Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used advanced imaging techniques to determine which patients with glioblastoma would benefit from anti-angiogenic drugs. Persistent improvement in vessel perfusion and oxygen delivery was found to be associated with longer survival rates among patients.
Women who underwent bariatric surgery experienced significant improvements in sexual functioning, including arousal and satisfaction, as well as better reproductive hormone levels and reduced depressive symptoms. They also reported improved body image after weight loss.
Two studies surveyed parents and adolescents at school-based health centers (SBHCs) and found highly positive views, with 83% trusting the providers to take good care of their children. SBHCs serve as the main source of medical care for many students, offering vaccinations, check-ups, and mental health counseling.
A new Northwestern University study reveals that physiological changes during pregnancy reduce the effects of commonly used bipolar medications, making women more vulnerable to recurring episodes. Women with bipolar disorder may require higher doses to stay well during pregnancy.
Two new studies demonstrate the effectiveness of sofosbuvir in preventing post-transplant recurrence of hepatitis C virus in liver transplant recipients. The experimental anti-viral drug was found to be safe and effective in over 60% of patients, offering a new hope for those with limited treatment options.
Glen J. Weiss, MD, presents studies on TSR-011, a potent ALK and TRK inhibitor, and Ki67, a measure of cell proliferation, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors collected before chemotherapy and after surgery. These studies show preliminary clinical activity against various tumor types.
The OPTIMIZE trial found that shortening dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation may reduce bleeding risks and treatment costs. Patients who received shorter-term therapy had similar rates of NACCE as those on longer-term therapy.
The HYBRID trial found that combining minimally invasive CABG with percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe for patients with multi-vessel disease. At one year, 89.8% of the hybrid group was free from major adverse cardiac events.
The GIANT trial found that identifying slow responders to clopidogrel through genetic profiling and adjusting treatment leads to reduced adverse events and similar ischemic event rates compared to those with a favorable genetic profile. This suggests alternative treatment strategies for patients identified as CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.
A new trial found that patients who have no major cardiac events in the first year following coronary stenting may not require extended dual antiplatelet therapy, reducing the risk of bleeding complications. The study suggests a potential shift towards shorter treatment durations for this group of patients.
A new trial found that routine availability of platelet function testing had a modest impact on selecting and dosing anti-clotting therapy. However, no significant effect was observed on major adverse cardiac events or bleeding complications.
A study found that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected individuals with uninfected sexual partners can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent viral transmission. In South Africa, the treatment was projected to save money during the first five years, while in India, it was determined to be cost-effective o...
The TRYTON trial compared a new bare metal bifurcation stent with standard practice and found it safe, but did not meet the non-inferiority endpoint. The strategy showed improved angiographic outcomes in larger side branches, but more frequent peri-procedural CK-MB elevations.
The LEVANT 2 trial presents favorable 6-month data on drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treating femoropopliteal artery disease. Patients treated with a drug-coated balloon experienced higher primary patency rates (92.3%) compared to those receiving standard PTA alone.
Researchers at Indiana University have developed a molecule combining GLP-1 and GIP peptides, which shows improved therapeutic effects in controlling glucose levels and weight loss. The study demonstrates the potential of this combination as an effective treatment for adult-onset diabetes and obesity.
The SORT-OUT VI trial found that both zotarolimus-eluting and biolimus-eluting stents were associated with low major adverse cardiac events. The study demonstrated the non-inferiority of biocompatible polymer stents compared to biodegradable polymer-coated stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
A new drug, Linaclotide, has been found to effectively relieve abdominal pain in IBS-C patients through a novel physiological pathway. The study's findings provide significant relief for approximately one-third of IBS-C sufferers who have struggled with this debilitating condition.
A recent study confirms that medication and lifestyle changes are safer and more effective at preventing stroke than surgical stenting. The study found no significant benefit of surgery in reducing the risk of new strokes or death among patients with narrowed brain arteries.
A NIH-funded study found that a therapy combining medication and lifestyle changes is more effective than surgically implanted stents at preventing recurrent stroke. The novel approach resulted in lower stroke rates and improved blood pressure and lipid levels among participants.
A new study reverses the prevailing theory on diabetic kidney disease, finding that elevated glucose levels do not cause the condition but rather suppressing mitochondrial activity. The researchers discovered that boosting beneficial AMPK activity through lifestyle changes or drug activation can reduce kidney disease severity.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital reveals four novel genetic variants associated with how people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respond to inhaled bronchodilators. The findings may reveal genetic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of COPD and identify novel treatment methods.
A new class of drug RPL554 has been developed to treat obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD. It works by both reversing the narrowing of the airways and reducing inflammation, producing a 17% increase in respiratory function.
A new study found that only 4% of new drugs and vaccines approved between 2000-2011 were for neglected diseases, highlighting a 'fatal imbalance' in R&D efforts. Researchers highlight the need to develop and deliver groundbreaking treatments for poor patients.
A new report from Harvard University proposes recommendations for addressing the challenge of expanding public access to clinical trial data. The authors suggest a system that balances the need for transparency with the protection of research participants' identities, while also minimizing burdens on trial sponsors.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic adults without risk factors. In contrast, patients with hypertension and stage 1-3 CKD should be treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs to manage elevated low-density lipoprotein levels. The evidence review suggests tha...
The drug, ProHema, was developed based on zebrafish studies and has shown promising results in a Phase I clinical trial. The trial demonstrated that treatment with the drug before transplant improved engraftment and reduced time to rebuild a patient's blood system.
A systematic review of 36 studies found that truck drivers frequently use substances like alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, and cocaine while on the road. The prevalence varies widely depending on factors such as age, income, trip duration, and work conditions.
A new study by Joyce You found that newer anticoagulants are more cost-effective than warfarin when patients' therapeutic ranges drop below 60%. Warfarin is most cost-effective when patients are within the successful range for more than 70% of the time. The study's results have implications for clinicians and policymakers.
A UC San Francisco researcher recommends prioritizing dietary calcium intake over supplements to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. The recommended daily dose is 1,200 mg per day, with foods like dairy products, kale, broccoli, and Bok Choy providing essential calcium.
A multicentre phase III study shows that the nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine combination significantly improves one- and two-year survival rates in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer compared to gemcitabine alone. This new drug combination is set to become a reference treatment for this disease.
A Johns Hopkins-led analysis suggests that taking certain blood pressure medications may reduce the risk of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease by at least 50 percent. The study found that diuretics and ACE inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk in people over 75 with normal cognition.
Scientists have discovered a critical clue about why some people can control HIV without taking antiviral drugs. These 'controllers' have an extra helping of the immune protein APOBEC3G, which blocks HIV from spreading within the body.
A study published in JAMA found that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery provides slightly better health status and quality of life than procedures using drug-eluting stents for patients with diabetes and multiple arteries affected, but this difference disappears beyond 2 years.
A study including over 40,000 pregnant women found no significant association between metoclopramide use and major congenital malformations. Additionally, metoclopramide was not linked to increased risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or fetal growth restriction.
The study found that the CVR is as effective as other combined hormonal contraceptives in preventing pregnancy and has a consistent safety profile. Women were highly satisfied with the ring and found it easy to use, making it an attractive option for women in developing countries.
Researchers analyze injury patterns in FIFA World Cup tournaments, finding that football players are more likely to get injured when their team is ahead. The study also reveals a direct link between the number of free kicks and injury frequency.
Researchers at U-M Health System have begun a Phase II clinical trial using stem cells to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a debilitating disease affecting nerve cells. The trial, approved by the FDA and funded by Neuralstem Inc., aims to assess the safety and potential effects of injected stem cells on motor neurons.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that unpublished clinical trial reports provide more complete information on patient-relevant outcomes than publicly available sources. The study's findings highlight the importance of making clinical trial data publicly available to support informed decision-making.
A study found that the median thyrotropin level at levothyroxine treatment start declined from 8.7 to 7.9 mIU/L, indicating potential overtreatment. Researchers suggest that up to 30% of persons receiving levothyroxine therapy may have been prescribed it without an accepted indication.
A new study is testing a standardized labeling system that prescribes medications at four specific times of the day (morning, noon, evening, and bedtime), with the goal of improving patients' understanding and proper use of their medications. The study aims to reduce confusion and neglect among patients taking multiple medications.
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that the active ingredient of ipecac syrup effectively inhibits bladder cancer cell growth, especially when combined with cisplatin. The compound has little effect on normal cells and may offer a new treatment option for patients with advanced bladder cancer.
Hospitalized HIV patients are more likely to experience medication errors when cared for by hospital providers unfamiliar with HIV therapy complexities. Involing an infectious diseases specialist can significantly reduce these errors, correcting them in 68% of cases versus 32% without
A phase III study published in The Lancet found that ramucirumab inhibits tumour growth and improves median survival, offering new treatment options for patients with advanced gastric cancer. The study's results suggest a potential benefit for patients with limited treatment options.
A Phase II clinical trial is underway to test the safety and acceptability of a reduced glycerin gel formulation of tenofovir in preventing HIV transmission through unprotected anal sex. The study aims to determine whether rectal microbicides can be used as an additional tool to reduce HIV risk.
A collaborative study between Spain and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai found that administering beta-blocker medication to heart attack patients while in transit can significantly reduce heart damage. The study showed metoprolol therapy resulted in smaller infarcts and improved heart contractility.
The METOCARD-CNIC study found that metoprolol significantly reduces infarct size and improves heart contractility. The treatment's cost-effectiveness is estimated to save thousands of euros per patient over time.
A systematic review of statin medications found that long-term use can reduce the risk of dementia by 29%. Statins do not affect short-term memory or cognition, contradicting FDA warnings. The study's findings provide reassurance for patients and doctors prescribing statins.
A clinical trial found that cediranib, a biological therapy, extended the time before ovarian cancer recurred and increased overall survival by up to 30% compared to chemotherapy alone. The treatment showed incremental improvements in progression-free and overall survival.
A study by Brown University researchers found that Medicare Advantage health plans significantly understated their rate of high-risk medication prescriptions. The average plan reported a 5.8 percentage point difference in favor, resulting in about 500,000 more seniors receiving high-risk medications than reported.
The European Society for Medical Oncology emphasizes the need for new testing methods to ensure patients benefit from personalized cancer treatments. Researchers are working on developing new approaches to analyze tumour characteristics and select targeted therapies.
The Phase II study showed that everolimus successfully slowed or prevented disease spread in 59% of patients. Everolimus may represent a new treatment option for advanced papillary kidney cancer, which accounts for 15% of all kidney cancer cases.
A new intravaginal ring has demonstrated a 100% success rate in protecting primates from HIV, offering hope for women in developing nations. The device utilizes a smaller dose of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, delivered through a unique polymer construction that increases drug release.
The Joslin Diabetes Center will conduct a clinical trial to evaluate the benefits of allopurinol in reducing kidney function loss among people with type 1 diabetes. The five-year trial aims to determine if high serum uric acid levels are the cause of diabetic kidney disease.
Limited health literacy affects patients' ability to take prescribed medications and makes it difficult for them to engage in self-care activities. Pharmacy schools are adopting health literacy as a framework for training pharmacists to be effective communicators.
A systematic review by the University of Southampton found that people taking antidepressants are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although the exact cause is still unknown. Different types of antidepressants may carry varying risks, and further research is needed to determine their individual effects.
A Mayo-led study has found that sulfasalazine, a commonly prescribed medication for inflammatory bowel disease, fails to reduce diarrhea in patients receiving radiation therapy. The study suggests that the medication may actually increase the risk of diarrhea when used during pelvic radiation therapy.
Researchers found that patients diagnosed with early Alzheimer's disease who received brain imaging test results had better clinical outcomes, including superior executive function and memory abilities. The study suggests that earlier diagnosis can lead to significant benefits, potentially saving healthcare dollars.
A study published in JAMA Neurology found that prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs was associated with impaired fine motor skills in children at age 6 months. However, breastfeeding by mothers taking these medications was not linked to adverse development in children up to 36 months old.
Researchers found that alefacept preserved the body's ability to produce its own insulin, with fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, while selectively targeting disease-causing T cells. The study suggests a potential new strategy for treating type 1 diabetes by restoring balance between immune cells.
A new study by Cleveland Clinic found that bariatric surgery significantly improves and reverses Type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Long-term weight loss and gastric bypass surgery are key predictors of sustained remission, with nearly one-third of patients achieving normal blood glucose levels off medication.