Articles tagged with Drug Studies
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Researchers at UC San Diego used a newly discovered function of an old drug to restore cell communications in a mouse model of autism, reversing symptoms. The findings suggest that correcting abnormalities in a mouse is a long way from a cure for humans but offer encouragement to test this approach in a small clinical trial.
A meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials found that adjunctive antipsychotic medications improve depressive symptoms but have limited effects on quality of life. The treatments are also linked to side effects such as weight gain, sedation, and akathisia.
Researchers found that a clot-busting therapy can benefit some heart attack patients who cannot have immediate angioplasty, reducing all-cause mortality and cardiac rehospitalization. The STREAM trial included 1,915 patients from 15 countries and showed that drug therapy before transfer was at least as effective as angioplasty.
A single dose of an investigational anti-inflammatory drug, inclacumab, reduced damage to heart tissue during angioplasty in a study. The drug, which blocks p-selectin, had significant effects on cardiac markers, including troponin I and CK-MB, in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
The study found that a single dose of tenecteplase reduced incidence of circulatory system collapse by 56% in patients with submassive or intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Patients under 75 years old had the most benefit and fewer hemorrhagic strokes.
A large-scale trial by The Mount Sinai Medical Center found that combination therapy did not improve clinical benefits over single drug treatment in multiple sclerosis patients, but reduced the development of new lesions. Combination therapy with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon Beta-1a showed a reduction in MRI lesion accumulation.
A multicenter trial of sildenafil for diastolic heart failure failed to confirm results of smaller studies, finding no improvement in exercise capacity or cardiovascular structure and function. The study's lead author notes that the disease process may be different and not responsive to this category of drug.
A phase IIa study suggests that ORM-12741, a new add-on drug, improves memory scores by 4% in individuals with moderate Alzheimer's disease, while worsening it by 33% in those receiving a placebo. The study found significant benefits in improving brain functions under stressful conditions.
A recent clinical trial found that combining interferonβ-1a and glatiramer acetate did not reduce relapse risk in multiple sclerosis patients, but reduced new lesion activity and total lesion volume. The study enrolled 1,008 participants over three years.
The REMINDER trial found that eplerenone significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure in patients after a heart attack. Patients taking eplerenone had a 38% lower risk of poor outcomes compared to those given a placebo.
A study at Henry Ford Hospital found that patients taking GLP-1 medications had a reduced risk of hospitalization for heart failure and fewer deaths. The retrospective study included 4,427 diabetic patients and adjusted for various factors to identify the effect of GLP-1 medication use.
Cangrelor demonstrated significant efficacy advantages over clopidogrel in reducing composite incidence of death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization. It also showed a lower risk of stent thrombosis, with improved safety results across various patient subgroups.
Cangrelor, a novel intravenous anti-clotting medication, has been shown to be more effective than clopidogrel in preventing blood clots in patients undergoing coronary stent procedures. The study found that cangrelor reduced the odds of complications by 22% and stent thrombosis by 38%.
A new anti-inflammatory drug, inclacumab, has shown promising results in reducing heart muscle damage during angioplasty. The study involved 530 patients with myocardial infarction and found that a single dose of the drug reduced troponin I levels by 24%, offering great promise for its potential use in treating heart attack patients.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that buphenyl increases beneficial proteins in the brain, protects neurons, and improves memory and learning in mice with AD-like pathology. The study offers a promising avenue for treating Alzheimer's disease.
A multi-site study led by a Miriam Hospital researcher reveals that treatment-experienced HIV patients can safely achieve viral suppression without incorporating the traditional class of HIV medications into their treatment regimen. This new approach could change treatment guidelines, lessen side effects, and increase adherence rates.
The VOICE study found that daily dosing of tenofovir gel was not effective in reducing HIV acquisition due to low adherence rates. In contrast, coital dosing, where women use the product around the time of sex, showed a significant reduction in HIV infections and herpes genital infections.
A new trial will test whether losartan, a widely used high blood pressure medication, can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The RADAR clinical trial aims to improve brain blood flow and alter chemical pathways that cause brain cell damage.
The VOICE study found that daily use of vaginal gel or oral tablets did not prevent HIV in young, unmarried African women. Most participants did not use their assigned products as recommended, resulting in high rates of HIV acquisition among this population.
Researchers found that co-infection with HIV speeds up the progression of liver disease in individuals infected with hepatitis C, increasing the severity of scarring and cirrhosis by nearly a decade. The studies identified two genetic mutations that may help the immune system fight off the HCV virus more effectively.
A NIH/NIAID study found that antiretroviral-based strategies to prevent HIV infection among women were not effective due to low adherence rates. The VOICE trial showed that nearly half of participants, particularly young and unmarried women, failed to use their assigned products daily.
A study found that long-term treatment with spironolactone did not improve symptoms or quality of life in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. However, it improved left ventricular diastolic function and reduced potassium levels.
The HPS2-THRIVE study found that vitamin niacin combined with statin treatment increases adverse side-effects, including skin flushing and gastrointestinal problems. Patients taking the experimental treatment were four times more likely to stop due to skin-related reasons.
A two-year study found that gastric bypass surgery reverses diabetes by uniquely restoring pancreatic function, particularly in reducing belly fat. The study showed a remarkable 5.8-fold increase in overall pancreatic cell function in patients who underwent gastric bypass.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet reveals that cortisone increases the risk of acute pancreatitis. Patients treated with cortisone are recommended to avoid alcohol and smoking to minimize the risk. The study found a 70% higher risk of developing acute pancreatitis among those taking cortisone tablet form.
The LINX Reflux Management System, a device made of magnetic titanium beads, helps relieve chronic heartburn symptoms by strengthening the lower esophageal sphincter. Over 90% of patients reported satisfaction with their condition after treatment.
A new Northwestern University study found that US veterans diagnosed with GERD are frequently prescribed high doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and kept on the drug for too long. The researchers evaluated over 1,600 patients and found that nearly 25% were given high total daily dose prescriptions.
A study published in Population Health Management found that eliminating co-payments for diabetes-related medications and supplies improved patient self-management of their condition. Nearly 90% of participants reported better disease management after the program's initiation.
A new study by University of Cincinnati researchers found that Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) was more effective than Counseling as Usual (CAU) in reducing days of substance abuse among highly motivated African-American participants. However, lower-motivated participants showed better outcomes with CAU programs.
Acupuncture showed statistically significant improvements in symptoms and medication use for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Increasing CT screening thresholds could decrease false positive results but may delay cancer diagnosis. The American College of Physicians has released a new tip sheet with these findings.
A Michigan State University research team begins a groundbreaking clinical drug trial to control seizures caused by cerebral malaria, which affects brain function in three million children. The trial aims to improve seizure control and potentially prevent epilepsy.
Community-based prevention programs implemented during middle school years significantly reduced prescription medication abuse among young adults. The study found reductions of 20-65% compared to control groups, with interventions also shown to reduce other substance use and problem behaviors.
MIND Institute researchers will examine whether children and youth with fragile X syndrome can improve their working memory, cognition, and behavior using an online computer-based cognitive training program. The four-year study aims to determine the efficacy of this intervention in improving working memory skills and potentially behavior.
A landmark clinical trial published in Ophthalmology found that genetic variants do not predict treatment response to Lucentis and Avastin for wet AMD. The study's findings clarify the value of genetic testing for this serious eye disease, contradicting previous hopes for personalized medicine.
Researchers at UTHealth found that alcohol use can increase smoking and smoking urges in women attempting to quit. Higher, more volatile smoking urges were reported before drinking, suggesting a potential vicious cycle where smoking urges lead to alcohol consumption.
A federally funded study found that nearly 90% of preschoolers with ADHD continue to struggle with symptoms six years after diagnosis, regardless of medication use. Children with co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder were more likely to experience persistent symptoms.
A recent study published in Cell Reports found that sunitinib, an anticancer drug, does not cause lingering risks for patients after their treatment ends. The research suggests that sunitinib works by slowing tumor growth and prolonging survival during treatment, without altering tumor biology after the drug is stopped.
A study found that frequent dialysis can cause complications related to repeated access to the blood, including repair procedures and hospitalizations. The risk of these events was 76% higher with daily hemodialysis compared to conventional hemodialysis.
A study found that more than a third of adults with COPD were prescribed benzodiazepines, despite warnings about their potential harm. The most vulnerable group, those with severe COPD, used the medication at the highest frequency and with the most repeat prescriptions.
The NIH is sponsoring three clinical trials to test new treatments for influenza, including oseltamivir, combination antiviral drugs and plasma enriched with anti-influenza antibodies. The trials aim to improve treatment options for people with severe illness or chronic health conditions.
Patients with peripheral artery disease who received ramipril for 24 weeks experienced significant improvements in pain-free walking time and maximum walking time, as well as enhanced physical health and quality of life. Ramipril also showed promise in improving patient-perceived ability to perform daily activities.
Three studies report on the use of wearable cameras to measure sedentary behavior, active travel, and nutrition-related behaviors. Findings suggest that wearable cameras provide a more accurate assessment than accelerometers in classifying sedentary behavior and can help identify under-reporting of calorie intake.
A clinical trial found that treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists was associated with reduced body mass index and body weight in adolescents with severe obesity. The medication exenatide resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, with an average decrease of 4 percent during the open-label phase.
A recent study found that tenofovir gel achieves substantially higher concentrations of active drug in vaginal tissue than the oral tablet, suggesting it should be highly effective in protecting women against HIV transmitted through vaginal sex. However, this has not been borne out in HIV prevention trials to date.
Researchers from Arunachal Pradesh and the Research Institute of World's Ancient Traditions Cultures and Heritage successfully isolated dormant TB bacteria from CD271+ stem cells in bone marrow. The study provides evidence that TB bacteria hide in these stem cells to escape drug treatment, making it difficult to eradicate the disease.
Patients attending a family practice clinic will be offered genetic testing to see how they respond to psychiatric medication. The tests, which analyze variations on five genes, can help physicians predict which medications are safe and effective for each patient.
Researchers have identified a new source of powerful antibiotics in shipworms, which could combat antibiotic resistance. Additionally, bacteria carried by cone snails produce neuroactive chemicals with promise for pain treatment. The discovery was made through the Philippine Mollusk Symbiont International Cooperative Biodiversity Group.
The European Medicines Agency's initiative to release all clinical trial information has sparked debate on the role of medical journals in publishing drug data. As more data becomes available, reports of trials sanctioned by pharmaceutical companies will no longer be considered definitive records.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found significant discrepancies between internal company documents and published trial reports in industry-sponsored clinical trials. The researchers highlighted the need for standardizing definitions of analysis types, making full trial protocols and data publicly available, and ensuring regul...
Researchers discovered a paradoxical relationship between diminished mitochondrial function and increased insulin sensitivity in mice. The study found that mice with mitochondrial mutations lived longer and had reduced body fat due to increased fat utilization.
Effective treatments for senior constipation include polyethylene glycol and lactulose, which increase colon water secretion and may alleviate symptoms. However, these agents can cause bloating and diarrhea, while stimulant laxatives like senna are effective but may lose effectiveness over time.
A systematic review found that yoga has positive effects on mild depression and sleep complaints, as well as improving symptoms associated with schizophrenia and ADHD in patients on medication. The review of over 100 studies highlighted the benefits of yoga for mental health illnesses, except for eating disorders and cognition problems.
A two-year observational follow-up of the REDUCE trial found that dutasteride treatment was associated with a lower incidence of new prostate cancers. The study, published in The Journal of Urology, showed that men taking dutasteride had fewer prostate cancer diagnoses compared to those receiving a placebo.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College found that less than half of black patients with uncontrolled hypertension were prescribed a diuretic drug, despite its proven benefits and low cost. The study highlights the need for physicians to follow established guidelines and prescribe diuretics as recommended for this population.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that ADHD diagnoses rose dramatically between 2001 and 2010, with non-Hispanic white children having the highest rates. Black girls showed a 90% increase in diagnosis rates during this period. The study also revealed disparities in ADHD diagnosis rates among ethnic groups.
A new survey of stroke survivors found that those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are less likely to adhere to treatment regimens that reduce the risk of a future stroke. Approximately one in three patients with PTSD had concerns about their medications, leading to increased ambivalence and nonadherence.
A recent study found that drug abuse impairs sexual performance in men, even after years of abstinence. Researchers evaluated four areas of sexual performance and discovered that speedball and cocaine abuse prevailingly affect sexual pleasure, while heroin significantly impairs orgasms.
Researchers identified a host signaling pathway used by malaria parasites to escape host cells, allowing for potential new strategies to combat the disease. A compound called sotrastaurin, already tested in humans and deemed safe, showed promise as an oral antimalarial.
An ASH international clinical network collaboration improved APL survival rates by replicating a high cure rate of 85% in patients in Central and South America. The standard-of-care protocol, including oral ATRA and daunorubicin-based chemotherapy, showed promising results with low cumulative incidence of relapse.
A new study led by UCLA researcher Dr. Derjung Tarn found that a simple training program improved physicians' ability to communicate key facts about prescribed medications, including potential side effects and medication adherence. The intervention resulted in higher ratings from patients on communication about medications.