Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new brain imaging method can accurately diagnose Alzheimer's disease by detecting specific tau protein depositions. The method has shown great sensitivity and specificity in detecting 90-95% of all cases of Alzheimer's, outperforming existing diagnostic methods.
New Zealand research found that infants on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are not at higher risk of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections. The study of over 21,000 infants dispensed PPIs between 2005 and 2012 revealed a relatively low number of serious lung infections among those using the medication.
Researchers found that targeting IL-1β reduced risk of gout attacks by half, with no change in serum urate levels, suggesting an independent mechanism. The study's findings could lead to new therapeutic avenues for both heart disease and crystal diseases like gout.
The POPULAR study confirms a significant association between neuromuscular blocking agents and respiratory complications after surgery. Established techniques to avoid residual paralysis did not lower the patients' risk of pulmonary complications.
A clinical trial has shown that targeted lung denervation (TLD) reduces chronic respiratory symptoms, exacerbations, and hospitalizations in COPD patients. The procedure involves delivering radiofrequency energy to the nerves on the outside of the airways, causing them to relax and widen.
A systematic review found that healthy infants and children taking probiotics are 29% less likely to receive antibiotics. Probiotics may reduce antibiotic use by reducing the incidence and duration of infections, making them a potential tool for physicians as an alternative to antibiotics.
The study found that prescription rates for ADHD medications are still lower than diagnosis rates worldwide, highlighting disparities in clinical approaches to treating the condition. In contrast, regions like North America have higher medication use rates, but also face concerns of overdiagnosis and overmedication.
A study found that only 49.5% of clinical trials in Europe reported results as required by EU regulations, with commercial sponsors being more likely to comply than non-commercial ones. The researchers also discovered inconsistencies in the EU Clinical Trials Register and developed a website to track compliance.
A new study by Centre for Addiction and Mental Health suggests that an inhaled form of a high blood pressure medication may treat certain types of anxiety as well as pain. The treatment uses a short-acting nasal spray called amiloride, which targets physiological changes in brain functioning linked to anxiety and pain sensitivity.
A new study found that mechanically ventilated patients treated with vasopressor medications have a higher risk of developing ICU-associated weakness. The use of beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulating vasopressors like norepinephrine was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of developing weakness.
A recent study by Boston Medical Center found that only 24% of youths receive FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder within three months of diagnosis. Patients who receive medication are more likely to remain in treatment compared to those who only receive behavioral health services.
Two DNA testing programs in Spain and UK successfully matched patient tumor profiles with targeted therapies, enabling new opportunities for personalized medicine. The programs use whole genome sequencing to identify specific genetic features of tumors and match them with early clinical trials.
A new antimalarial drug called DM1157 is being tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial for its safety and efficacy. The trial aims to enroll up to 104 healthy volunteers and assess the drug's impact on the human body.
A recent study found that black adults are at higher risk for dangerous blood pressure spikes, with nearly 90% of those experiencing hypertensive crisis being black. The study also revealed that anemia and chronic kidney disease can increase the risk of hypertensive emergencies.
A new international collaborative study led by Dr. Dick Menzies found that new TB drugs achieve excellent results in treating MDR-TB, demonstrating consistently better cure rates and reduced mortality compared to currently used treatments. The study prompted a complete overhaul of worldwide guidelines for MDR-TB treatment.
Researchers found that varenicline, a medication used to help cigarette smokers quit, had no effect on shisha smokers. Shisha smoking poses similar health risks as cigarette smoking due to inhalation of large volumes of tobacco and charcoal smoke.
A new influenza drug, baloxavir marboxil, has been shown to significantly shorten the duration of flu symptoms in teens and adults, clearing virus more quickly than placebo. The drug's antiviral potency was found to be similar to that of a five-day course of oseltamivir, but with greater effectiveness and no significant side effects.
A pilot study found that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improved arousal, lubrication, and orgasm in women with female sexual dysfunction. Eight out of nine participants reported significant improvements, comparable to or greater than prior studies of different treatments for FSD.
A Phase 1 clinical trial is underway to evaluate the immune-boosting properties of imiquimod cream in combination with an H5N1 influenza vaccine. The study aims to enhance the immune response conferred by the pre-pandemic vaccine, potentially reducing the number of doses required to achieve sufficient immunity.
A new intervention has been found to reduce mortality rates by 50% among people with HIV who inject drugs. The program combines psychosocial counseling, guidance on the healthcare system, and support from systems navigators to increase treatment participation and HIV suppression.
A study published in The Lancet found that telemedical interventional management reduced unplanned hospitalizations by 44% and increased life expectancy for patients with heart failure. Patients who received remote patient management interventions also showed significant reductions in all-cause mortality, regardless of their location.
A simple intervention program increased antiretroviral medication use by 30% among HIV-positive injection-drug users, while also reducing deaths and viral suppression. The flexible program was well-received globally and can be scaled up to improve worldwide health.
The HPTN 074 study demonstrates a significant reduction in mortality and increased antiretroviral therapy usage among participants, leading to improved viral suppression. The integrated intervention combining psychosocial counseling and substance use treatment referrals was associated with enhanced uptake of these services.
A phase 2 trial conducted by Cleveland Clinic shows that ibudilast decreased progression of brain atrophy in progressive MS patients by 48 percent versus placebo. The study also demonstrated the utility of advanced imaging in clinical trials to measure the impact of therapies on brain health.
Researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine discover a safe and non-addictive pain medication called AT-121, which suppressed addictive effects of opioids and produced morphine-like analgesic effects. The compound also blocks abuse potential of prescription opioids like buprenorphine, offering hope to treat pain and opioid abuse.
A clinical trial of over 250 participants with progressive multiple sclerosis found that ibudilast slowed down brain shrinkage compared to a placebo. The study showed a difference of approximately 2.5 milliliters of brain tissue between the two groups, but it is unclear if this translates to improved symptoms or function.
At ESC Congress 2018, a record 156 countries were represented, with over 4,500 abstracts presented in 500 expert sessions. Key clinical trials included MARINER, CAMELLIA-TIMI 61, and ASCEND, which may impact practice and guideline updates. The congress also featured new guidelines for hypertension care.
The BASKET-SMALL 2 trial found that a removable balloon is as good as a permanent stent for opening small blocked arteries, with no significant differences in major adverse cardiac events. The study showed improved outcomes without the need for prolonged treatment with anticlotting medicines.
Treatment with irbesartan, a blood pressure medication, slows aortic dilatation in children and young adults with Marfan syndrome. The five-year study found a clinically important reduction in aortic dilatation rates, potentially delaying surgical intervention and reducing complications.
A clinical trial of over 1,000 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators found that ranolazine was safe but did not significantly decrease the likelihood of the first occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia or death. However, it did lower the number of recurring episodes of ventricular tachycardia.
Studies present new approaches to treating small coronary artery disease with drug-coated balloons, reducing the need for stents. Radial access is associated with lower rates of adverse events compared to femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
A large trial found that long-term single antiplatelet therapy after stenting is relatively safe, but it does not reduce the risk of death or heart attacks compared to standard dual antiplatelet therapy. The study involved over 15,000 patients and followed them for two years.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been associated with a decrease in cost-related nonadherence to medication among adult stroke survivors. This is primarily attributed to the increase in Medicaid coverage and subsequent reduction in uninsurance rates within this group.
A study found that nearly 20% of children use prescription medications, with 7.5% using multiple medications simultaneously. Adolescent girls are most vulnerable to harmful drug-drug interactions due to higher concurrent use of antidepressants and other psychotropic medications.
A new study published in JAMA Neurology shows that the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion has reduced the number of young stroke survivors who stop taking their medications due to cost. The study found that nearly 31% of all stroke survivors aged 45-64 were covered by Medicaid, up from 24% in 2011-2013.
A phase three clinical trial has shown that tafamidis can reduce deaths by 30% and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations by 32%. The treatment also slows the decline in quality of life among patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. If approved, it would be the first medical therapy for this life-threatening disease.
The COMMANDER HF trial found that rivaroxaban did not significantly reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in patients with recent worsening of chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease. Rivaroxaban was associated with a lower rate of nonfatal stroke, but a higher risk of major bleeding compared to placebo.
Researchers found that only 8% of studies included some primary care patients, and none were conducted solely in primary care settings. Primary care physicians should be represented in advisory boards, considered for study grants, and primary care patients need to be included in trials of drugs used in primary care.
Research from the University of Sydney shows that high-quality medication reminder apps increase people's adherence to cardiovascular medication. A clinical trial found no additional benefits from advanced features like snooze reminders and social support structures.
A weight loss drug, lorcaserin, does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events, according to a study that enrolled over 12,000 adults. The trial found noninferiority of lorcaserin for major adverse cardiovascular events compared to placebo after three years.
Research suggests that patients with high blood pressure are more likely to rely on medication rather than reducing their salt intake, leading to higher blood pressure levels and increased medication use. Salt restriction is recommended as a key strategy to manage hypertension, but many patients fail to adhere to guidelines.
A new drug, upadacitinib, has been shown to be effective in patients with moderate to severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to conventional treatments. The drug, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1, has been found to improve joint swelling and pain symptoms in a phase III clinical trial.
A study found that having friends who are former smokers decreases the odds of quitting smoking, while highly connected friend groups also show promise. Participants reported strong support from their contacts, with 90% approving of using counseling to quit.
A type of cellular stress known as senescence has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and other human brain diseases. Researchers identified senescent cells in postmortem tissue from Alzheimer's patients and found them in another brain disease, progressive supranuclear palsy.
A new HIV therapy has been shown to reduce viral replication and increase immune cells in individuals with advanced, drug-resistant HIV infection. The study found that nearly half of patients experienced viral load suppression at six months, making it a promising option for those with multi-drug resistance.
A new study investigates pre-existing perceptions about pain medications in individuals with chronic pain, revealing that personalized care by a pharmacist can have a significant impact on patient experiences and outcomes.
Research identified four simple checks on brain scans that can help doctors predict patients at risk of further bleeding after a brain hemorrhage. These checks can be applied during routine care to monitor patients and improve survival rates, especially in low- or middle-income countries where access to advanced CT angiography is limited.
A phase 1 clinical trial at the University of Colorado Cancer Center has shown promising results, with 72% 2-year survival in heavy smokers. The combination of olaparib, cetuximab, and radiation was found to be synthetically lethal for cancer cells, leading to enhanced cell death.
A new drug repurposing study has identified two commonly prescribed medications that may increase the risk of heart disease. Hydroxychloroquine, an anti-rheumatic drug, was found to be associated with lower rates of coronary artery disease, while carbamazepine, a medication for epilepsy and neuropathic pain, may increase the risk.
The new strategy combines design of a chemical library, virtual screening, automated synthesis, and in vitro study of biological activity. This approach accelerates and automates the process of prototype molecule optimization, increasing chances of finding potential medicinal molecules.
A recent study found that initiating potentially inappropriate medication is associated with a higher risk of fracture-specific hospitalizations and mortality. The study also revealed higher hospital costs, highlighting the importance of monitoring and managing medication use in older adults.
A new study found that substandard and falsified medicines are a serious problem in much of the world. In low- and middle-income countries, over 13% of essential medicines are substandard or falsified, with antimalarials and antibiotics being the most commonly affected.
Research suggests that increasing alcohol taxes is the most cost-effective method of reducing alcohol-related harms. A 50% hike in alcohol excise taxes could add up to 500 healthy years of life for every 1 million people. Restrictions on advertising and hours of sale are also recommended.
A Johns Hopkins study found that fewer than half of Baltimore caregivers for preschool children with asthma can manage their child's chronic condition. The researchers evaluated caregiver preparedness through medication availability, identification, and dosing instructions.
Researchers developed an AI algorithm that analyzes brain scans to classify illness and predict medication response in patients with complex mood disorders. The algorithm correctly classified MDD and bipolar I diagnoses with 92.4% accuracy, predicting the correct medication response for 11 out of 12 patients.
A clinical trial called GutHeart Trial examines the relationship between gut bacteria and heart failure, testing antibiotic, probiotic yeast, or no treatment on patients with heart failure. The study aims to develop new treatment strategies and better understand how gut leakage affects inflammatory processes and heart failure.
A network meta-analysis and systematic review found methylphenidate to be the most effective and safe ADHD drug for short-term treatment in children, with amphetamines being the preferred choice for adults. However, more research is needed to confirm long-term effects of ADHD medications.
Extended-release naltrexone helps HIV-positive individuals reduce their number of heavy drinking days and improve antiretroviral therapy adherence. The study found significant decreases in heavy drinking days among participants receiving naltrexone, but no effect on antiretroviral adherence.
Researchers found that states expanding Medicaid eligibility in 2014-2015 saw a significant increase in diabetes medication prescriptions, with a 30% rise per 1,000 people. This growth was particularly notable for newer, more advanced forms of insulin and other medications, suggesting improved treatment outcomes.
Five low- and middle-income countries lack trained health workers and essential medicines, hindering readiness for noncommunicable diseases. Policymakers can engage private sector in addressing NCD burden through partnerships, medicine procurement, and service financing.