Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study found that eight out of twelve patients achieved periods of abstinence of more than 28 consecutive days, and all eight were drug-free at the time of publication. Patients reported significant reductions in craving and improvements in self-esteem, family relationships, and work activities.
A randomized clinical trial will test whether daily tenofovir prevents HIV infection in 800 high-risk, uninfected Cambodian women. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiviral drug for preventing HIV-1 transmission in people.
Patients who traveled farther for cancer treatment had improved overall and progression-free survival rates, suggesting that access to information and resources plays a crucial role in cancer outcomes. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering travel distance as a potential factor in phase II clinical trial results.
Patients who traveled at least 15 miles for care had a one-third lower risk of dying during the trial and follow-up period compared to those living closer. The study found that patients with higher incomes, more education, and a supportive social network tended to fare better in terms of survival rates.
Pharmacokinetic data suggest that 908 can be co-administered with Maalox TC or Zantac without dose adjustments. Co-administration with Lipitor increased ATO exposure but did not affect 908 PK.
A study found that patients initially treated with voriconazole had better outcomes and incurred fewer antifungal drug costs than those treated initially with amphotericin B. The results showed a 53% success rate for voriconazole-treated patients compared to 32% for amphotericin B.
A new study suggests that black cohosh can effectively reduce hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain. The herb is found to have no estrogenic effects, making it a potentially safer alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapies.
The Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial will study the effect of statins on preventing buildup of fat in arteries. The trial aims to find a new method of preventing cardiac disease in lupus patients.
A Northwestern University team created a compound that inhibits death-associated protein kinase, reducing brain cell death after injury or stroke. The treatment has shown protection for up to six hours post-injury and can last for weeks.
Researchers found that structured treatment interruption in people with multidrug-resistant HIV led to more HIV-related complications and poorer immune response. The study suggests that continuing therapy guided by HIV drug resistance testing is a better approach for this group of HIV-infected individuals.
Researchers developed a novel computer protein design method that created a more efficient and stable version of the peptide Compstatin, which prevents autoimmune-mediated damage. The new method cut down on trial and error, allowing for faster development of potential biopharmaceuticals.
A study found that physicians often fail to discuss out-of-pocket costs with patients, leading to financial burden and skipped medication. Discussing costs can make a difference, enabling physicians to seek less expensive alternatives.
Regularly scheduled use of inhaled beta-agonists can result in airway hyperresponsiveness and prolonged asthmatic attacks, according to recent studies. Researchers suggest that targeting phospholipase C-beta may offer a new treatment approach for asthma patients.
Finnish investigators found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with a slower rate of decline in pulmonary function with aging. The study, which followed middle-age men over 25 years, suggests that regular exercise can delay the onset of age-related lung function decline.
A recent study tested pentosan polysulfate sodium and hydroxyzine hydrochloride on patients with interstitial cystitis, a debilitating condition affecting millions. The trial found that neither drug provided statistically significant relief for patients, but gained valuable information for future clinical trials.
A new study finds that istradefylline, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, improves motor function in Parkinson's disease patients with reduced dyskinesias. The medication reduces the time patients experience tremors, slowness, and stiffness by up to 1.7 hours per day
Researchers used transgenic mice to study CA4P's effect on choroidal neovascularization, finding it suppressed development and induced partial regression of established CNV. CA4P joins a growing list of drugs with potential as prophylactic agents for retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization.
Researchers propose alternative testing methods, such as heat-denatured p24 antigen tests and flow cytometric quantitation of CD4 T-cells, to measure progress in the war against HIV/AIDS. These affordable alternatives provide an indication of treatment response and help public health officials assess the effectiveness of their efforts.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that patients taking citalopram scored lower on a scale measuring compulsive shopping tendencies compared to those on a placebo. The majority of participants reported significant improvement in their symptoms, including reduced urges and interest in shopping.
Pilots who used nicotine gum or donepezil performed better in flight simulator tasks than control groups, while those who consumed alcohol showed impaired skills. The study suggests that nicotine and donepezil may help pilots cope with long flights without cigarettes.
A one-year study is being conducted at the University of Illinois Chicago to explore the effectiveness of botanicals in treating menopause symptoms. The research aims to determine whether these alternatives can provide relief from hot flashes and other symptoms, while also examining potential risks.
Two studies clarify that ADHD and BPD are distinct disorders that can occur in adults, and identify bupropion as a possible treatment for both conditions. The medications used to treat ADHD may exacerbate manic symptoms, but addressing both disorders is crucial for improved functioning and well-being.
CA4P, a vascular targeting agent, is being tested in humans for the first time to prevent and regress choroidal neovascularization, a major cause of vision loss in age-related macular degeneration. The trial is led by Johns Hopkins' Wilmer Eye Institute and funded by The Foundation Fighting Blindness, Inc.
A structured stop-and-start drug regimen could extend care to more patients in resource-poor countries while reducing HIV drug toxicity. However, the high cost of drugs needed for the study poses a significant challenge to its success.
The Rutgers Center for Genetic Research on Mental Disorders will investigate the genetic basis of mental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression. The center aims to identify inherited factors that determine individual likelihood for developing each disorder.
A study published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society found that chronic cannabis use has a small impact on learning and forgetting, suggesting selective memory defects. The research team suggests that heavy marijuana users often abuse other drugs with potential long-term neurological effects.
Finasteride has been shown to prevent prostate cancer in both low-risk and high-risk men. However, those on finasteride were more likely to develop high-grade cancers.
A new study by UT Southwestern finds that finasteride effectively reduces prostate cancer risk and improves symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The drug, already used to treat BPH, works by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which is involved in prostate cancer development.
Researchers discovered that patients who received Exelon before withdrawing from a study showed significantly less cognitive decline than placebo-treated patients. The findings suggest a possible effect in delaying the biological progression of Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study by Stanford researchers found that four of the 10 studied atypicals were more effective than conventional medications in treating psychotic symptoms. The effectiveness of new antipsychotics varies from drug to drug, but they generally carry a smaller risk of severe side effects compared to older medications.
Seroquel was shown to significantly reduce mean Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores in patients with bipolar disorder, with a faster reduction in symptoms compared to placebo. The medication was well-tolerated and had fewer side effects than other treatments like haloperidol.
A new report emphasizes the importance of subgroup analysis in clinical trials to detect sex differences, which could impact drug efficacy. The study highlights cases where inadequate dosing for women led to ineffective treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for better trial design and statistical analysis.
A new clinical trial shows that antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole reduces fungal infection risk in children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The study found a statistically significant reduction in cases, suggesting the addition of itraconazole to treatment regimens.
Researchers found that a Chinese herbal medicine called gastrodine compound granule significantly improved memory and behavioral scores in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. The study showed a 51.43% improvement rate, compared to 52% for the standard medication Duxilâ.
A groundbreaking study has identified mirtazapine as a highly effective treatment for sleep apnea, significantly reducing symptoms and improving breathing patterns. The medication, already approved for depression, showed the largest benefit and most consistent improvement of any pharmaceutical therapy in controlled studies.
A new study found that tamoxifen is effective in reducing breast cancer cell proliferation at lower doses, with decreases in biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease and blood clots. The results support a potential dose reduction for tamoxifen therapy without compromising its effectiveness.
A Duke University Medical Center analysis found that poverty is associated with worse short- and intermediate-term outcomes in heart disease patients, despite similar levels of care while in the hospital. Post-discharge factors such as poor diet, smoking, and non-compliance with medications contribute to these poorer outcomes.
The ITN multicenter islet transplant trial has confirmed that the procedure can be of great benefit to patients with serious and unstable type 1 diabetes. However, differences in success rates between individual clinical centers were noted, highlighting the need for expertise in islet preparation procedures.
The Ireland Cancer Center's Phase I and II trials report remarkable responses to new therapies for skin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and solid tumors. These innovative treatments overcome common complications like kidney and liver damage, offering hope to patients with limited treatment options.
A recent study suggests that a commonly used drug to prevent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated tumors in child liver transplant patients may not be effective. The trial, which enrolled nearly 90 children, found no statistically significant difference between those who received the active drug and those who received a placebo.
Researchers found that gefitinib can slow lung cancer tumor recurrence when used as maintenance therapy following chemotherapy. The study suggests that gefitinib may keep cancer cells dormant for a period of time.
Researchers at Stanford have shown positive results with a new chemotherapy combination, Iressa and FOLFOX, in treating colon cancer. The treatment has been effective in shrinking tumors by up to 75% in patients who had never received chemotherapy before.
Researchers found that a standard dose of Gleevec is as effective and less toxic than doubling the dose for treating GIST. The study confirms that Imatinib is remarkably sensitive to Gleevec and is the best therapy for treating these tumors, even with metastasis.
A study of TB patients found that females, older individuals, and those born in Asia were at higher risk for serious side effects. The six-minute walking test showed a significant improvement in distance walked with a continuous course versus a straight out-and-back course.
A study by Margaret A. Chesney found that noninjection drug use and unprotected receptive anal sex were the most likely predictors of risky sexual behavior among gay men, accounting for only one-third of cases. One-on-one counseling tailored to individual behaviors may be effective in preventing new HIV infections.
Researchers are conducting clinical trials at a new MIT facility dedicated to neutron capture therapy (NCT), which has shown promise in reducing damage to healthy tissues. The treatment involves administering a compound containing boron-10, followed by irradiation with epithermal neutrons, killing tumor cells while sparing healthy ones.
A study found that over half of illicitly distilled moonshine samples contained high levels of lead, a toxic substance that can harm those who abuse it. The researcher hopes to raise awareness about the dangers of drinking moonshine.
A study tracked 148 HIV-infected individuals aged 25-69 to determine factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral medication. Patients over 50 were more likely to adhere to their regimen, with 53% meeting the standard compared to 26% of younger patients.
Quetiapine has been shown to be statistically more effective at treating manic symptoms of bipolar disorder than placebo. The results of the clinical trials indicate rapid symptom improvement from day four and a favorable side effect profile, making it an exciting development in psychiatry.
A two-year study found significant improvements in ADHD symptoms in children treated with once-daily Adderall XR, with at least 35% sustained improvement. The medication remained effective in controlling symptoms over an extended period.
A four-week study of adults with ADHD found that extended-release mixed-salts amphetamine medication significantly improved symptoms and functioning. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed no evidence of drug tolerance, according to the researchers.
A clinical trial with over 2,900 patients found that once-daily Adderall XR significantly improved children's quality of life and reduced ADHD symptoms. The study used the PedsQL instrument to assess four health dimensions: physical, emotional, social, and school functioning.
A new meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials involving over 190,000 patients found that low-dose diuretics significantly reduced the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and death. Low-dose diuretics were found to be more effective than other medications in preventing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
The study presents data on quetiapine fumarate's efficacy in managing symptoms of acute mania in patients with bipolar disorder. The medication achieved significant responses in 48.1% of patients, with a high completion rate compared to the placebo group.
Effexor/Effexor XR demonstrated higher remission rates (41%) compared to SSRIs (35%), while also resolving physical symptoms of depression. The analysis included over 7,000 patients across 30 head-to-head studies.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has launched Phase II of the Medical Professionalism Charter Initiative, aiming to improve patient care and population health. The charter redefines professional conduct in healthcare, with over 90 associations endorsing it.
The KEPPRA international Phase IV SKATE study achieved a significant reduction in partial seizures in 49% of patients, with a seizure freedom rate of 17.2%. The study showed favourable efficacy across various subtypes of partial seizures.
In a clinical trial, patients taking oral topiramate were six times more likely to be continuously abstinent for at least one month. The study also showed significant reductions in plasma GGT levels, indicating improved liver health.
Researchers are testing a new stroke prevention drug, NC-758, to determine its effectiveness in reducing amyloid angiopathy-related strokes. The trial aims to assess the drug's potential benefits for patients with Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by excessive amyloid buildup.
Researchers found exponential killing of tuberculosis bacteria was more rapid with isoniazid, followed by rifampin's dominance. A study of acute monocytic leukemia revealed rapidly progressive respiratory distress, highlighting the need for early ICU admission and management.