Articles tagged with Drug Studies
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A new clinical trial has launched, aiming to prevent Alzheimer's disease by giving new drug treatments before dementia symptoms appear. The trial, led by principal investigator Randall Bateman, is testing two innovative treatments and has been made possible through a unique collaboration of private and public resources.
Shifting employee bonuses from self to others increases job satisfaction and team sales, according to research published in PLOS ONE. When employees spend bonuses on colleagues, teams perform better, leading to increased earnings as a whole.
Hospitalizations for endocarditis have declined in recent years, but a disparity in outcomes persists among black patients. The study suggests that a reduction in antibiotic use may be contributing to the decline, and clinicians should consider individual risks and benefits on a case-by-case basis.
In a Pfizer-sponsored clinical trial, varenicline was found to help smokers with depression quit smoking, with 36% of participants quitting during treatment and 20% remaining abstinent after 40 weeks. The study suggests that varenicline may improve efforts by depressed smokers to quit tobacco use.
The EORTC will present various cancer research studies, including a phase III trial on breast cancer radiation therapy and a study on the use of data warehouses for response measurements. The organization will also showcase its clinical trials and discuss regulatory issues.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that young people in Denmark choose studies based on their parents' social class and educational background. Students from working-class backgrounds opt for '9 to 5' studies with clear job profiles, while those from university-educated families pursue prestigious studies with strong i...
The SHIVA trial is the first randomised trial to look at patient outcomes after treatments were chosen according to individual molecular profiles. Preliminary results show that this approach works, paving the way for personalized treatment and a potential major change in cancer drug development.
A substudy within the Partners PrEP Study shows that high adherence to antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. With over 99% adherence rate, only 14 participants became HIV-positive during an average follow-up period.
Researchers found that heart disease patients with positive attitudes exercised more and had a lower risk of dying during the follow-up period. Positive mood and exercise also cut the risk of heart-related hospitalizations.
A substudy found that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be highly effective in preventing HIV infection with high adherence rates. Participants who received counseling and support showed 100% efficacy, while those who did not showed significantly lower rates of adherence.
A study found that 11% of ICU patients received treatments perceived by physicians as 'futile', with high costs and poor outcomes. The majority of patients received appropriate care, but many were given aggressive therapies without expected benefits.
A 15-year study at Cleveland Clinic found that 72.5% of previously statin-intolerant patients could take statins on subsequent trials. Even those who couldn't tolerate daily dosing benefited from taking the drug less often.
A new study suggests that virtually observed treatment (VOT) method can effectively monitor TB medication adherence, allowing for remote completion of treatment without direct observation. The VOT technique requires patients to send short videos of themselves taking their medication to healthcare providers using a mobile phone.
A large international study has found that the drug tiotropium can be delivered safely and effectively to people with COPD using either a mist or traditional dry powder inhaler. The study showed no significant difference in the incidence of major cardiovascular events or risk of death between the two groups.
A new study found that combining multiple medications into one pill improves medication adherence and reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study involved 2,004 participants in the UK, Ireland, Netherlands, and India, with polypill users taking medications regularly by a third more than usual care.
A randomized trial found that a fixed-dose combination medication for blood pressure, cholesterol, and platelet control resulted in significantly improved medication adherence after 15 months. The study also showed modest but significant improvements in systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield have identified a synthetic drug, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), that may slow down Parkinson's progression by making faulty mitochondria work normally again. This breakthrough discovery has the potential to improve symptoms and possibly halt disease progression.
A recent study by the European Society of Cardiology found that aliskiren did not improve coronary artery disease progression in patients with prehypertension. However, exploratory findings suggested potential benefits for patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease and blood pressure levels treated to goal.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk have similar rates of cardiovascular events when treated with alogliptin compared to placebo, according to the Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care trial. The findings provide reassurance for clinicians treating patients with type 2 dia...
The ASSURE study found that the experimental apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) inducer RVX-208 failed to incrementally impact atherosclerotic plaque, despite promising earlier findings. The lack of efficacy was attributed to adverse events and liver enzyme elevations in the treatment group.
The study found that edoxaban was non-inferior to warfarin in treating VTE, but efficacy was superior in patients with pulmonary embolism and right ventricular dysfunction. Edoxaban also showed reduced bleeding rates in high-risk sub-groups.
A mass screening program in Sweden identified 5% of 75- to 76-year-olds with untreated atrial fibrillation. The study found that more than 90% of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation were started on oral anticoagulation treatment, which reduces the risk of stroke by up to 70%.
A study of 2380 cases found that unintentional buprenorphine exposure in children under 6 led to lethargy, respiratory depression, and death. The majority of exposures involved tablets, highlighting the need for caregivers to store medications safely.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that a blood pressure medication speeds up TB treatment in mice, potentially making it easier for infected people to complete their therapy. The study suggests verapamil, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and headaches, could be an effective add-on therapy when combined with standard...
Researchers analyzed over 350,000 patients in 860 phase III trials and found that new treatments outperform existing ones around half the time. The study suggests the randomized controlled trial system is working as intended despite needing tweaks for better design and reporting.
A new study found no link between distrust in medical research and willingness to participate in related studies, contrary to popular belief. African Americans and Mexican Americans were more likely to endorse HIV conspiracy beliefs but significantly more willing to volunteer for HIV vaccine research.
A new all-oral drug regimen has been found to be highly effective in clearing the hepatitis C virus and well tolerated in patients who historically have had unfavorable prognoses. The study showed a cure rate of about 70 percent using regimens without interferon, offering hope for those with chronic HCV infection.
Researchers at the University of Montreal found that cannabis use during adolescence is associated with increased risk of addiction and mental health problems. The study suggests that specific genetic and behavioral factors influence an individual's likelihood of developing a dependence on cannabis.
Researchers at the Seaver Autism Center will test Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in children with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, a severe type of autism. IGF-1 has shown preclinical promise in reversing nerve cell communication deficits and restoring learning and memory abilities.
Two studies found that vedolizumab resulted in remission and reduced use of prednisone for patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The medication blocks immune system cells that trigger inflammation, reducing side effects commonly associated with other treatments.
The GEMINI studies found vedolizumab to be an effective treatment for patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study suggests that the drug may provide people living with these conditions an additional option for inducing and maintaining clinical remission.
A survey of 139 Alzheimer's clinical trial leaders found that a majority supported disclosing test results to study participants, citing the need for guidance and counseling. The study suggests that as biomarkers improve, experts want to share valid results with participants, while also addressing potential harms and benefits.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests that shoppers should make more conscious choices about what to add to their shopping baskets. Researchers found that additional purchases can either attenuate or exacerbate embarrassment, depending on whether they counterbalance or complement embarrassing products. The findings h...
Researchers tested haloperidol, a commonly used antipsychotic, in 141 critically ill patients on artificial ventilation. The study found that haloperidol had no effect on reducing delirium or mortality rates, but may help reduce sedation requirements. Non-pharmacological interventions are more effective in preventing delirium.
A US model of collaborative care for depression has been shown to improve symptoms immediately after treatment. After 12 months, 15% more patients remained improved compared to those who saw their GP alone.
A new study suggests that a half-dose of prasugrel, an anti-platelet drug used to treat heart attacks, works as well as the typical dosage in older patients over 75. The research found no greater risk of bleeding problems with a lower dose of 5-mg/day prasugrel compared to the standard 75-mg clopidogrel dosage.
The TRILOGY ACS trial found that patients who had an angiography followed by prasugrel had fewer heart attacks and strokes compared to those who had an angiography followed by clopidogrel. This benefit was not seen in patients who did not have angiography.
A recent clinical trial found that patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes treated with teplizumab exhibit greater preservation of C-peptide, a biomarker of islet cell function. Further analysis identified a discrete subset of treatment responders who demonstrated especially robust responses.
A clinical trial of eteplirsen, an exon-skipping drug, shows promising results in improving walking performance for DMD patients by increasing dystrophin production and muscle growth. The study demonstrated a 52% increase in dystrophin-positive muscle fibers and significant improvements on the six-minute walk test.
A study found cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mice is mediated by calpain 1 and 2, particularly calpain 2. Calpain's role suggests potential for clinical prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate deafness caused by cisplatin.
A new study published in JAMA found that treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence simultaneously does not lead to increased drinking, but rather improves treatment outcomes. Prolonged exposure therapy combined with naltrexone reduced cravings and drinking days, even after treatment stopped.
A study found that naltrexone treatment reduced the percentage of days drinking among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence. The combination of prolonged exposure therapy and naltrexone did not increase drinking or alcohol craving, contradicting common views.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have successfully synthesized a highly complex, plant-derived compound called ingenol, which has long been of interest for its potential in treating various cancers. The efficient chemical synthesis will enable scientists to investigate the therapeutic properties of ingenol derivatives and pote...
Researchers demonstrate that a single course of rituximab therapy is as effective as the current standard of care regimen in patients with ANCA-associated Vasculitis. The RAVE study shows that a short course of rituximab can induce and maintain remission, providing an alternative to long-term cyclophosphamide treatment.
A new study by the NIH-funded Immune Tolerance Network found that rituximab is as effective as standard therapy in inducing and maintaining disease remission in people with severe forms of vasculitis. The drug requires shorter treatment duration, reducing the risk of long-term side effects such as cancer, infertility, and infection.
A University of Cincinnati-led trial has shown that combining the clot-busting drug tPA with an antiplatelet medication eptifibatide dissolves blood clots more quickly and safely than tPA alone. The study found that 50% of patients treated with both drugs had good outcomes, compared to 36% of those receiving tPA alone.
A University of Utah study suggests that isoflurane, a surgical anesthetic, may provide an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treating drug-resistant depression. The pilot study found significant reductions in symptoms of depression with both ECT and isoflurane treatments.
A new study found that flow restrictors can limit access to liquid medications in bottles without child-resistant caps. The study showed that older children were more successful at removing test liquid, but none of the youngest children could remove 5mL of test liquid within 10 minutes.
A systematic review of guidelines for in vivo animal experiments identified key procedures to enhance preclinical efficacy studies. Researchers recommend prioritizing sample size calculation, randomized treatment allocation, and disease phenotype characterization to improve clinical relevance.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings documents 146 contemporary medical practices that have been reversed due to lack of evidence. The study analyzed 10 years of original articles from the New England Journal of Medicine, finding that only a minority tested current medical practices, and 40% found them ineffective.
Researchers discovered that inhibiting neural pathways between the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens reduces compulsive drinking in rats. The study's findings suggest a potential link to FDA-approved medications targeting these pathways, which could accelerate the development of new treatments for human compulsive drinking.
A two-year trial has shown that Avastin is equally effective to Lucentis in treating wet AMD, with better visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the regular treatment group. The study, led by Queen's University Belfast, could lead to changes in treatment protocols and save the NHS £84.5m annually.
New data presents promising evidence for novel therapies targeting hippocampal neurogenesis and adrenergic receptors in Alzheimer's patients. Computerized cognitive tests show potential in improving attention and memory in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy Bodies.
A new study found that topiramate reduced alcohol cravings but did not decrease drinking in individuals with cocaine and alcohol dependence. However, those on topiramate were more likely to stay in treatment and abstain from cocaine during the last three weeks of the trial.
Ketamine use in pediatric anesthesia may lead to long-term cognitive and behavioral problems in young children. Research suggests that ketamine's neurotoxic effects, particularly tau phosphorylation, can damage developing neurons and microtubule function.
A study of 73,527 high blood pressure patients found that non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication increases the risk of stroke and hospitalization. Patients who didn't take their medication correctly had a nearly four-fold increased risk of dying from stroke in the second year after first being prescribed drugs.
A systematic review of 50 studies reveals the prevalence of inhalant use among street children is high, with significant health consequences. The study highlights critical knowledge gaps, including understanding causes, sex-specific data, and the link between drug use and risky behavior.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute found that MDPV, a stimulant in 'bath salts', can induce strong cravings and repetitive behaviors similar to those seen in methamphetamine users. The study suggests MDPV may be more addictive than methamphetamine, with rats working harder to obtain the drug.
A new study found that recent drinking is related to the orbitofrontal-region brain response to an intensely sweet stimulus, which may indicate risk for developing alcoholism. The research used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and recruited healthy volunteers to examine brain responses to sweet tastes and drinking patterns.
Despite improvements, more than 40% of postmarketing studies had not yet been started by 2011, and the proportion of fulfilled studies remains low. The number of studies with delays doubled to approximately 1 in 8 as of 2011.