increased risk of adverse drug events such as depression and bleeding.
Researchers found that levetiracetam monotherapy can be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for adults with new onset and difficult-to-control epilepsy. After one year of treatment, 53% of patients were seizure-free, with some experiencing significant reductions in seizure frequency.
Researchers have identified late-life anemia as a risk factor for mortality and hospitalization in elderly adults. A new drug, CC5013, shows unprecedented activity in treating myelodysplastic syndrome, offering hope to patients.
A phase II trial found that AMD-3100, a new drug, increases the availability of stem cells in cancer patients undergoing transplantation. This boosts the chances of successful transplantation and may reduce the number of collections needed.
A study found that EGFR-positive breast cancer patients had worse disease-free and overall survival rates compared to those with negative EGFR expression. The findings suggest potential prognostic significance of EGFR status in breast cancer.
The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST) found that older hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease treated with a calcium antagonist strategy or a beta-blocker had similar outcomes. The study included over 22,500 patients and followed them for an average of 2.7 years.
Researchers discovered a new metabolite, endoxifen, which is present in higher concentrations than previously thought and varies with genetic composition. This finding suggests that tamoxifen's effectiveness may be influenced by individual differences in metabolism.
A randomized, double-blinded study found no differences between olanzapine and haloperidol in reducing schizophrenia symptoms or improving quality of life. Olanzapine was associated with higher costs due to its high price tag, despite slightly better cognitive status and less restlessness.
BAY 43-9006 shows promise as a treatment for kidney cancer, with 42% of patients experiencing tumor shrinkage. The compound targets both Raf kinase and VEGFR2, inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Researchers found tumor shrinkage and arrest in patients with advanced malignancies treated with SU11248, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA, and BAY 43-9006, targeting angiogenesis and cell growth signaling molecules. These preliminary results confirm the promise of these therapeutic approaches.
A new study found that ximelegatran, a novel oral thrombin inhibitor, is as effective as Coumadin in preventing strokes in people with atrial fibrillation but without the need for regular blood tests or dose adjustments. The drug has been shown to reduce major bleeding incidents and may be approved by the FDA within the next year.
A phase II trial found that 42% of patients with metastatic kidney cancer experienced at least a 25% reduction in tumor size, with 6 patients experiencing a 50% or greater response. The study's innovative design validated a new approach to phase II trial design.
A randomized study found that physostigmine reduces sleep-disordered breathing in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, particularly during REM sleep. The results suggest a possible new treatment for the condition.
Cardiac researchers report improved blood flow to ischemic heart muscle using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a potential new treatment for intractable ischemia. Meanwhile, ICD patients may be safer with vigorous exercise, while daytime sleepiness significantly affects the quality of life of angina patients.
Researchers found that women with hypertension in the SYMPHONY trials received more and different agents to reduce blood pressure than men, yet showed no significant difference in blood pressure control. The study highlights opportunities for improving medical therapy and outcomes in women.
A recent clinical trial study suggests that patients are more concerned with factors such as interest in a new medication and potential health benefits than conflicts of interest. Despite efforts to minimize conflicts of interest, patients showed varying levels of trust in different sponsors.
The Rochester center will focus on three uncommon neurological disorders: periodic paralysis, episodic ataxia, and nondystrophic myotonias. These disorders are caused by abnormal cell channels or gates that regulate crucial chemicals in our cells, leading to symptoms such as paralysis, muscle stiffness, and coordination loss.
A new study found valsartan therapy to be as effective as ACE inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular risk after a heart attack. Combining the two medications showed no additional benefit, but was associated with more adverse events.
A study by Duke University Medical Center cardiologists found that patients with atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure have similar mortality rates when treated with drugs controlling the heart's rhythm compared to those controlling the heart's rate. The study, which analyzed data from over 1,000 patients, also found no diff...
Researchers created a new brain mapping technique to visualize brain dynamics and dynamics of cortex maturation in children. The study found that gray matter loss begins first in motor and sensory parts of the brain, followed by areas involved in spatial orientation, speech, and language development.
The UK trial found no objective evidence that cannabis benefits people with multiple sclerosis, but a majority of patients reported improved symptoms. The study involved over 600 patients and assessed the effectiveness of cannabinoids in reducing muscle stiffness and improving overall wellbeing.
Researchers found that donepezil increased levels of N-acetylaspartate and slowed hippocampal deterioration, leading to improved cognition. The study used magnetic resonance imaging to track brain changes among patients taking the medication.
The FDNY Tobacco Cessation Program, a free, multi-modal approach, shows a 10-fold increase in quit rates compared to previous studies. At 6 months, 39% of participants were tobacco-free, with the program's success attributed to its combination nicotine replacement therapy and behavior-stress support.
Researchers have developed a new drug, ximelagatran, that is absorbed quickly and has no food or drug interactions, making it easier to manage than warfarin. The study found that the new drug was significantly superior to warfarin in preventing blood clots, with fewer side effects.
A study found that nearly 50% of Parkinson's patients on levodopa therapy experience 'wearing off' within one to two years, causing symptoms to re-emerge before the next dose. This phenomenon is associated with motor and non-motor symptoms, as well as autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
AstraZeneca's rosuvastatin has an inferior evidence base supporting its safe use compared to competitors. The company is facing unusually acute commercial pressure to force the drug into the market.
Lexiva demonstrated durable anti-viral response through 48 weeks, significantly less grade 2-4 drug-related diarrhea than nelfinavir. In PI-experienced patients, Lexiva/r showed fewer nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations after virologic failure compared to lopinavir/ritonavir.
Recent studies question the volume-outcome relationship, suggesting that patient characteristics and hospital quality may play a greater role than previously thought. Additionally, topical nerve growth factor shows promise in treating pressure ulcers, with significant healing outcomes reported.
The study found substantial survival increases after HAART, with death rates reduced by 50% in 1997 and over 80% by 2001. Injecting drug users had four times higher death rates than those infected through homosexual contact. Earlier diagnosis maximizes treatment gains.
Conotoxins have extraordinary promise for developing powerful new drugs, including treatments for pain, cancer, epilepsy, and depression. However, habitat loss and uncontrolled exploitation threaten the extinction of cone snail species, which are a valuable source of these medicines.
Researchers found a significant reduction in breast cancer risk among women taking statins and non-statin lipid-lowering drugs. The study analyzed data from over 7,500 older white women and found a 60-70% lower risk of developing breast cancer.
A new treatment approach combines a tailored medication regimen with the RAINBOW psychotherapy program to alleviate symptoms of bipolar disorder in children. The program has shown promising results, with 94% of children improving after treatment.
A new study found that adding aprepitant to standard treatment for nausea and vomiting can effectively prevent these symptoms following chemotherapy. The medication reduced nausea and vomiting both on the day of chemotherapy administration and in the days that followed.
Researchers found that even low levels of ground-level ozone increase asthma symptoms in children with active asthma. A 50 ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 35% increase in wheezing and chest tightness among asthmatic children on maintenance medication.
A two-year study found that caregivers refuse risk-free medications to slow Alzheimer's disease progression if it may impact their relative's quality of life. Caregivers with depression, financial burdens, or from racial minority groups were more likely to decline treatment.
Two studies found that combining parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alendronate increases bone mineral density (BMD) at least as well as or better than single drug treatment. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal effects of these drugs, particularly through sequential or cyclic therapy.
This edition of the Ophthalmology journal presents significant research findings on PRK after 12 years, multifocal intraocular lenses, and posterior capsule opacification. The studies also investigate photorefractive keratectomy outcomes, LASIK lens power calculation methods, and new treatments for glaucoma and retinal diseases.
The Tylenol Scholarship is one of the largest merit scholarship programs in the United States for all health-related studies. Since its inception in 1991, more than $6 million in scholarship grants have been awarded to over 5,000 students by McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals.
A Phase III trial found that docetaxel significantly improved survival rates and overall response rates compared to paclitaxel in women with advanced, incurable breast cancer. The median survival time was 15.4 months for docetaxel patients versus 12.7 months for paclitaxel patients.
A new study by ATAC found that Anastrozole enhances disease-free survival and reduces breast cancer recurrence, but increases bone fracture risk. The fracture rate peaks at 18-24 months before stabilizing, suggesting the overall benefit of Anastrozole remains
A new trial found a significant survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer, increasing patient lifespan by 4.1%. The study suggests that toxicity is still a major concern and calls for better tools to identify patients who will benefit from treatment.
A new study shows significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia when patients are switched to Risperdal Consta without a three-week overlap treatment period. The study found that side effects were mild to moderate, with extrapyramidal symptoms improving significantly by the first month.
A preliminary clinical trial found that a small molecule, GVG (vigabatrin), significantly reduced cocaine cravings and improved quality of life in participants. The study's lead author notes that the results provide compelling human data to support the efficacy of GVG for treating cocaine addiction.
A four-year study found that Risperdal significantly reduces the risk of relapse in schizophrenia patients, with a 42% lower rate compared to haloperidol. Patients taking Risperdal remained relapse-free for an average of over 15 months, whereas those on haloperidol were free for only seven months.
A study led by NYU Langone Health found that epilepsy drug GVG helped hard-core cocaine addicts stay clean for over 60 days. Forty percent of participants achieved sobriety without leaving their environment, gaining weight and living with their families.