Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study found that nearly half of all quality improvement initiatives have little to no impact on quality of care. Effective feedback strategies include delivery from a respected colleague, repeated multiple times with specific goals and action plans.
A four-year trial found that 30% of patients with cryptogenic stroke had atrial fibrillation detected within three years with the device, compared to 3% in those who received standard follow-up care. Patients with atrial fibrillation were switched to blood thinners, which proved more effective in preventing future strokes.
A new study found that people are more accepting of using performance-enhancing products for personal gain than for athletic performance. The research suggests that brands can make their products more appealing by reframing their effects as enabling true abilities rather than embellishing beyond them.
Adding MM-398 to standard treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer improves overall and progression-free survival, according to a phase III trial. The combination therapy showed significant benefits over standard treatment alone, but with higher gastrointestinal side effects.
The PLOS Medicine editors call for more research on approaches to preventing deliberate attacks on health care facilities and health workers during armed conflict. Despite increased international initiatives and conferences, attacks on healthcare have escalated, causing significant harm to populations.
Research shows women with Type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol have poorer adherence to statin medication, leading to lower LDL cholesterol levels compared to men. The study highlights the need for gender-based evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.
A small clinical trial has found that a growth factor known as IGF1 can help treat some symptoms of Rett syndrome, including improved mood, anxiety, and easier breathing. Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital led the trial, which showed no adverse side effects and provided some effectiveness in treating the disease.
A multicenter study found that liraglutide, a diabetes drug, reduced weight and improved cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The results showed significant improvements in weight loss and lipid profiles, suggesting a potential lower risk of heart disease.
A multinational study found that long-term denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis leads to significant increases in bone density and sustained low rates of fractures. The treatment also shows a favorable benefit/risk profile, with no increase in overall risk of cancer, infection, or cardiovascular disease.
A study found that surgical patients who received a simple, multicolor instruction sheet before surgery were more likely to comply with their physician's instructions and experience a shorter post-op stay. The study also noted lower compliance rates in African-American and older adult patients with multiple chronic diseases.
Researchers found that persons with lower blood vitamin D levels were twice as likely to die prematurely as those with higher levels, regardless of bone disease risks. The study supports previous findings on low vitamin D being hazardous and provides reassurance on safe dosing up to 4,000 IU/day.
Men with type 2 diabetes lost 12% of abdominal fat and reduced blood sugar levels by 20%, while those with high blood pressure showed improved heart rate and fitness, reducing the risk of heart disease. Football training also provided social benefits and increased motivation for further exercise.
A new study found that African Americans taking metformin saw greater improvements in blood sugar control compared to white individuals. The study suggests that metformin is more effective at controlling blood glucose in African Americans, who are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.
A study of 2,654 pregnant women found that PTSD and a major depressive episode were associated with a four-fold increased risk of preterm birth. The risk appears independent of antidepressant or benzodiazepine medication use.
A new trial has found that levodopa is better than newer treatments for Parkinson's disease patients, particularly in terms of mobility and quality of life. The study, the largest ever performed on PD treatment, showed small but persistent benefits of starting treatment with levodopa.
A long-term study found that statin use is associated with less physical activity among older men, with an average loss of 40 minutes per week. This could decrease the medication's benefit and impact overall health, especially in those who are already frail or sedentary.
Researchers found that a daily lycopene supplement improved endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular disease, but not in healthy volunteers. The supplement showed significant improvements in widening of blood vessels by over half compared to baseline.
Researchers at McGill University discovered a tiny molecule, miR-1202, that regulates glutamate receptors and is lower in the brains of depressed individuals. The study found that this microRNA increases with antidepressant treatment, suggesting it could be a potential target for developing new treatments.
The study's findings highlight the importance of API hydration in determining physical properties, such as stability and solubility. The research provides valuable insights into the mechanistic relationships between dehydration stages and lattice structure changes.
A new antibiotic, oritavancin, has shown effectiveness in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other skin infections with a single dose. The study found that the prolonged activity of oritavancin allows for a single-dose treatment, which could potentially prevent hospitalizations and reduce healthcare costs.
A study published in New England Journal of Medicine shows that dalbavancin is as effective as vancomycin in treating serious bacterial skin and skin-structure infections, including MRSA. The antibiotic has been proven to be an effective therapy for these infections, allowing for treatment once a week instead of several times a day.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that naloxegol increased bowel movements among patients with opioid-induced constipation, providing rapid and sustained relief without compromising pain management. The investigational drug is designed to block opioids from binding to receptors in the gastrointestinal t...
Scientists developed an edible film containing clove and oregano essential oils to preserve bread freshness. The films outperformed a commercial antimicrobial agent in maintaining bread's quality over 10 days.
The University of Notre Dame's Marya Lieberman has received a Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop printed test cards for rapid field screening of human and animal medications. The test cards can detect low-quality medications, applying economic pressure to companies that manufacture or distribute them.
Research presented at the American Heart Association's Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2014 found that Chinese stroke patients who received guideline-recommended treatments had a significant drop in pneumonia from 20% to almost 5%. However, only 55.5% of eligible patients received all recommended treatments.
Women aged 55 or younger are more likely to experience poorer physical functioning, mental functioning, quality of life, chest pain, and physical limitations after a heart attack. This disparity is attributed to various factors, including undetected chest pain, access issues, and increased work-life responsibilities.
A study found that Hispanics have reduced the gap in taking prescribed heart medicines since the 2006 launch of Medicare's prescription drug benefit. Medication adherence increased most among whites and Hispanics, but only slightly among African-Americans.
Four phase III trials released findings on new chemotherapy regimens and targeted treatments for advanced cancers. The studies confirm the effectiveness of commonly used treatments and provide insights into optimal patient care.
A phase I and II clinical trial demonstrated a near doubling of progression-free survival benefit for the combination therapy compared to olaparib alone. The study results showed significant improvement with the use of the combination drug therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer, suggesting a new treatment option for patients.
A clinical trial has shown that a combination of drugs, including olaparib and cediranib, can significantly improve progression-free survival for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. The study found that the combination therapy doubled the benefit of using olaparib alone.
A Cochrane review found that rectal artesunate reduces deaths in young children with severe malaria, but its use in older children and adults is less clear due to low-quality evidence. The treatment could be a lifesaver in rural areas where injections are unavailable.
A long-term population-based cohort study found that using vasodilators was associated with a 72% greater risk of developing early-stage AMD. Oral beta blockers were also linked to an increased risk of neovascular AMD, a more advanced and vision-threatening form.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that letting patients choose their PTSD treatment can lead to significant cost savings and a higher quality of life. The study showed that patients who were allowed to select their own treatment spent an average of $1,622 less per year compared to those who were assig...
A new study found that delaying anti-clotting medication after a coronary artery stent can increase the risk of heart attack and death. Filling prescriptions promptly within days of hospital discharge may help prevent these complications.
Critically ill patients receiving steroids in the ICU are significantly more likely to develop delirium, with up to 80% of ventilated patients at risk. Minimizing steroid use may reduce delirium and its long-term impact on functional recovery and cognitive function.
Researchers have successfully blocked autophagy in a range of aggressive cancers, including glioblastoma, melanoma, and myeloma, using hydroxychloroquine. The study shows that combining autophagy inhibitors with other cancer therapies can be safe and effective for patients with very sick cancers.
The ACCOAST trial data showed that pre-treatment with prasugrel in NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI was inferior to treatment after angiography, but the results did not change practitioners' current practice. The new session format aims to translate clinical trial science into daily practice.
A new study found that reminders and feedback significantly improve medication adherence among asthma patients, leading to better asthma control. The study used an electronic inhaler monitor to track patient behavior and compared the effects of two interventions: daily reminders and personalized discussions with doctors.
A recent study found that antibiotics were prescribed at a high rate for acute bronchitis in the US between 1996 and 2010, contrary to guidelines. The rate of antibiotic prescribing increased significantly during this time period, from 60-80% in the early 2000s to 71% by 2010.
A study found no significant difference in effectiveness between long-acting injectable versions of second-generation and older antipsychotic medications. Participants taking paliperidone palmitate gained weight, while those taking haloperidol decanoate lost weight.
A novel guanylate cyclase stimulator improved exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with inoperable or recurrent CTEPH, closing a therapeutic gap. The drug was well-tolerated and showed significant improvements in six-minute walking distance.
Researchers found 27 compounds with antiviral activity against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV in cell culture. Experimental compound also inhibits replication of other coronaviruses, including mouse hepatitis virus.
A large multicenter clinical trial led by Dr. Gerard J. Criner found that statin drugs do not reduce the number and severity of flare-ups from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study tested the hypothesis that statins may be beneficial in persons with COPD due to their anti-inflammatory effect.
Researchers at Mount Sinai present landmark studies on an immune response in prostate cancer tumors, effects of paternal age on live birth rates and treatment modalities for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The studies demonstrate complexities of immunotherapy and its impact on survival rates and fertility outcomes.
The PARADIGM-HF trial was stopped early due to a statistically significant reduction in primary composite endpoint and cardiovascular mortality. LCZ696 demonstrated benefits by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and augmenting endogenous natriuretic peptides, offering an alternative to the gold standard treatment enalapril.
Two studies in JAMA Ophthalmology investigated glaucoma medication adherence, finding that a sizable number of patients struggle to use prescribed eye drops. Electronic monitoring revealed that 82.8% of patients took their medication correctly on at least 75% of days, highlighting the need for risk calculators to identify nonadherent p...
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have discovered a treatment for life-threatening ACE inhibitor angioedema, allowing patients to be discharged sooner. The study found that Ecallantide was more effective in reducing swelling and side effects compared to conventional therapy.
A study finds that clinical trial outcome data is often missing or inconsistent in global databases, making it challenging to access unbiased results. The investigators propose strategies to improve reporting, including simpler trial registration and uniform posting of results on registries.
A comprehensive analysis of over 120 studies reveals that medications like acamprosate and oral naltrexone show promise in decreasing alcohol consumption, with an average number needed to treat (NNT) of 12 for both. These findings highlight the potential benefits of medication-assisted treatment for adults with alcohol use disorders.
Two medications, acamprosate and oral naltrexone, have shown promise in reducing return to drinking and improving other drinking outcomes. The study provides additional options for clinicians to address alcohol use disorders, a global concern associated with many health problems.
A landmark study shows that intensive insulin treatment significantly improves survival in patients with type 2 diabetes who have had a heart attack. The trial, which followed patients for up to 20 years, found that those who received intensified insulin treatment survived an average of 2.3 years longer than those on standard treatment.
Treating ADHD with stimulant medication is associated with lower smoking rates, particularly in those taking the medication consistently. The study analyzed 14 longitudinal studies and found a significant association between stimulant treatment and reduced smoking frequencies.
Researchers at Wayne State University are investigating grape skin extract as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. The study aims to understand the novel inhibitory activity of GSE on postprandial hyperglycemia, with hopes of developing a safe and targeted nutritional intervention.
A new study found that Orlistat patients attribute weight loss failure to side effects or ineffective medication. Patients described barriers such as psychological and physical health issues, relationships, and alternative methods of weight loss, emphasizing the need for better patient support and dietary education.
A study by McMaster University found that defibrillator testing is not necessary and can cause serious complications in patients receiving ICDs. The study, involving 2,500 patients, showed those who didn't undergo the test had similar outcomes to those who did.
A study of over 80,000 patients found that antipsychotic medication reduced violent crime rates by 45%, while mood stabilisers lowered rates by 24%. The findings suggest that these medications can help prevent violence in patients with psychiatric disorders.
A recent study by Yale University researchers found that black male incarceration has compromised research studies on health outcomes, leading to a significant loss of follow-up data. The study estimated that high incarceration rates among black men may have accounted for up to 65% of the loss of follow-up among this group.
A new analysis of data from two independent studies shows that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) administered with the NeuroStar TMS Therapy System resulted in greater symptom improvement than conventional antidepressant medication among patients with Major Depressive Disorder who failed to benefit from prior treatment. Additiona...
A study implemented an electronic tool to review pediatric patients' medication history at admission, reducing medication errors by 50%. The tool improved recording of medication history from 89% to 93% and decreased error rate from 5.9 to 2.5 errors per 1,000 admissions.
Researchers found EFdA, a soy sauce molecule, is up to 70 times more potent than Tenofovir, a first-line HIV drug, offering new hope for patients developing resistance. The compound works by hijacking the HIV replicating process, preventing virus spread.